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Tomorrow Party
The el-Ghad Party ( ', ; "The Tomorrow Party") is a political party in Egypt that was granted license in October 2004. El-Ghad is a centrist Liberalism, liberal secular political party pressing for widening the scope of political participation and for a peaceful rotation of power. The official El-Ghad Party, headed by Moussa Moustafa Moussa, was running the 2011–12 Egyptian parliamentary election as an independent list. The split faction Ghad El-Thawra Party, headed by Ayman Nour, was part of the Muslim Brotherhood of Egypt, Muslim Brotherhood's Freedom and Justice Party (Egypt), Freedom and Justice Party-led Democratic Alliance for Egypt. Background Ayman Nour left the New Wafd Party in 2001. He was named the first secretary of the party in October that year. The party was legalized in 2004. After facing president Hosni Mubarak in the 2005 Egyptian presidential election, Nour was sentenced to five years in jail on forgery charges. In 2005, just before Nour being sentence ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ayman Nour
Ayman Abd El Aziz Nour (, ; born 5 December 1964) is an Egyptian politician, a former member of the Egyptian Parliament, founder and chairman of the El Ghad party. Nour was the first person to compete against President Hosni Mubarak in the 2005 presidential election. Shortly after announcing his candidacy, he was stripped of his parliamentary immunity and arrested on 29 January 2005, a move that was widely criticized by governments around the world as a step backwards for Egyptian democracy. Under international pressure, Nour was released to participate in the election, which was widely considered to be corrupt and rigged. His presidential bid was ultimately unsuccessful. He was arrested again shortly afterward and released nearly five years later. Political career Nour was named the first secretary of Misr Party and the editor-in-chief of the party's newspaper with the same name in October 2001. 2005 election and arrest Nour was the first person to ever compete against Pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2011–12 Egyptian Parliamentary Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Egypt from 28 November 2011 to 11 January 2012, following the 2011 Egyptian revolution, revolution that ousted President Hosni Mubarak, after which the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces (SCAF) dissolved Parliament of Egypt, Parliament. However the dissolution was ruled unconstitutional and Parliament was reinstated. Originally, the elections had been scheduled to be held in September 2011, but were postponed amid concerns that established parties would gain undue advantage. The elections were proclaimed the first honest national elections of any sort held in Egypt since the overthrow of the monarchy in 1952. However, there were also complaints of irregularities and fraud. The main focus of the newly elected Parliament was to be the selection of the members of a Egyptian Constituent Assembly of 2012, Constituent Assembly. Background In late 2010, a 2010 Egyptian parliamentary election, parliamentary election was held, though it was followe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Water Scarcity
Water scarcity (closely related to water stress or water crisis) is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two types of water scarcity. One is ''physical.'' The other is ''economic water scarcity''. Physical water scarcity is where there is not enough water to meet all demands. This includes water needed for ecosystems to function. Regions with a desert climate often face physical water scarcity. Central Asia, West Asia, and North Africa are examples of arid areas. Economic water scarcity results from a lack of investment in infrastructure or technology to draw water from rivers, aquifers, or other water sources. It also results from weak human capacity to meet water demand.Caretta, M.A., A. Mukherji, M. Arfanuzzaman, R.A. Betts, A. Gelfan, Y. Hirabayashi, T.K. Lissner, J. Liu, E. Lopez Gunn, R. Morgan, S. Mwanga, and S. Supratid, 2022Chapter 4: Water InClimate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Grou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Drug Addiction
Addiction is a neuropsychological disorder characterized by a persistent and intense urge to use a drug or engage in a behavior that produces natural reward, despite substantial harm and other negative consequences. Repetitive drug use can alter brain function in synapses similar to natural rewards like food or falling in love in ways that perpetuate craving and weakens self-control for people with pre-existing vulnerabilities. This phenomenon – drugs reshaping brain function – has led to an understanding of addiction as a brain disorder with a complex variety of psychosocial as well as neurobiological factors that are implicated in the development of addiction. While mice given cocaine showed the compulsive and involuntary nature of addiction, for humans this is more complex, related to behavior or personality traits. Classic signs of addiction include compulsive engagement in rewarding stimuli, ''preoccupation'' with substances or behavior, and continued use de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Handicapped
Disability is the experience of any condition that makes it more difficult for a person to do certain activities or have equitable access within a given society. Disabilities may be cognitive, developmental, intellectual, mental, physical, sensory, or a combination of multiple factors. Disabilities can be present from birth or can be acquired during a person's lifetime. Historically, disabilities have only been recognized based on a narrow set of criteria—however, disabilities are not binary and can be present in unique characteristics depending on the individual. A disability may be readily visible, or invisible in nature. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities defines disability as including: Disabilities have been perceived differently throughout history, through a variety of different theoretical lenses. There are two main models that attempt to explain disability in our society: the medical model and the social model. The medical m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2010 Egyptian Shura Council Election
