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Theodor Koch-Grünberg
Theodor Koch-Grünberg (April 9, 1872, in Grünberg, Hesse, German Empire (1849), German Empire – October 8, 1924, in Caracaraí, Brazil) was a German ethnologist and explorer who travelled and studied the Indigenous peoples in South America, in particular the Pemon Indians, Pemon of Venezuela and other indigenous peoples in the Amazon Basin, Amazon region extending South-Western Brazil and a large part of the Vaupés region in Colombia. The 2015 film ''El abrazo de la serpiente'' (''Embrace of the Serpent'') fictionalizes his illness and final days based on his journals. Life and work Early life Christian Theodor Koch was born in Grünberg. Following his studying humanities at the University of Tübingen. He then taught at schools in the state of Hessen. In 1896, he travelled to Brazil for the first time as a volunteer member of an expedition led by Hermann Meyer in search of the source of the Xingu River, a tributary of the Amazon River. In 1901 he resigned from school te ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Casiquiare
The Casiquiare river or canal () is a natural distributary of the upper Orinoco flowing southward into the Rio Negro, in Venezuela, South America. As such, it forms a unique natural canal between the Orinoco and Amazon river systems. It is the world's largest river of the kind that links two major river systems, a so-called bifurcation. The area forms a water divide, more dramatically at regional flood stage. Etymology The name ''Casiquiare'', first used in that form by Manuel Román, likely derives from the Ye'kuana language name of the river, ''Kashishiwadi''. Discovery The first European to describe it was Spanish Jesuit missionary and explorer Cristóbal Diatristán de Acuña in 1639. In 1744 a Jesuit priest named Manuel Román, while ascending the Orinoco River in the region of La Esmeralda, met some Portuguese slave-traders from the settlements on the Rio Negro. The Portuguese insisted they were not in Spanish territory but on a tributary of the Amazon; they invited ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amazonas (Venezuelan State)
Amazonas State (, ) is one of States of Venezuela, the 23 states into which Venezuela is divided. It covers nearly a fifth of the area of Venezuela, but has less than 1% of Venezuela's population. The state capital is Puerto Ayacucho. The capital until the early 1900s was San Fernando de Atabapo. Although named after the Amazon River, most of the state is drained by the Orinoco River. Amazonas State covers 176,899 km2 and, in 2007, had a population of 142,200. Its density is 0.8 inhabitants per km2. Amazonas has Venezuela's highest proportion of Indigenous peoples in Venezuela, indigenous peoples of Venezuela; these make up only around 1.5% of the population nationwide, but the proportion is nearly 50% in Amazonas. Etymology ''Amazonas'' is from ''Amazons'', a word of Greek language, Greek origin that was identified with a race of female warriors who lived in the Sarmatians, Asian Sarmacia, beyond the Caucasus. The name was assigned to the state on June 2, 1856, in honor o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
San Fernando De Atabapo
San Fernando de Atabapo is a town in southern Venezuela on the border with Colombia. It was the capital city of the Amazonas state until the early 1900s. The population in 1997 was approximately 5,000. In the early twentieth century it was ruled for a long time by Tomás Funes, a powerful caudillo who controlled the local rubber industry (derived from indigenous rubber plants) by enslaving the local native populations. His power eventually became great enough to threaten the Venezuelan authorities and he was ultimately executed in the town square in the early 1930s. The town displays a photograph of a United States military aircraft that was shot down and crashed into the Orinoco River around this time. A Venezuelan National Guard The Bolivarian National Guard of Venezuela ( - GNB), is a gendarmerie component of the National Bolivarian Armed Forces of Venezuela, National Armed Forces of Venezuela. The national guard can serve as gendarmerie, perform civil defense roles, or . ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orinoco River
The Orinoco () is one of the longest rivers in South America at . Its drainage basin, sometimes known as the Orinoquia, covers approximately 1 million km2, with 65% of it in Venezuela and 35% in Colombia. It is the List of rivers by discharge, fourth largest river in the world by Discharge (hydrology), discharge volume of water (39,000 m3/s at Orinoco Delta, delta) due to the high precipitation throughout its catchment area (ca 2,300 mm/a). The Orinoco River and its tributaries are the major transportation system for eastern and interior Venezuela and the Llanos of Colombia. The environment and wildlife in the Orinoco's basin are extremely diverse. Etymology The river's name is derived from the Warao language, Warao term for "a place to paddle", itself derived from the terms ''güiri'' (paddle) and ''noko'' (place) i.e. a navigable place. History The mouth of the Orinoco River at the Atlantic Ocean was documented by Christopher Columbus on 1 August 1498, during his Christo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ventuari River
