|
Traditional Point-size Names
Fonts originally consisted of a set of moveable type letterpunches purchased from a type foundry. As early as 1600, the sizes of these types—their "bodies"—acquired traditional names in English, French, German, and Dutch, usually from their principal early uses. These names were used relative to the others and their exact length would vary over time, from country to country, and from foundry to foundry. For example, "agate" and "ruby" used to be a single size "agate ruby" of about 5 points; metal type known as " agate" later ranged from 5 to 5.8 points. The sizes were gradually standardized as described above.. Modern Chinese typography uses the following names in general preference to stating the number of points. In ambiguous contexts, the word ''hào'' ( t , s , "number") is added to the end of the size name to clarify the meaning. Note that the Chinese font sizes use American points; the Continental systems traditionally used the Fournier or Didot point ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chambers 1908 Type Sizes
Chambers commonly refers to: * Chambers (surname), including a list of people with the name * ''Chambers'' (TV series), a 2019 American supernatural horror show Chambers may also refer to: Places Canada *Chambers Township, Ontario United States * Chambers, Arizona *Chambers, Nebraska *Chambers, West Virginia *Chambers Branch, a stream in Kansas *Chambers County, Alabama *Chambers County, Texas * Chambers Township, Holt County, Nebraska Businesses and products * Chambers (publisher), formerly Chambers Publishers ** ''Chambers Dictionary'', first published 1872 ** ''Chambers Biographical Dictionary'', first published in 1897 ** ''Chambers's Encyclopaedia'', 1859–1979 * Chambers Communications, an American broadcasting company * Chambers and Partners, producing rankings for the legal industry * Chambers stove, cooking appliances sold under the Chambers brand Other uses * ''Chambers'' (album), by Steady & Co., 2001 * ''Chambers'' (series), a British radio and TV sitcom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pica (typography)
The pica is a typographic unit of measure corresponding to approximately of an inch. One pica is further divided into 12 Point (typography), points. In printing, three pica measures are used: * The French pica of 12 Didot points (also called Cicero (typography), cicero) generally is: 12 × 0.376 = . * The American pica of . It was established by the United States Type Founders' Association in 1886. In TeX one pica is of an inch. * The contemporary computer PostScript pica is exactly of an inch, i.e. 0.1 in or 4.2 mm. Publishing applications such as Adobe InDesign and QuarkXPress represent pica measurements with whole-number picas left of a lower-case ''p'', followed by the points number, for example: 5p6 represents 5 picas and 6 points, or 5 picas. Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) defined by the World Wide Web Consortium use pc as the abbreviation for pica ( of an inch), and pt for point ( of an inch). The pica is also used in measuring the font capacity and is applied in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Typefaces
This is a list of typefaces, which are separated into groups by distinct artistic differences. The list includes typefaces that have articles or that are referenced. Font superfamily, Superfamilies that fall under more than one category have an asterisk (*) after their name. Serif *Adobe Jenson *Albertus (typeface), Albertus *Aldus (typeface), Aldus *Algerian (virtual typeface), Algerian *Amelia (typeface), Amelia (Designed in 1963 by Stan Davis) *American Typewriter *Antiqua (typeface class), Antiqua *Arno (typeface), Arno* *Aster (typeface), Aster *Aurora (typeface), Aurora and derivatives like ''News 706'' *Baskerville *Bell (typeface), Bell (Didone classification serif type designed by Richard Austin, 1788) *Belwe Roman * Bembo (typeface), Bembo and derivatives like ''Aldine 401'' *Bernhard Modern * Bodoni (typeface family) **Bauer Bodoni *Bitstream Charter *Bookman (typeface), Bookman *Bulmer (typeface), Bulmer *Caledonia (typeface), Caledonia *Calisto MT *Cambria (typefac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Courier (typeface)
Courier is a monospaced slab serif typeface commissioned by IBM and designed by Howard "Bud" Kettler (1919–1999) in the mid-1950s. The Courier name and typeface concept are in the public domain. Courier has been adapted for use as a computer font, and versions of it are installed on most desktop computers. History IBM did not trademark the name Courier, so the typeface design concept and its name are now public domain. According to some sources, a later version for IBM's Selectric typewriters was developed with input from Adrian Frutiger, although Paul Shaw writes that this is a confusion with Frutiger's adaptation of his Univers typeface for the Selectric system. Sources differ on whether the design was published in 1955 or 1956. As a monospaced font, in the 1990s Courier found renewed use in the electronic world in situations where columns of characters must be consistently aligned, for instance, in computer programming. It has also become an industry standard for all scr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pitch (typewriter)
Pitch is the number of ( monospaced) letters, numbers and spaces in of , that is, ''characters per inch'' (abbreviated cpi), measured horizontally. The pitch was most often used as a measurement of the size of typewriter fonts as well as those of impact printers used with computers. The most widespread fonts in typewriters are 10 and 12 pitch, called ''Pica'' and ''Elite'', respectively. Both fonts have the same x-height, yielding six lines per vertical inch. There may be other font styles with various width: condensed or compressed (17–20 cpi), italic or bold (10 pitch), enlarged (5–8 cpi), and so on. ''Pica'', the typewriter font, should not be confused with pica, a unit equal to of an inch or twelve points, usually measured vertically. See also * Copyfitting Estimating the average number of characters per line for a proportionately spaced font. * * * Proportional spacingA proportional typeface contains glyph A glyph ( ) is any kind of purposeful mark. In ty ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Typometer
