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The Devil's Coach Horses
"The Devil's Coach Horses" is a 1925 philological essay by J. R. R. Tolkien (" devil's coach horse" is the common name of a kind of rove beetle). Tolkien draws attention to the devil's steeds called ''eaueres'' in '' Hali Meidhad'', translated "boar" in the Early English Text Society edition of 1922, but in reference to the ''jumenta'' "yoked team, draught horse" of Joel (), in the Vulgata Clementina ''computruerunt jumenta in stercore suo''. Rather than from the Old English word for "boar", ''eofor'' (German ''Eber'') Tolkien derives the word from ''eafor'' "packhorse", from a verb ''aferian'' "transport", related to Middle English ''aver'' "draught-horse", a word surviving in northern dialects. The Proto-Germanic root ''*ab-'' "energy, vigour, labour" of the word is cognate to Latin ''opus Opus (: opera Opera is a form of History of theatre#European theatre, Western theatre in which music is a fundamental component and dramatic roles are taken by Singing, singers. Such ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Staphylinus
''Staphylinus'' is a genus of large rove beetles in the family Staphylinidae. There are more than 50 described species in ''Staphylinus''. Species These 58 species belong to the genus ''Staphylinus'': * '' Staphylinus agarici'' O.Müller, 1776 * '' Staphylinus anceps'' Runde, 1835 * '' Staphylinus angustatus'' Schrank, 1781 * ''Staphylinus aquisextanus'' Oustalet, 1874 * ''Staphylinus arnicae'' Scopoli, 1763 * ''Staphylinus atavus'' Heer, 1862 * '' Staphylinus bimaculatus'' Cameron, 1932 * '' Staphylinus caesareus'' Cederhjelm, 1798 * ''Staphylinus calvus'' Oustalet, 1874 * '' Staphylinus cantharellus'' Linnaeus, 1767 * ''Staphylinus carinthiacus'' Laporte de Castelnau, 1840 * '' Staphylinus compressus'' Geoffroy, 1785 * '' Staphylinus cursor'' Grimmer, 1841 * '' Staphylinus cyanipennis'' Runde, 1835 * '' Staphylinus daimio'' Sharp, 1889 * ''Staphylinus dimidiaticornis'' Gemminger, 1851 * '' Staphylinus domicellus'' Schrank, 1781 * '' Staphylinus erythropterus'' Linnæus, 1758 * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philological
Philology () is the study of language in oral and written historical sources. It is the intersection of textual criticism, literary criticism, history, and linguistics with strong ties to etymology. Philology is also defined as the study of literary texts and oral and written records, the establishment of their authenticity and their original form, and the determination of their meaning. A person who pursues this kind of study is known as a philologist. In older usage, especially British, philology is more general, covering comparative and historical linguistics. Classical philology studies classical languages. Classical philology principally originated from the Library of Pergamum and the Library of Alexandria around the fourth century BC, continued by Greeks and Romans throughout the Roman and Byzantine Empire. It was eventually resumed by European scholars of the Renaissance, where it was soon joined by philologies of other European ( Romance, Germanic, Celtic, S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Devil's Coach Horse
The devil's coach-horse beetle (''Ocypus olens'') is a species of beetle belonging to the large family of the rove beetles (Staphylinidae). It was originally included in the genus ''Staphylinus'' in 1764, and some authors and biologists still use this classification. Etymology The Latin species name ''olens'', meaning "smelling", refers to the two white stinking glands on the abdomen. This beetle has been associated with the Devil since the Middle Ages, hence its common name, which has been used at least since 1840. Other names include devil's footman, devil's coachman, and devil's steed. It is sometimes also known as the cock-tail beetle for its habit of raising its abdomen. One dictionary suggested that the name developed in parallelism with ''ladybird'' and its Norse cognates. In Irish, the beetle is called ' or '. The Irish also called it "the coffin cutter." British folklore has it that a beetle has eaten the core of Eve's apple, and that a person who crushes such a beetle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rove Beetle
The rove beetles are a family (biology), family (Staphylinidae) of beetles, primarily distinguished by their short elytra (wing covers) that typically leave more than half of their abdominal segments exposed. With over 66,000 species in thousands of genera, the group is one of the largest families in the beetle order, and one of the largest families of organisms. It is an ancient group that first appeared during the Middle Jurassic based on definitive records of fossilized rove beetles, with the Late Triassic taxon ''Leehermania'' more likely belonging to Myxophaga. They are an ecologically and morphologically diverse group of beetles, and commonly encountered in terrestrial ecosystems. One well-known species is the devil's coach-horse beetle (''Ocypus olens''). For some other species, see List of rove beetle (Staphylinidae) species recorded in Britain, list of British rove beetles. Anatomy As might be expected for such a large family, considerable variation exists among the spe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Review Of English Studies
''The Review of English Studies'' is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering English literature and language from the earliest period to the present and published by Oxford University Press. ''RES'' is a "leading scholarly journal of English literature and the English language" whose critical " phasis is on historical scholarship rather than interpretative criticism, though fresh readings of authors and texts are also offered in light of newly discovered sources or new interpretation of known material." Its current editors are Colin Burrow (University of Oxford), Juliette Atkinson (University College London), Philip Connell (University of Cambridge), Fiona Green (University of Cambridge) and Daniel Wakelin (University of Oxford The University of Oxford is a collegiate university, collegiate research university in Oxford, England. There is evidence of teaching as early as 1096, making it the oldest university in the English-speaking world and the List of oldest un ...). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford. It is the largest university press in the world. Its first book was printed in Oxford in 1478, with the Press officially granted the legal right to print books by decree in 1586. It is the second-oldest university press after Cambridge University Press, which was founded in 1534. It is a department of the University of Oxford. It is governed by a group of 15 academics, the Delegates of the Press, appointed by the Vice Chancellor, vice-chancellor of the University of Oxford. The Delegates of the Press are led by the Secretary to the Delegates, who serves as OUP's chief executive and as its major representative on other university bodies. Oxford University Press has had a similar governance structure since the 17th century. The press is located on Walton Street, Oxford, Walton Street, Oxford, opposite Somerville College, Oxford, Somerville College, in the inner suburb of Jericho, Oxford, Jericho. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hali Meidhad
