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Third Battle Of Panipat
The Third Battle of Panipat took place on 14 January 1761 between the Maratha Empire and the invading army of the Durrani Empire. The battle took place in and around the city of Panipat, approximately north of Delhi. The Afghan (ethnonym), Afghans were supported by three key allies in Indian subcontinent, India: Najib ad-Dawlah, Najib ud-Daula who persuaded the support of the Rohilla chiefs, elements of the declining Mughal Empire, and most prized the Oudh State under Shuja-ud-Daula. Several high ranking nobles of the Mughal Empire were able to persuade Chand kingdom, Maharaja Deep Chand of the Kingdom of Kumaon, an old Himalayas, Himalayan ally of the Mughal Empire, to support the Afghan (ethnonym), Afghan side in the battle. The Maratha army was led by Sadashivrao Bhau, who was third-highest authority of the Maratha Confederacy after the Chhatrapati and the Peshwa. The bulk of the Maratha army was stationed in the Deccan Plateau with the Peshwa. Militarily, the battle pitted ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Disruptive Editing
Disruption, disruptive, or disrupted may refer to: Business *Creative disruption, disruption concept in a creative context, introduced in 1992 by TBWA's chairman Jean-Marie Dru *Disruptive innovation, Clayton Christensen's theory of industry disruption by new technology or products Psychology and sociology *Disruptive behavior disorders, a class of mental health disorders *Disruptive physician, a physician whose obnoxious behaviour upsets patients or other staff *Social disruption, a radical alteration, transformation, dysfunction or breakdown of social life Arts and Entertainment *''The Disruption'', a 1996 EP by Cursive discography#EPs, Cursive *The Disruption (Succession), "The Disruption" (''Succession''), TV episode Other uses *Cell disruption is a method or process in cell biology for releasing biological molecules from inside a cell *''Disrupted: My Misadventure in the Start Up Bubble'', a 2016 book by Daniel Lyons *Disruption (adoption) is also the term for the cancellat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Kumaon
The kingdom of Kumaon ( ; Kumaoni: कुमाऊं राज्य; Tibetan: ཀུ་མའོ་རྒྱལ་ཕྲན།; HT: Kumāū̃; , also anglicised as ''Kemaon''), also known as Kurmanchal (कूर्मांचल), was a Himalayan kingdom that existed for nearly 1200 years. The kingdom was established by Vasu Dev of the Katyuri dynasty in the 7th Century after he unified many small principalities. After the fall of the Katyuris in the 11th century and about three centuries of fragmentation, the Chand dynasty managed to reunify Kumaon in the middle of the 15th Century. They shifted the capital from Kartikeyapura ( Baijnath) to Champawat in the 12th Century, and finally to Almora in 1563. During their rule Kumaon was spread sovereign from river Tons to river Karnali. The kingdom of Kumaon had also accepted the suzerainty of the Mughal Empire and paid tribute to them as the writings of Abul Fazl state that from the reign of Rudra Chand onwards, Kuma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nawab Ali Mohammad Khan Khakwani
Ali Mohammad Khan Khakwani was the Durrani governor of Multan, with several interruptions, between 1752 and 1767. Ethnically from the Pashtun Khakwani tribe, he was appointed as the Nawab of Multan by Ahmad Shah Abdali after his invasion in 1752. His rule was interrupted by Maratha invasion in 1758 and Ali Muhammad Khan was forced to flee, however, he returned in 1760 along with Ahmed Shah and was reinstated. After a brief interval he was deposed and replaced with Shuja Khan, but Ali Muhammad Khan took up arms against Shuja Khan and put him into prison after deposing him. Ultimately Ali Muhammad Khan was arrested and executed by Ahmad Shah Abdali in 1767. He is known for building the Ali Muhammad Khan Mosque Ali Muhammad Khan Mosque, also referred to as Wali Muhammad Mosque, or Masjid Wali Muhammad, is a historic mosque in Multan, Punjab, Pakistan, that is currently under administration of the Auqaf Department. History Ali Muhammad Khan Mosque was er ... in the Chowk bazaar, M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Najabat Khan
