|
Todor Zhivkov
Todor Hristov Zhivkov ( ; 7 September 1911 – 5 August 1998) was a Bulgarians, Bulgarian communist statesman who served as the ''de facto'' leader of the People's Republic of Bulgaria (PRB) from 1954 until 1989 as General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Bulgarian Communist Party. He was the second longest-serving leader in the Eastern Bloc, the longest-serving leader within the Warsaw Pact and the longest-serving non-royal ruler in Bulgarian history. During World War II, Zhivkov participated in Bulgarian resistance movement during World War II, Bulgaria's resistance movement in the People's Liberation Insurgent Army. In 1943, he was involved in organising the Chavdar Partisan Brigade in and around his place of birth, becoming deputy commander of the :bg:Първа Софийска въстаническа оперативна зона, Sofia operations area in the summer of 1944. Under his rule, many fellow former combatants with Chavdar were to rise to positions of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
General Secretary Of The Bulgarian Communist Party
A general officer is an officer of high rank in the armies, and in some nations' air and space forces, marines or naval infantry. In some usages, the term "general officer" refers to a rank above colonel."general, adj. and n.". OED Online. March 2021. Oxford University Press. https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/77489?rskey=dCKrg4&result=1 (accessed May 11, 2021) The adjective ''general'' had been affixed to officer designations since the late medieval period to indicate relative superiority or an extended jurisdiction. French Revolutionary system Arab system Other variations Other nomenclatures for general officers include the titles and ranks: * Adjutant general * Commandant-general * Inspector general * General-in-chief * General of the Air Force (USAF only) * General of the Armies of the United States (of America), a title created for General John J. Pershing, and subsequently granted posthumously to George Washington and Ulysses S. Grant * (" general ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1934 Bulgarian Coup D'état
The Bulgarian coup d'état of 1934, also known as the 19 May coup d'état (, ''Devetnadesetomayski prevrat''), was a ''coup d'état'' in the Kingdom of Bulgaria carried out by the '' Zveno'' military organization and the Military Union with the aid of the Bulgarian Army. It overthrew the government of the wide Popular Bloc coalition and replaced it with one under Kimon Georgiev. History The Popular Bloc, which had held power since 1931, consisted of the Democratic Party, Bulgarian Agrarian National Union (BANU) " Vrabcha 1", the National Liberal Party and the Radical Democratic Party. Although it did not abolish the restrictive laws introduced by the former government of the Democratic Accord and it did not change the way the police functioned, it was met with hostility from right-wing forces such as the Military Union (led by Damyan Velchev), Zveno and Aleksandar Tsankov's National Social Movement, of which the most active were the Zveno activists. After a Military Un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bulgaria
Bulgaria, officially the Republic of Bulgaria, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern portion of the Balkans directly south of the Danube river and west of the Black Sea. Bulgaria is bordered by Greece and Turkey to the south, Serbia and North Macedonia to the west, and Romania to the north. It covers a territory of and is the tenth largest within the European Union and the List of European countries by area, sixteenth-largest country in Europe by area. Sofia is the nation's capital and List of cities and towns in Bulgaria, largest city; other major cities include Burgas, Plovdiv, and Varna, Bulgaria, Varna. One of the earliest societies in the lands of modern-day Bulgaria was the Karanovo culture (6,500 BC). In the 6th to 3rd century BC, the region was a battleground for ancient Thracians, Persians, Celts and Ancient Macedonians, Macedonians; stability came when the Roman Empire conquered the region in AD 45. After the Roman state splintered, trib ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Sofia Echo
''The Sofia Echo'' was a national English-language weekly newspaper published out of Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria, between 1997 and 2012, when it moved to online-only operation at SofiaEcho.com. The website ceased updating a year later. History and profile The ''Sofia Echo'' began publishing in April 1997, generally targeted at the Bulgarian expatriate community. The newspaper was published by Sofia Echo Media Ltd. A majority stake in the company was bought in 2007 by Bulgarian publisher Economedia. The newspaper was distributed in major Sofia hotels, in outlets throughout the country, as well as in the OMV, Lukoil and Shell petrol station A filling station (also known as a gas station [] or petrol station []) is a facility that sells fuel and engine lubricants for motor vehicles. The most common fuels sold are gasoline (or petrol) and diesel fuel. Fuel dispensers are used to ...s and the Billa (supermarket), Billa hypermarkets. From 2005 on, articles from the weekl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Prime Ministers Of Bulgaria