The Katherine Group is a collection of five 13th-century Middle English texts composed by an anonymous author of the English West Midlands, in a variety of Middle English known as AB language. The texts are all addressed to anchoresses (religious recluses) and praise the virtue of virginity. The texts * The sermon ''Hali Meiðhad'' ("holy maidenhood"), directed at anchoresses or recluses, praising the virtues of virginity over worldly marriage. It was written in ca. 1182–1198 in the West Midlands of England. * The allegory '' Sawles Warde'' ("refuge of the souls") * ''Seinte Juliene'', life of Juliana of Nicomedia * ''Seinte Margarete'', life of Margaret of Antioch * ''Seinte Katherine'', life of Catherine of Alexandria. All five texts are preserved in the manuscript Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodley 34. All except ''Hali Meiðhad'' are also in British Library, Royal 17 A XXVII. Additionally, British Library Cotton Titus D XVIII has ''Sawles Warde'', ''Seinte Katherine'' and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Early English Text Society
The Early English Text Society (EETS) is a text publication society founded in 1864 which is dedicated to the editing and publication of early English texts, especially those only available in manuscript. Most of its volumes contain editions of Middle English or Old English texts. It is known for being the first to print many important English manuscripts, including Cotton Nero A.x, which contains ''Pearl'', '' Sir Gawain and the Green Knight'', and other poems. History The Society was founded in England in 1864 by Frederick James Furnivall. Its stated goal was "on the one hand, to print all that is most valuable of the yet unprinted in English, and, on the other, to re-edit and reprint all that is most valuable in printed English books, which from their scarcity or price are not within the reach of the student of moderate means." In 1921 Mabel Day became the assistant director of the EETS. She is remembered for her work with the EETS and with Sir Israel Gollancz who was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Book Of Joel
The Book of Joel (Hebrew language, Hebrew: ספר יוֹאֵל ''Sefer Yo'él'') is a Judaism, Jewish prophetic text containing a series of "divine announcements". The first line attributes authorship to "Joel the son of Pethuel". It forms part of the Book of the twelve minor prophets or the Nevi'im ("Prophets") in the Hebrew Bible, and is a book in its own right in the Christian Old Testament where it has three chapters. In the New Testament, his prophecy of the outpouring of God's Holy Spirit upon all people was notably quoted by Saint Peter in his Pentecost sermon. The Book of Joel's frequent allusions to earlier Hebrew Bible texts and signs of literary development suggest a late origin and its potential to have been a unifying piece within the prophetic canon. Surviving early manuscripts The original text was written in Hebrew language. Some early manuscripts containing the text of this book in Biblical Hebrew, Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sixto-Clementine Vulgate
The Sixto-Clementine Vulgate or Clementine Vulgate () is an edition of the Latin Vulgate, the official Bible of the Roman Catholic Church. It was the second edition of the Vulgate to be formally authorized by the Catholic Church, the first being the Sixtine Vulgate. The Clementine Vulgate was promulgated in 1592 by Pope Clement VIII, hence its name. The Sixto-Clementine Vulgate was used officially in the Catholic Church until 1979, when the '' Nova Vulgata'' was promulgated by Pope John Paul II. The Clementine Vulgate is still in use in the 1962 missal and breviary of the Catholic Church. The Sixto-Clementine Vulgate is a revision of the Sixtine Vulgate; the latter had been published two years earlier under Sixtus V. Nine days after the death of Sixtus V, who had issued the Sixtine Vulgate, the College of Cardinals suspended the sale of the Sixtine Vulgate and later ordered the destruction of the copies. Thereafter, two commissions under Gregory XIV were in charge of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Journal Of Biblical Literature
The ''Journal of Biblical Literature'' (''JBL'') is one of three academic journal An academic journal (or scholarly journal or scientific journal) is a periodical publication in which Scholarly method, scholarship relating to a particular academic discipline is published. They serve as permanent and transparent forums for the ...s published by the Society of Biblical Literature (SBL). First published in 1881, ''JBL'' is the flagship journal of the field. ''JBL'' is published quarterly and includes scholarly articles, critical notes, and book reviews by members of the Society. ''JBL'' is available on line as well as in print. ''JBL'' has a moving window of Open Access. Aside from the current issue, the past three years of ''JBL'' are freely available to the public in PDF form after registering on the SBL website. Previous issues, back to 1881, are available in the JSTOR Arts and Sciences III collection." History The journal was originally published under the title ''Journal o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Society Of Biblical Literature
The Society of Biblical Literature (SBL), founded in 1880 as the Society of Biblical Literature and Exegesis, is an American-based learned society dedicated to the academic study of the Bible and related ancient literature. Its current stated mission is to "foster biblical scholarship". Membership is open to the public and consists of over 8,300 individuals from over 100 countries. As a scholarly organization, SBL has been a constituent society of the American Council of Learned Societies since 1929. History Calvin Stowe, husband of novelist Harriet Beecher Stowe, served as Professor of Biblical Literature at the innovative Lane Seminary—at the time one of the nation's leading seminaries—in the 1830s. The eight founders of the Society of Biblical Literature and Exegesis first met to discuss their new society in Philip Schaff's study in New York City in January 1880. In June of that year, the group had its first annual meeting with eighteen people in attendance. The new ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