Najabat Khan ( 17 October 1760) was an Afghan warrior of the 18th century, and founder of a line of chiefs of Kunjpura which he was granted by Nader Shah in 1739 and the titlehood "Nawab". Najabat Khan was killed during the Battle of Kunjpura at his fort on 17 October 1760 by the Maratha Army led by Ibrahim Khan Gardi during preparations for the Third Battle of Panipat. Early life Najabat Khan was born in the region of Ghorghushti in the Chach plains northeast of Attock, in the area along the upper parts of the Indo-Gangetic Plain that correspond to what is just nearby to the Hazara region. Having left the valley, he set out to the eastern parts of the Indo-Gangetic Plain to seek his fortunes. Najabat Khan entered into the service of the Mughal governor of Punjab, who was then Zakariya Khan, until he was made an imperial commander within the Mughal Army and obtained a tract in Karnal. During the decisive Battle of Karnal, he betrayed the Mughals and aided Nader Shah during hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jahan Khan (Afghan General)
Sardar Jahan Khan, better known simply as Jahan Khan, was the war minister and commander-in-chief (Sipah-Salar) under Ahmad Shah Durrani. In 1747, Ahmad Shah Durrani formed the Durrani Empire after he was elected as Afghan king in Kandahar by local chiefs. Sardar Jahan Khan was appointed as the army general in chief and honoured with the title of Mir Bazan and Khān-i-Khānān.The Kingdom of Afghanistan. A Historical Sketch' (1911) by G.P. Tate, Member of the Asiatic Society Jahan Khan partook in the various Durrani campaigns in Khorasan and in India, including the famous Third Battle of Panipat The Third Battle of Panipat took place on 14 January 1761 between the Maratha Empire and the invading army of the Durrani Empire. The battle took place in and around the city of Panipat, approximately north of Delhi. The Afghan (ethnonym), Af .... Jahan Khan died on 14 March 1770 due to a colic attack. References {{notelist Pashtun military personnel 18th-century generals C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Timur Shah Durrani
Timur Shah Durrani (; ;), also known as Timur Shah Abdali or Taimur Shah Abdali (December 1746 – 20 May 1793) was the second ruler of the Afghan Durrani Empire, from November 1772 until his death in 1793. An ethnic Pashtun, he was the second eldest son of Ahmad Shah Durrani. Early life (1746–1772) Timur Shah was born in December 1746, in Mashhad. He received the city of Sirhind as a wedding gift under his governorship, and was later given the title of Viceroy of Punjab, Kashmir and the Sirhind district in 1757 (when he was only 11 years old), by his father Ahmad Shah Durrani for one year, from May 1757 until April 1758. Ahmad Shah Durrani had immediately appointed Toryal Khan Afridi, the eldest son of his army's commander and his most trustworthy soldier, Awalmir Khan Afridi, to teach horseback riding and swordsmanship to Timur. Toryal Khan Afridi also had the responsibility for the safety and protection of Timur, so he continuously stayed with Timur in the royal palace. R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Heads Of State Of Afghanistan
This article lists the Head of state, heads of state of Afghanistan since the foundation of the first modern Afghan (ethnonym), Afghan state, the Hotak dynasty, Hotak Empire, in 1709. History The Hotak Empire was formed after a successful uprising led by Mirwais Hotak and other Afghan tribal chiefs from the Kandahar Loy Kandahar, region against Mughal Empire, Mughal and Safavid Iran, Safavid Persian rule. After a long series of wars, the Hotak Empire was eventually replaced by the Durrani dynasty, Durrani Durrani Empire, Afghan Empire, founded by Ahmad Shah Durrani in 1747. After the collapse of the Durrani Empire in 1823, the Barakzai dynasty founded the Emirate of Kabul, later known as the Emirate of Afghanistan. The Durrani dynasty regained power in 1839, during the First Anglo-Afghan War, when former ruler Shah Shujah Durrani seized the throne under the British Empire, British auspices. Shah Shujah was assassinated in 1842, following the British 1842 retreat from Kabu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahmad Shah Durrani
Ahmad Shāh Durrānī (; ; – 4 June 1772), also known as Ahmad Shāh Abdālī (), was the first ruler and founder of the Durrani Empire. He is often regarded as the founder of modern Afghanistan. Throughout his reign, Ahmad Shah fought over fifteen major military campaigns. Nine of them being centered in India, three in Khorasan province, Khorasan, and three in Afghan Turkestan. Having rarely lost a battle, historians widely recognize Ahmad Shah as a brilliant military leader and tactician, typically being compared to rulers such as Mahmud of Ghazni, Babur, and as well as Nader Shah. Historian Hari Ram Gupta refers to Ahmad Shah as the "greatest general of Asia of his time", as well as one of the greatest conquerors in Asian history. Name and title His birth name was Ahmad Khan, born into the Durrani, Abdali tribe. After his accession to power in 1747, he became known as Ahmad Shah. His tribe also changed the name from Abdali, instead becoming the Durrani. Afghans often ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baroda State
