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Tjaru
Tjaru () was an ancient Egyptian fortress on the ''Way of Horus'' or ''Horus military road'', the major road leading out of Egypt into Canaan. It was known in Greek as Selē (), in Latin as Sile or Sele, and in Coptic as Selē or Slē (). It has been suggested that its remains form the Tel el-Habua near Qantarah.Ian Shaw, ''The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt'', Oxford University Press 2000, , p.200 Barry J. Kemp, ''Ancient Egypt: Anatomy of a Civilization'', Routledge 2005, , p.25 History The Horus of Mesen was worshipped at Tjaru in the form of a lion, and because of its close theological connections to Edfu, it is sometimes referred to as the Edfu of Lower Egypt. Tjaru, being a frontier town in an inhospitable desert region, was a place of banishment for criminals. Horemheb in his Great Edict threatens as punishment for various crimes by officials disfigurement and banishment to Tjaru. References in the Amarna letters Silu is referenced twice in one letter of the 382&ndas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Šuta
Šuta, (''"Shuta"''), was an Egyptian commissioner of the 1350– 1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence. The name ''Šuta'' is a hypocoristicon-(nickname/petname) for the Ancient Egyptian god Seth, (Seth being the "God of the Desert", and an 'anti-Horus' god-(duality, Horus/Seth)). The following letters are referenced to commissioner Šuta, ( EA for 'el Amarna'): :#EA 234—Title: ''"Like Magdalu in Egypt"''– Satatna of Akka/Acre, Israel letter. :#EA 288—Title: ''"Benign neglect"''–Abdi-Heba letter. See: Tjaru. The 2 letters of commissioner: ''Šuta'' EA 288, ''"Benign neglect"'' Abdi-Heba's letters, to the Egyptian pharaoh, are of moderate length, and topically discuss the intrigues of the cities, that are adjacent to Jerusalem, (a region named: Upu). Letter EA 288: (Abdi-Heba no. 4 of 6) :Say the king-(i.e. pharaoh), my lord, y Su: ssage of 'Abdi-Heba, your servant. I fall at the feet of the king, my lord, 7 times and 7 times. Behold, the king, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edict Of Horemheb
The Edict of Horemheb also known as the Great Edict of Horemheb is an ancient Egyptian legal document commissioned by pharaoh Horemheb. It is the most prominent document from his reign aside from his coronation inscription. The artifact characterizes itself as a direct dictate from Horemheb himself to his scribes. The document is intended to address corrupt power abuses and strengthen Horemheb's regime. The text outlines penalties for authority misuse, corruption, harsh armed forces penalties, judicial reform, and personal security measures. It also establishes capital punishment for corrupt law officials. Notably, Horemheb's Edict introduces the criminal punishment of rhinotomy, cutting off one's nose, to Ancient Egypt, as it was not known there before this. This is the origin of why the ancient location, Tharu, mentioned in Horemheb's Edict as a region of exile, was referred to as Rhinocorura by later Ancient Greek authors. Horemheb is regarded as building the city. Discover ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tel Habuwa
Tel Habuwa (also Tell Habua) is an archaeological site in Lower Egypt, located 3 kilometers from the Suez Canal in the Ismailia Governorate. It was suggested by scholars that this is the Ancient Egyptian Eastern-border city called Tjaru from the Middle Kingdom of Egypt. The site consists of three sectors, labelled Tel Habuwa I, II and III. Tel Habuwa I dates from the end of the Second Intermediate Period, up to the Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt, 26th Dynasty. Tel Habuwa II dates to the beginning of the New Kingdom of Egypt, New Kingdom and also up to the 26th Dynasty. Tel Habuwa III seems to be mainly New Kingdom settlement remains. The 2013 excavations in the site had unearthed the remains of buildings from Thutmoses III and Seti I's reigns and beneath them what seems to be a two stories tall administration buildings and silos from the Hyksos period. These buildings associated with the Hyksos were heavily burnt. The silos in Tel Habuwa could store up to 280 tons of grains, which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Murray (publishing House)
John Murray is a Scottish publisher, known for the authors it has published in its long history including Jane Austen, Arthur Conan Doyle, Lord Byron, Charles Lyell, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Herman Melville, Edward Whymper, Thomas Robert Malthus, David Ricardo, and Charles Darwin. Since 2004, it has been owned by conglomerate Lagardère Group, Lagardère under the Hachette Livre, Hachette UK brand. History The business was founded in London, England, in 1768 by John Murray (1737–1793), an Edinburgh-born Royal Marines officer, who built up a list of authors including Isaac D'Israeli and published the ''English Review (18th century), English Review''. John Murray the elder was one of the founding sponsors of the London evening newspaper ''The Star (1788), The Star'' in 1788. He was succeeded by his son John Murray II, who made the publishing house important and influential. He was a friend of many leading writers of the day and launched the ''Quarterly Review'' in 180 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
