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Tolstoy
Count Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy Tolstoy pronounced his first name as , which corresponds to the romanization ''Lyov''. () (; ,Throughout Tolstoy's whole life, his name was written as using pre-reform Russian orthography. ; ), usually referred to in English as Leo Tolstoy, was a Russian writer. He is regarded as one of the greatest and most influential authors of all time. Born to an aristocratic family, Tolstoy achieved acclaim in his twenties with his semi-autobiographical trilogy, ''Childhood'', '' Boyhood'' and ''Youth'' (1852–1856), and with ''Sevastopol Sketches'' (1855), based on his experiences in the Crimean War. His '' War and Peace'' (1869), '' Anna Karenina'' (1878), and ''Resurrection'' (1899), which is based on his youthful sins, are often cited as pinnacles of realist fiction and three of the greatest novels ever written. His ''oeuvre'' includes short stories such as " Alyosha the Pot" (1911) and " After the Ball" (1911) and novellas such as '' Family Happi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sophia Tolstaya
Countess Sophia Andreyevna Tolstaya (, (); – 4 November 1919), sometimes anglicised as Sofia Tolstoy, Sophia Tolstoy and Sonya Tolstoy, was a Russian diarist, and the wife of writer Count Leo Tolstoy. Biography Sophia Behrs was one of three daughters of a Baltic-German, Andrey Evstafievich Behrs (1808–1868), Imperial court physician, and his Russian wife, Liubov Alexandrovna Islavinа (1826–1886). Her maternal great-grandfather, Count Pyotr Zavadovsky, was the first Minister of education in Russia's history. Sophia had been acquainted with her future husband, Leo Tolstoy, from childhood; he was 16 years her senior and had befriended her mother when he was a boy. On 17 September 1862, when Sophia was 18 years old, the couple became formally engaged after Tolstoy gave Sophia a written proposal of marriage, marrying a week later in Moscow. At the time of their marriage, Leo Tolstoy was well known as a novelist following the publication of '' The Cossacks''. On the eve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yasnaya Polyana
Yasnaya Polyana ( rus, Я́сная Поля́на, p=ˈjasnəjə pɐˈlʲanə, ) is a writer's house museum, the former home of the writer Leo Tolstoy.#Bartlett, Bartlett, p. 25 It is southwest of Tula, Russia, Tula, Russia, and from Moscow. Tolstoy was born in the house, where he wrote both ''War and Peace'' and ''Anna Karenina''. He is buried nearby. Tolstoy called Yasnaya Polyana his "inaccessible literary stronghold".#Massie, Massie, p. 308 In June 1921, the estate was nationalized and formally became the State Memorial and Nature Reserve "Museum-Estate of L. N. Tolstoy — 'Yasnaya Polyana'" (:ru:%D0%AF%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F %D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0, Ясная Поляна). It was at first run by Alexandra Tolstaya, the writer's daughter. As of 2023, the director of the museum was Ekaterina Tolstaya, the wife of Tolstoy's great-great-grandson (and former museum director, 1994–2012) Vladimir Tolstoy. The museum contains Tolstoy's personal effects and m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leo Tolstoy Bibliography
This is a list of works by Russian writer Leo Tolstoy (1828–1910), including his novels, novellas, short stories, fables and parables, plays, and nonfiction. Prose fiction Novels *The Autobiographical Trilogy **''Childhood'' (''Детство'', 1852) **'' Boyhood'' (''Отрочество'', 1854) **''Youth'' (''Юность'', 1857) * ''Cossacks'' (''Казаки'', 1852–1863) *''War and Peace'' (''Война и мир'', 1864–1869, rev. 1873) *''Anna Karenina'' (''Анна Каренина'', 1873–1877) *''Resurrection'' (''Воскресение'', 1889–1899) Novellas * '' Landowner's Morning'' (''Утро помещика'', 1856) * '' Two Hussars'' (''Два гусара'', 1856) * '' Family Happiness'' (''Семейное счастье'', 1859) * '' Polikúshka'' (''Поликушка'', 1860) * '' Death of Ivan Ilyich'' (''Смерть Ивана Ильича'', 1882–1886) * '' Walk in the Light While There is Light'' (''Ходите в свете, пока ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christian Anarchism