Baroda State was a kingdom within the Maratha Confederacy and later a princely state in present-day Gujarat. It was ruled by the Gaekwad dynasty from its formation in 1721 until its accession to the newly formed Dominion of India. With the city of Baroda ( Vadodara) as its capital, its relations with the British Raj authorities were managed by the Baroda Residency. The revenue of the state in 1901 was Rs. 13,661,000. Baroda merged into the Dominion of India on 1 May 1949, before which an interim government was formed in the state. History Early history Baroda derives its native name ''Vadodara'' from the Sanskrit word ''vatodara'', meaning 'in the heart of the Banyan (''Vata'') tree. It also has another name, ''Virakshetra'' or ''Virawati'' (land of warriors), mentioned alongside ''Vadodara'' by the 17th century Gujarati poet Premanand Bhatt, native to the city. Its name has been mentioned as ''Brodera'' by early English travellers and merchants, from which its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gwalior State
The Gwalior State was a List of Maratha dynasties and states, state within the Maratha Confederacy located in Central India. It was ruled by the Scindia, House of Scindia (anglicized from Sendrak), a Hindu Maratha Confederacy, Maratha dynasty. Following the dissolution of the Confederacy, it became part of the Central India Agency of the Indian Empire (1876–1947), Indian Empire under British protection. The state was entitled to a 21-Salute state, gun salute when it became a princely state of the British Raj, India. It took its (later) name from the old town of Gwalior, which, although not its first capital, was an important place because of its strategic location and the strength of Gwalior Fort, its fort; it became later its capital, after Daulat Rao Sindhia built its palace in the village of Gwalior#Lashkar Subcity, Lashkar, near the fort. The state was founded in the early 18th century by Ranoji Sindhia, as part of the Maratha Confederacy. The administration of Ujjain was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indore State
Indore State was a kingdom within the Maratha Confederacy ruled by the Maratha Holkar, Holkar dynasty. After 1857, Indore became a 19-Salute state, gun salute princely state within the Central India Agency of the Indian Empire (1876–1947), Indian Empire under British protection. Indore State was located in the present-day Indian state of Madhya Pradesh, with its capital at the city of Indore. The state had an area of 24,605 km2 and a population of 1,325,089 in 1931. Other important towns besides Indore were Rampura, Neemuch, Rampura, Khargone, Maheshwar, Mehidpur, Barwaha, and Bhanpura; there were a total of 3,368 villages. History By 1720, the headquarters of the local pargana was transferred from Kampel, Indore, Kampel to Indore due to the increasing commercial activity in the city. On 18 May 1724, the ''Nizam'' accepted the rights of the Maratha Peshwa Bajirao I, Baji Rao I to collect chauth (taxes) from the area. In 1733, the Peshwa assumed full control of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peshwa
The Peshwa was the second highest office in the Maratha Empire, next in rank and prestige only to that of the Chhatrapati. Initially serving as the appointed prime minister in the Maratha Kingdom, the office became hereditary when Shahu gave the seat of Peshwa to Bajirao I, Bajirao Ballal. During the reign of Shahu, the office of Peshwa grew in power and the Peshwas came to be the ''de facto'' rulers of the Maratha Confederacy. Eventually, the Chhatrapati title became titular and the main heads were the Peshwas according to the Sangola pact. All Peshwas during the rule of Shivaji, Sambhaji and Rajaram I, Rajaram belonged to Marathi people, Marathi Deshastha Brahmin community. The first Peshwa was Moropant Trimbak Pingle, Moropant Pingle, who was appointed as the head of the Ashta Pradhan (council of eight ministers) by Shivaji, the founder of the Maratha Kingdom. The initial Peshwas were all ministers who served as the chief executives to the king. The later Peshwas held the h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