This is a list of the head of government, heads of government of the modern Bulgarian state, from the establishment of the Principality of Bulgaria to the present day. List of officeholders Principality of Bulgaria (1878–1908) Tsardom of Bulgaria (1908–1946), Tsardom of Bulgaria (1908–1946) ;Governments: * * * * * * * * People's Republic of Bulgaria (1946–1990) ;Governments: * Bulgaria, Republic of Bulgaria (1990–present) ;Governments: * * * * * Timeline See also * Government of Bulgaria * History of Bulgaria * Politics of Bulgaria * List of Bulgarian monarchs * President of Bulgaria * List of heads of state of Bulgaria * List of presidents of Bulgaria (1990–present) * Prime Minister of Bulgaria Footnotes References {{Prime ministers of Bulgaria Lists of prime ministers by country, Bulgaria Prime ministers of Bulgaria, *List Lists of political office-holders in Bulgaria, Prime ministers of Bulgaria Bulgaria history-related list ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1944 Bulgarian Coup D'état
The 1944 Bulgarian coup d'état, also known as the 9 September coup d'état (), was a coup that overthrew the government of Kingdom of Bulgaria on the eve of 9 September 1944. During the People's Republic of Bulgaria it was called using the propaganda term People's Uprising of 9 September – on the grounds of the broad unrest and Socialist Revolution – as it was a turning point politically and the beginning of radical reforms towards Soviet-style socialism. In brief Bulgaria was in a precarious situation, still in the sphere of Nazi Germany's influence (as a former member of the Axis powers, with German troops in the country despite the declared Bulgarian neutrality 15 days earlier), but under threat of war with the leading military power of that time, the Soviet Union (the USSR had declared war on the Kingdom of Bulgaria 4 days earlier and units of its Third Russian Front of the Red Army had entered Bulgaria 3 days after), and with demonstrations, strikes, revolts in man ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chavdar Partisan Brigade
The Chavdar Partisan Brigade was a subdivision of the First Sofia Insurgent Operational Zone of the People's Liberation Insurgent Army (NOVA) during the Bulgarian resistance movement during World War II (1941–1944). It operated in the vicinity of Novo Selo, Botevgrad, Pirdop, Etropole and Yakoruda. The 'brigade' started out at the size of a detachment, but by 1944 had grown to Battalion size, it was only towards the end of its existence that it was the size of an actual brigade. It was incorporated into the Fatherland Front shortly after. History The first partisan group in the area of Murgash Peak was established in the autumn of 1941. After its expansion in September 1942, it formed the Chavdar Partisan Brigade. The first Brigade commander was Tone Perenovski, the political commissar was Dobri Dzhurov, and the deputy commander was Ivan Shonev. It was divided into two detachments - "Bacho Kiro" and "Boycho Ognyanov". In October 1943, a confer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People's Liberation Insurgent Army
The People's Liberation Insurgent Army (NOVA; ) was the partisan resistance organization of the communist movement in Bulgaria during the Second World War from March 1943 to 9 September 1944. It was the largest resistance organization of Bulgaria during the Second World War. Background and structure The partisan movement in Bulgaria appeared in the second half of 1941 and consisted of multiple separate partisan detachments. Political leadership the partisan detachments was exercised by the Politburo of the Bulgarian Communist Party. It was operationally managed by the Central Military Commission of the BCP with Commander Tsvyatko Radoinov and members Hristo Mihailov, Boyan Balgaranov, Petar Mihailov, Gocho Grozev, Georgi Minchev, Ivan Maslarov, Dimo Dichev. Among the collaborators were Anton Ivanov, Anton Yugov, Petar Bogdanov, Nikola Vaptsarov, Anton Popov, Atanas Romanov. The victory of the Soviet troops at Stalingrad aroused great enthusiasm among the leaders and particip ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bulgarian Resistance Movement During World War II
The Bulgarian Resistance () was part of the anti-Axis resistance during World War II. It consisted of armed and unarmed actions of resistance groups against the Wehrmacht forces in Bulgaria and the Tsardom of Bulgaria authorities. It was mainly communist and pro-Soviet Union. Participants in the armed resistance were called ''partizanin'' (a partisan) and ''yatak'' (a helper, or a supporter, someone who provides cover for someone else). Background The Communists had long despised the pro-German policy of Prime Minister Bogdan Filov and even campaigned in 1940 for a political pact with Moscow (the Sobolev action). German forces entered Bulgaria on 1–2 March 1941 as a result of Bulgaria's adhesion to the Axis. The Bulgarian Communist Party (BCP) declared this to be a "fatal move" and once again called for a union with the USSR. On 6 March 1941 Georgi Dimitrov called on the people of Bulgaria to start resistance against the Germans. Before the German invasion of the USSR, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the world's countries participated, with many nations mobilising all resources in pursuit of total war. Tanks in World War II, Tanks and Air warfare of World War II, aircraft played major roles, enabling the strategic bombing of cities and delivery of the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, first and only nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II is the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflict in history, causing World War II casualties, the death of 70 to 85 million people, more than half of whom were civilians. Millions died in genocides, including the Holocaust, and by massacres, starvation, and disease. After the Allied victory, Allied-occupied Germany, Germany, Allied-occupied Austria, Austria, Occupation of Japan, Japan, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