Christian anarchism is a Christian movement in political theology that claims anarchism is inherent in Christianity and the Gospels. It is grounded in the belief that there is only one source of authority to which Christians are ultimately answerable—the authority of God as embodied in the teachings of Jesus. It therefore rejects the idea that human governments have ultimate authority over human societies. Christian anarchists denounce the state, believing it is violent, deceitful and idolatrous. Christian anarchists hold that the "Kingdom of God" is the proper expression of the relationship between God and humanity. Under the "Kingdom of God", human relationships would be characterized by horizontal organization, servant leadership, and universal compassion—not through the traditional structures of organized religion, which most Christian anarchists consider hierarchical and/or authoritarian structures. Most Christian anarchists are also pacifists who reject war, militar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sevastopol Sketches
The ''Sevastopol Sketches'' (Reforms of Russian orthography, pre-reform ; post-reform ), translated into English as ''Sebastopol Sketches'' or ''Sebastopol Stories'' or ''Sevastopol Sketches or Stories'', are three short stories by Leo Tolstoy published in 1855 to record his experiences during the Siege of Sevastopol (1854–1855), previous year's siege of Sevastopol in Crimea. These brief "sketches" formed the basis of many episodes in Tolstoy's most famous novel, ''War and Peace''. Sketches ''Sevastopol in December'' In ''Sevastopol in December'', Tolstoy uses second-person narrative (with the pronoun "you") in an introductory tour of life in Sevastopol. The detailed tour is arguably similar to one Tolstoy may have been given upon arrival in Sevastopol in November 1854. As part of the tour, the narrator takes you through the dressing-station or makeshift hospital in the Assembly Hall. Here you find wounded soldiers, amputees, "some of them on camp beds, but most of them lying o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Childhood (Tolstoy Novel)
''Childhood'' ( pre-reform Russian: ; post-reform ) is the first published novel by Leo Tolstoy, released under the initials L. N. in the November 1852 issue of the popular Russian literary journal '' The Contemporary''. It is the first in a series of three novels, followed by '' Boyhood'' and ''Youth''. Published when Tolstoy was just twenty-three years old, the book was an immediate success. It earned Tolstoy notice from other Russian novelists including Ivan Turgenev Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev ( ; rus, links=no, Иван Сергеевич ТургеневIn Turgenev's day, his name was written ., p=ɪˈvan sʲɪrˈɡʲe(j)ɪvʲɪtɕ tʊrˈɡʲenʲɪf; – ) was a Russian novelist, short story writer, poe ..., who heralded the young Tolstoy as a major up-and-coming figure in Russian literature. ''Childhood'' explores the inner life of a young boy, Nikolenka. It is one of the books in Russian writing to explore an expressionistic style, mixing fact, fiction, and emotio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boyhood (novel)
''Boyhood'' (, ''Otrochestvo'') is the second novel in Leo Tolstoy's autobiographical trilogy, following ''Childhood'' and followed by ''Youth Youth is the time of life when one is young. The word, youth, can also mean the time between childhood and adulthood (Maturity (psychological), maturity), but it can also refer to one's peak, in terms of health or the period of life known as bei ...''. The novel was first published in the Russian literary journal '' Sovremennik'' in 1854. Later in life, Tolstoy expressed his unhappiness with the book. See also Leo Tolstoy bibliography External links (trans. by C.J. Hogarth) * References 1854 Russian novels Novels by Leo Tolstoy Russian autobiographical novels Works originally published in Sovremennik {{1850s-autobio-novel-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Youth (Tolstoy Novel)
''Youth'' ( 'Yunost''' 1857) is the third novel in Leo Tolstoy's autobiographical trilogy, following ''Childhood A child () is a human being between the stages of childbirth, birth and puberty, or between the Development of the human body, developmental period of infancy and puberty. The term may also refer to an unborn human being. In English-speaking ...'' and '' Boyhood''. It was first published in the popular Russian literary magazine '' Sovremennik''. Later in life, Tolstoy expressed his unhappiness with this book and the second in the trilogy, '' Boyhood''. See also Leo Tolstoy bibliography References External links * 1857 novels Russian autobiographical novels Novels by Leo Tolstoy {{1850s-autobio-novel-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pacifism