A typometer is a ruler which is usually divided in typographic points or ciceros on one of its sides and in centimeters or millimeters on the other, which was traditionally used in the graphic arts to inspect the measures of typographic materials. The most developed typometers could also measure the type size of a particular typeface, the leading of a text, the width of paragraph rules and other features of a printed text. This way, designers could study and reproduce the layout of a document. One of the domains where the typometer was most widely used was the editorial offices of newspapers and magazines, where it was used along with other tools such as tracing paper and linen testers to define the layout of the pages of the publications, until the 1980s. Typometers were initially made of wood or metal (in later times, of transparent plastic or acetate), and were produced in diverse shapes and sizes. Some of them presented several scales that were used to measure the proper ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Typographic Unit
Typographic units are the units of measurement used in typography or typesetting. Traditional wikt:typometry, typometry units are different from familiar SI, metric units because they were established in the early days of printing. Though most printing is digital now, the old terms and units have persisted. Even though these units are all very small, across a line of print they add up quickly. Confusions such as resetting text originally in type of one unit in type of another will result in words moving from one line to the next, resulting in all sorts of typesetting errors (viz. River (typography), rivers, widows and orphans, disrupted tables, and misplaced captions). Before the popularization of desktop publishing, type measurements were done with a tool called a typometer. Development In Europe, the Didot point system was created by Didot family#François-Ambroise Didot, François-Ambroise Didot (1730–1804) in c. 1783. Didot's system was based on Pierre Simon Fournier's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Great Primer
Great primer is a large font size (18 points) that was used in the printing of English Bibles and other large-format books, leading to its other name of ''Bible Text''. The largest size ever (or at least up to about 1843) used in England for printing books, it was several sizes larger than English (14 pt) but smaller than paragon (20 pt). It was known in Italian as ''testo''. Other synonyms include ''Double Bourgeois'', ''18-point'', ''Gros Romain'' (French), ''Text'' (Dutch) and ''Tertia'' (German). Great-primer size fonts have been in use since William Caxton, around 1488.Hansard, Thomas Curson, ''Typographia: An Historical Sketch of the Origin and Art of Printing'', London, 1825, accessed on Google Books 24 June 2010. See also * Traditional point-size names Fonts originally consisted of a set of moveable type letterpunches purchased from a type foundry. As early as 1600, the sizes of these types—their "bodies"—acquired traditional names in English, French, German, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agate (typography)
An agate ( US) or ruby ( UK) is a unit of typographical measure. It is 5.5 typographical points, or about inch (1.94 mm). It can refer either to the height of a line of type or to a font that is 5.5 points. An is commonly used to display statistical data or legal notices in newspapers. It is considered to be the smallest point size that can be printed on newsprint and remain legible. Due to the small size of agate compared to typical newspaper body text that might be 8 to 10 points and due to its use for statistical, stock, racing or other table uses, the term "agate" may also refer to tables and texts using this point size. The general description "agate" refers to the collection of miscellaneous tables, stock tables, horse racing and sports tables and so forth that may be in a newspaper. From the ''American Dictionary of Printing and Bookmaking'' (1894): See also * Traditional point-size names Fonts originally consisted of a set of moveable type letterpunches ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moveable Type
Movable type (US English; moveable type in British English) is the system and technology of printing and typography that uses movable components to reproduce the elements of a document (usually individual alphanumeric characters or punctuation marks) usually on the medium of paper. Overview The world's first movable type printing technology for paper books was made of porcelain materials and was invented around 1040 AD in China during the Northern Song dynasty by the inventor Bi Sheng (990–1051). The earliest printed paper money with movable metal type to print the identifying code of the money was made in 1161 during the Song dynasty. In 1193, a book in the Song dynasty documented how to use the copper movable type. The oldest extant book printed with movable metal type, Jikji, was printed in Korea in 1377 during the Goryeo dynasty. The spread of both movable-type systems was, to some degree, limited to primarily East Asia. The creation of the printing press in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pinyin
Hanyu Pinyin, or simply pinyin, officially the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet, is the most common romanization system for Standard Chinese. ''Hanyu'' () literally means 'Han Chinese, Han language'—that is, the Chinese language—while ''pinyin'' literally means 'spelled sounds'. Pinyin is the official romanization system used in China, Singapore, Taiwan, and by the United Nations. Its use has become common when transliterating Standard Chinese mostly regardless of region, though it is less ubiquitous in Taiwan. It is used to teach Standard Chinese, normally written with Chinese characters, to students in mainland China and Singapore. Pinyin is also used by various Chinese input method, input methods on computers and to lexicographic ordering, categorize entries in some Chinese dictionaries. In pinyin, each Chinese syllable is spelled in terms of an optional initial (linguistics), initial and a final (linguistics), final, each of which is represented by one or more letters. Initi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Characters
Chinese characters are logographs used Written Chinese, to write the Chinese languages and others from regions historically influenced by Chinese culture. Of the four independently invented writing systems accepted by scholars, they represent the only one that has remained in continuous use. Over a documented history spanning more than three millennia, the function, style, and means of writing characters have changed greatly. Unlike letters in alphabets that reflect the sounds of speech, Chinese characters generally represent morphemes, the units of meaning in a language. Writing all of the frequently used vocabulary in a language requires roughly 2000–3000 characters; , nearly have been identified and included in ''The Unicode Standard''. Characters are created according to several principles, where aspects of shape and pronunciation may be used to indicate the character's meaning. The first attested characters are oracle bone inscriptions made during the 13th century&n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