Elections for the Shura Council were held in Egypt on 1 and 8 June 2010. From a total of 264 seats in the upper house of the Egyptian parliament, 88 are up for election every three years, another 44 are appointed by the president. Campaign Out of 446 candidates for elections, 115 were from political parties and 331 were independents. Conduct The election was not under any national court or international supervision. The General Secretary of the Policy Committee in the National Democratic Party Gamal Mubarak said in a press conference that, "This issue is governed by the law and the constitution which made it possible for civil society organizations to monitor the elections". The Secretary of Education in the NDP, Mohamed Kamal, said that the party welcomes the supervision of national organizations, but refuses international monitoring. He also added that the abolition of judicial supervision of elections does not affect the integrity of the elections. Results References ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gameela Ismail
Gameela Muhammad Ismail Muhammad (; born 1966) is an Egyptian politician, activist, and former television presenter. She was actively involved in calling for and participating in the January 25 Revolution. Background, education, and family life Ismail was formerly married to politician Ayman Nour. They have two sons. Throughout her career, Ismail has worked as an advocate for human and women's rights, as a television presenter for Egyptian state television, as a stringer for Newsweek, and as a media spokesperson. Career and political involvement before 2011 She challenged an NDP figure in 2007 2007 was designated as the International Heliophysical Year and the International Polar Year. Events January * January 1 **Bulgaria and Romania 2007 enlargement of the European Union, join the European Union, while Slovenia joins the Eur .... Ismail founded Egyptian Women for Change. Involvement in the January 25 Revolution In August 2014, Mubarak-era Interior Minister ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ayman Nour's Trial - 235438979
Ayman (, also spelled as Aiman, Aimen, Aymen, or Eymen in the Latin alphabet) is an Arabic masculine given name. It is derived from the Arabic Semitic root () for ''right'', and literally means ''righteous'', ''on the right'', ''right-handed'', ''blessed'' or ''lucky''. In Turkish, the name is spelled as ''Eymen''. Eymen was the second most popular given name for boys born in Turkey in 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019. An early bearer of the name was Ayman ibn Ubayd, an early Muslim and companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Notable people with the name include * Ayman ibn Ubayd, early Muslim and son of Umm Ayman * Aiman Khwajah Sultan, Prince of Moghulistan *Ayman al-Zawahiri, leader of al-Qaeda 2011–22 *Ayman Safadi, Jordanian Minister of Foreign Affairs *Aimen Dean, founding member of Al-Qaeda * Ayman Mohyeldin, Egyptian-American journalist * Ayman Majali, former Deputy Prime Minister of Jordan * Aymen Benabderrahmane, former Prime Minister of Algeria * Prince Muha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2005 Egyptian Presidential Election
Presidential elections were held in Egypt on September 7, 2005, the first to feature more than one candidate. Incumbent president Hosni Mubarak was re-elected for a fifth consecutive six-year term in office, with official results showing he won 88.6% of the vote. Mubarak's main opponent, Ayman Nour, of the El-Ghad Party, is estimated to have received 7.3% of the vote and Numan Gumaa received 2.8%, however, Nour claimed that prior polling results showed over 30%. Criticism of the election process has centred on the process of selecting the eligible candidates, and on alleged election-law violations during voting. Mubarak was sworn in for his new term on September 27. Candidates The election was the first-ever multi-party election in the history of Hosni Mubarak's rule. Ten parties were set to take part; the leading candidates were: *Hosni Mubarak of the National Democratic Party * Numan Gumaa of the New Wafd Party * Ayman Nour of the El-Ghad Party Also contending were: * Osama S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hosni Mubarak
Muhammad Hosni El Sayed Mubarak (; 4 May 1928 – 25 February 2020) was an Egyptian politician and military officer who served as the fourth president of Egypt from 1981 to 2011 and the 41st Prime Minister of Egypt, prime minister from 1981 to 1982. He was previously the 18th Vice President of Egypt, vice president under President Anwar Sadat from 1975 until his accession to the presidency. Before he entered politics, Mubarak was a career officer in the Egyptian Air Force. He served as its commander from 1972 to 1975 and rose to the rank of air chief marshal in 1973. After Sadat was Assassination of Anwar Sadat, assassinated in 1981, Mubarak assumed the presidency in a single-candidate 1981 Egyptian presidential confirmation referendum, referendum, and renewed his term through single-candidate referendums in 1987 Egyptian presidential confirmation referendum, 1987, 1993 Egyptian presidential confirmation referendum, 1993, and 1999 Egyptian presidential confirmation referendum, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Wafd Party
The New Wafd Party (), officially the Egyptian Wafd Party and also known as the Al-Wafd Party, is a nationalist liberal party in Egypt. It is the extension of one of the oldest and historically most active political parties in Egypt, Wafd Party, which was dismantled after the 1952 Revolution. The New Wafd was established in 1978, but banned only months later. It was revived after President Anwar Sadat's assassination in 1981. In Egypt's legislative and presidential elections in November and December 2005, the party won 6 out of 454 seats in the People's Assembly, and its presidential candidate Numan Gumaa received 2.9 per cent of the total votes cast for president. Following the 2011 revolution the party joined the National Democratic Alliance for Egypt electoral bloc, which was dominated by the Muslim Brotherhood's Freedom and Justice Party. No member of the party was a candidate for the 2012 election. As the date neared for fielding candidate lists, Wafd left the al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Democratic Alliance For Egypt
Democratic Alliance for Egypt, or Democratic Alliance, was a coalition of political parties in Egypt, formed in the wake of the 2011 Egyptian Revolution. The largest party in the group was the Muslim Brotherhood's Freedom and Justice Party. Affiliated parties * Democratic Generation Party * Egyptian Arab Socialist Party * Ghad El-Thawra Party * Dignity Party * Labour Party * Ahrar Party * Egyptian Reform Party * Reform and Renaissance Party * Freedom and Justice Party * Safety and Development Party History The Alliance was originally made of fifteen parties, including Freedom Egypt Party, the leftist National Progressive Unionist Party (Tagammu), the Salafi-affiliated Al Nour Party, and the centrist Justice Party. Later the Democratic Front Party and Tagammu parties split off to join the left-leaning Egyptian Bloc. By the start of the elections on 28 November 2011, only 11 parties remained in the alliance, including the Muslim Brotherhood's Freedom and Justic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