The Ventuari River is the largest tributary of the Orinoco in southern Venezuela. The Ventuari flows from south-central Venezuela in the Guiana Highlands southwest into the Orinoco River. It is long and its major tributary is the Manapiare River. The river drains the Guayanan Highlands moist forests ecoregion. The Ventuari River is the largest clearwater tributary of the Orinoco. , 470 fish species were known from the river, including several endemics, and a few new species have been described from the river since then. References * Hitchcock, Charles B. ''La región Orinoco Ventuari''. Relato de la Expedición Phelps al Cerro Yaví. Caracas: Ministerio de Educación Nacional, Imprenta El Compás, 1984 (Translated from an older English Edition: ''The Orinoco - Ventuari Region''. American Geographical Society, 1947). * Koch-Grünberg, Theodor. ''Vom Roraima zum Orinoco''. 1917. Reissued by Cambridge University Press Cambridge University Press was the university press o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caura River (Venezuela)
The Caura, is a tributary of the Orinoco River, located in Bolívar State in Venezuela. Its flow is the second after the Caroni River among the affluents of the Orinoco River, with almost . The river is inhabited by both the Ye'kuana and Sanema indigenous groups. Basin The river drains the Guayanan Highlands moist forests ecoregion. The Caura River is about long. Its major tributary is the Erebato. Both rivers emerge from the Jaua- Sarisariñama Plateau, more than above sea level). The Caura is navigable up to Pará Falls (Salto Pará), an impressive waterfall formed by two branches of the river with an island in the middle Both branches have some rapids and join in one of the most remarkable waterfalls in the Orinoco basin, not because of its height, but because of the impressive flow of water. The Caura is a blackwater river, like the Caroní, the Ventuari River The Ventuari River is the largest tributary of the Orinoco in southern Venezuela. The Ventuari flows from so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sierra Parima
The Parima Mountains (Spanish: Sierra Parima, Portuguese: Serra Parima) are a mountain range of the Guiana Shield in South America. The Parima Mountains are located in the western part of the Guiana Shield, there they run for approximately in a north–south direction in the border area of Brazil and Venezuela. They reach a maximum elevation of and form the divide between the watersheds of the Amazon and the Orinoco. All the water on their western side drains into the Orinoco, which rises itself in the Parima Mountains as well. All the water on their eastern side drains into the Branco River, which ultimately empties into the Rio Negro, which in turn empties into the Amazon. The Parima Mountains belong to the settlement areas of the Yanomami. See also * Parima Tapirapecó National Park Parima Tapirapecó National Park (''Parque Nacional Parima Tapirapecó'') is a Venezuelan national park in the southern state of Amazonas. Location The Parima Tapirapecó National Park is i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pemon
The Pemon or Pemón (Pemong) are Indigenous people living in areas of Venezuela, Brazil, and Guyana.See pp.112,113 and 178 of ''Venezuela: the Pemon'', in '' Condé Nast Traveler'', December 2008. The Pemon people are divided into many dialects and traditions, which are Arekuna, Kamarakoto, and Taurepang. People The Pemon are part of the larger Cariban language family, and include six groups including the Arekuna, Ingarikó, Kamarakoto, Tualipang, Mapoyo and Macushi/Makushi (Macuxi or Makuxi in Brazil). While ethnographic data on these groups are scant, Iris Myers produced one of the most detailed accounts of the Makushi in the 1940s, and her work is heavily relied upon for comparisons between historical and contemporary Makushi life. The Pemon were first encountered by westerners in the 18th century and converted by missionaries to Christianity. Their society is based on trade and considered egalitarian and decentralized, and in Venezuela, funding from petrodollars have help ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monte Roraima
Mount Roraima (; ) is the highest of the Pacaraima chain of tepuis (table-top mountain) or plateaux in South America. It is located at the junction of Brazil, Guyana and Venezuela. A characteristic large flat-topped mountain surrounded by cliffs high. The highest point of Mount Roraima is located on the southern edge of the cliff at an elevation of in Venezuela, and another protrusion at an elevation of at the junction of the three countries in the north of the plateau is the highest point in Guyana. The name Mount Roraima came from the native Pemon people. ''Roroi'' in the Pemon language means "blue-green", and ''ma'' means "great". Leaching caused by intense rainfall has shaped the peculiar topography of the summit, and the geographical isolation of Mount Roraima has made it home to much endemic flora and fauna. Western exploration of Mount Roraima did not begin until the 19th century, when it was first climbed by a British expedition in 1884. Yet despite subsequent expediti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Branco River
The Branco River (; Engl: ''White River'') is the principal affluent of the Rio Negro from the north. Basin The river drains the Guayanan Highlands moist forests ecoregion. It is enriched by many streams from the Tepui highlands which separate Venezuela and Guyana from Brazil. Its two upper main tributaries are the Uraricoera and the Takutu. The latter almost links its sources with those of the Essequibo; during floods headwaters of the Branco and those of the Essequibo are connected, allowing a level of exchange in the aquatic fauna (such as fish) between the two systems. The Branco flows nearly south, and finds its way into the Negro through several channels and a chain of lagoons similar to those of the latter river. It is long, up to its Uraricoera confluence. It has numerous islands, and, above its mouth, it is broken by a bad series of rapids. Discharge Average, minimum and maximum discharge of the Branco River at near mouth. Period from 1998 to 2022. Water ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