Pacifism is the opposition to war or violence. The word ''pacifism'' was coined by the French peace campaigner Émile Arnaud and adopted by other peace activists at the tenth Universal Peace Congress in Glasgow in 1901. A related term is ''ahimsa'' (to do no harm), which is a core philosophy in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism. While modern connotations are recent, having been explicated since the 19th century, ancient references abound. In modern times, interest was revived by Leo Tolstoy in his late works, particularly in '' The Kingdom of God Is Within You''. Mahatma Gandhi propounded the practice of steadfast nonviolent opposition which he called " satyagraha", instrumental in its role in the Indian independence movement. Its effectiveness served as inspiration to Martin Luther King Jr., James Lawson, Mary and Charles Beard, James Bevel, Thích Nhất Hạnh,"Searching for the Enemy of Man", in Nhat Nanh, Ho Huu Tuong, Tam Ich, Bui Giang, Pham Cong Thien. ''Dialog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crimean War
The Crimean War was fought between the Russian Empire and an alliance of the Ottoman Empire, the Second French Empire, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and the Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861), Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont from October 1853 to February 1856. Geopolitical causes of the war included the "Eastern question" (Decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire, the decline of the Ottoman Empire, the "sick man of Europe"), expansion of Imperial Russia in the preceding Russo-Turkish wars, and the British and French preference to preserve the Ottoman Empire to maintain the European balance of power, balance of power in the Concert of Europe. The flashpoint was a dispute between France and Russia over the rights of Catholic Church, Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Church, Orthodox minorities in Palestine (region), Palestine. After the Sublime Porte refused Nicholas I of Russia, Tsar Nicholas I's demand that the Empire's Orthodox subjects were to be placed unde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lev Tolstoy (rural Locality)
Lev Tolstoy () is a rural locality (a settlement) and the administrative center of Lev-Tolstovsky District of Lipetsk Oblast, Russia.Law #382-OZ Population: Until 1932 it was known as Astapovo. History Astapovo railway station, built in 1891 on the intersection of the Kozlov– Volovo and Moscow–Yelets routes, was named after a nearby '' selo'' of Astapovo (), which was founded later than the mid-17th century.Pospelov, p. 29 The name derives from the masculine first name Ostap. The Russian writer Leo Tolstoy Count Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy Tolstoy pronounced his first name as , which corresponds to the romanization ''Lyov''. () (; ,Throughout Tolstoy's whole life, his name was written as using Reforms of Russian orthography#The post-revolution re ... fell ill at the Astapovo station and died here on November 20, 1910. To commemorate this event, the station was renamed Lva Tolstogo () in 1918. In 1932, the name of the station and of the settlement was chan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kazan Federal University
Kazan Federal University (; ) is a public research university located in Kazan, Russia. The university was founded in 1804 as Imperial Kazan University, which makes it the second oldest continuously existing tertiary education institution in Russia. Founder of non-Euclidean geometry Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky served there as the rector from 1827 until 1846. In 1925, the university was renamed in honour of its student Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (Lenin). The university is known as the birthplace of organic chemistry due to works by Aleksandr Butlerov, Vladimir Markovnikov, Aleksandr Arbuzov, and the birthplace of electron spin resonance discovered by Evgeny Zavoisky. In 2011, Kazan University received a federal status. It is also one of 18 Russian universities that were initially selected to participate in the Project 5-100, coordinated by the Government of the Russian Federation and aimed to improve their international competitiveness among the world's leading research and e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