City Gate
A city gate is a gate which is, or was, set within a city wall. It is a type of fortified gateway. Uses City gates were traditionally built to provide a point of controlled access to and departure from a walled city for people, vehicles, goods and animals. Depending on their historical context they filled functions relating to defense, security, health, trade, taxation, and representation, and were correspondingly staffed by military or municipal authorities. The city gate was also commonly used to display diverse kinds of public information such as announcements, tax and toll schedules, standards of local measures, and legal texts. It could be heavily fortified, ornamented with Escutcheon (heraldry), heraldic shields, sculpture or inscriptions, or used as a location for warning or intimidation, for example by displaying the heads of Capital punishment, beheaded criminals or public enemies. Notably in Denmark, many market towns used to have at least one city gate mostly as part ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ship
A ship is a large watercraft, vessel that travels the world's oceans and other Waterway, navigable waterways, carrying cargo or passengers, or in support of specialized missions, such as defense, research and fishing. Ships are generally distinguished from boats, based on size, shape, load capacity and purpose. Ships have supported Geographic exploration, exploration, Global trade, trade, Naval warfare, warfare, Human migration, migration, colonization, and science. Ship transport is responsible for the largest portion of world commerce. The word ''ship'' has meant, depending on the era and the context, either just a large vessel or specifically a Full-rigged ship, ship-rigged sailing ship with three or more masts, each of which is Square rig, square-rigged. The earliest historical evidence of boats is found in Egypt during the 4th millennium BCE. In 2024, ships had a global cargo capacity of 2.4 billion tons, with the three largest classes being ships carrying dry bulk (43%), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Greeting-gift (Šulmānī)
The greeting-gift (Šulmānī) were gifts, or ''presents'' exchanged between Kings, and rulers of the 1350 BC–1335 BC Amarna letters Text corpus, correspondence. They are notable in the 382–letter Text corpus, corpus for the variety of the gifts, as well as the involvement of the individuals exchanging the gifts, (their motives). The "greeting-gifts" were "peace-offerings" between the rulers, and were a function of intrigues, and country/political relationships, or regional 'country'/kingdom relationships. An example of a discussion of a greeting-gift exchange can be found at one of the authors of the Amarna letters, Zita (Hittite prince). Letter EA 44 is presented, (EA for 'el Amarna'), as an example of the term's usage. Other notable exchanges of greeting-gifts were with Tushratta of Mittani, Assyria, the King of Ugarit-(letter EA 49, by Niqmaddu II), and the King of Babylon. See also *Amarna letters *Zita (Hittite prince) References *William L. Moran, Moran, Willia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Commissioner
A commissioner (commonly abbreviated as Comm'r) is, in principle, a member of a commission or an individual who has been given a commission (official charge or authority to do something). In practice, the title of commissioner has evolved to include a variety of senior officials, often sitting on a specific commission. In particular, the commissioner frequently refers to senior police or government officials. A high commissioner is equivalent to an ambassador, originally between the United Kingdom and the Dominions and now between all Commonwealth states, whether Commonwealth realms, republics or countries having a monarch other than that of the realms. The title is sometimes given to senior officials in the private sector; for instance, many North American sports leagues. There is some confusion between commissioners and commissaries because other European languages use the same word for both. Therefore titles such as ''commissaire'' in French, ''Kommissar'' in German and '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Slave
Slavery is the ownership of a person as property, especially in regards to their labour. Slavery typically involves compulsory work, with the slave's location of work and residence dictated by the party that holds them in bondage. Enslavement is the placement of a person into slavery, and the person is called a slave or an enslaved person (see ). Many historical cases of enslavement occurred as a result of breaking the law, becoming indebted, suffering a military defeat, or exploitation for cheaper labor; other forms of slavery were instituted along demographic lines such as Racism, race or sex. Slaves would be kept in bondage for life, or for a fixed period of time after which they would be Manumission, granted freedom. Although slavery is usually involuntary and involves coercion, there are also cases where people voluntary slavery, voluntarily enter into slavery to pay a debt or earn money due to poverty. In the course of human history, slavery was a typical feature of civ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
