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The Cenotaph, Penang
The Cenotaph is a war memorial in George Town within the Malaysian state of Penang. Constructed in 1929, the memorial commemorates Allied servicemen who lost their lives during World War I. Located at the city's Esplanade, it serves as a venue for Remembrance Day ceremonies. History Construction and dedication In 1928, a war memorial dedicated to the casualties of World War I was proposed by G. D. A. Fletcher, chairman of the Ex-Services Association of Malaya (Penang branch), during a meeting of the association. The organisation aimed to have the memorial completed by Armistice Day that same year. The war memorial was funded through public subscriptions, donations, and events such as operas and balls. Initial estimates for the memorial's cost were $7,000 (Straits dollar), but expenses increased to $10,000 due to higher than expected ornamental costs. Ultimately, the total amount needed reached $12,000. Fundraising was slow and the total collected amounted to $12,513.52, wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George Town, Penang
George Town is the capital of the States and federal territories of Malaysia, Malaysian state of Penang. It is the core city of the George Town Conurbation, Malaysia's List of cities and towns in Malaysia by population#Largest metropolitan areas by population, second largest metropolitan area with a population of 2.84 million and the second largest metropolitan economy in the country. The city proper spans an area of encompassing Penang Island and surrounding islets, and had a population of 794,313 . Classified as a Globalization and World Cities Research Network#Gamma −, "Gamma −" city, the second highest in Malaysia after Kuala Lumpur, George Town is the commercial centre for northern Malaysia and one of the few World Bank high-income economy, high-income economies of the cities outside the Klang Valley. According to Euromonitor International and the Economist Intelligence Unit, George Town has the highest potential for revenue growth among all Malaysian cities and contr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Remembrance Day
Remembrance Day (also known as Poppy Day owing to the tradition of wearing a remembrance poppy) is a memorial day observed in Commonwealth of Nations, Commonwealth member states since the end of the First World War to honour armed forces members who have died in the line of duty. The day is also marked by war remembrances in several other non-Commonwealth countries. In most countries, Remembrance Day is observed on 11 November to recall the end of First World War hostilities. Hostilities ended "at the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month" of 1918, in accordance with Armistice with Germany (Compiègne), the armistice signed by representatives of Germany and the Entente between 5:12 and 5:20 that morning. ("At the 11th hour" refers to the ''passing'' of the 11th hour, or 11:00 am.) The First World War formally ended with the signing of the Treaty of Versailles on 28 June 1919. The tradition of Remembrance Day evolved out of Armistice Day. The initial Armistice Day ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malayan Union
The Malayan Union (; Jawi: كساتوان مالايا) was a union of the Malay states and the Straits Settlements of Penang and Malacca. It was the successor to British Malaya and was conceived to unify the Malay Peninsula under a single government to simplify administration. Following opposition by the ethnic Malays, the union was reorganised as the Federation of Malaya in 1948. Formation of the Malayan Union Prior to World War II, British Malaya consisted of three groups of polities: the protectorate of the Federated Malay States, five protected Unfederated Malay States and the crown colony of the Straits Settlements. On 1 April 1946, the Malayan Union officially came into existence with Sir Edward Gent as its governor, combining the Federated Malay States, Unfederated Malay States and the Straits Settlements of Penang and Malacca under one administration. The capital of the Union was Kuala Lumpur. The former Straits Settlement of Singapore was administered as a separa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Operation Jurist
Operation Jurist referred to the British recapture of Penang following Japan's surrender in 1945. Jurist was launched as part of Operation Zipper, the overall British plan to liberate Malaya, including Singapore. While a larger Allied fleet sailed on to Singapore through the Strait of Malacca, Malacca Strait under Operation Tiderace, a detachment of Royal Navy warships, led by Vice admiral (Royal Navy), Vice Admiral Harold Walker (Royal Navy officer), Harold Walker, moved towards Penang Island, arriving off the island on 28 August 1945. The Japanese garrison in Penang surrendered on 2 September and a party of Royal Marines, Royal Marine commandos landed on Penang Island the following day, thus returning Penang to British rule. Consequently, Penang became the first state in Malaya to be liberated by the British; Singapore would only be formally surrendered to the British on 12 September, while the rest of Malaya was subsequently liberated in the following weeks. Background Dur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Air Raids On Penang
Between 1944 and 1945, the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) and the Royal Air Force (RAF) conducted bombing and mining missions against Japanese occupation of Malaya, Japanese-occupied Penang. Carried out by long-range bombers based in British Raj, India, the raids aimed to disrupt maritime shipping in the northern Strait of Malacca and the use of Swettenham Pier, Penang's harbour as an Axis powers, Axis submarine base. While these Allied aerial missions effectively disrupted Japanese military logistics in the region, they also resulted in considerable damage to the urban landscape of George Town, Penang, George Town, Penang's capital city. Background In November 1944, the Royal Air Force, RAF's Strategic Air Force, based in India, was reconstituted to full operational strength with the return of the Seventh Bombardment Group and several squadrons equipped with Consolidated B-24 Liberators. The operations of the Strategic Air Force were subsequently expanded to include stra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japanese Occupation Of Malaya
Malaya, then under British administration,, was gradually occupied by Japanese forces between 8 December 1941 and the Allied surrender at Singapore on 15 February 1942. The Japanese remained in occupation until their surrender to the Allies in 1945. The first Japanese garrison in Malaya to lay down their arms was in Penang on 2 September 1945 aboard . Prelude The concept of a unified East Asia took form based on an Imperial Japanese Army concept that originated with Hachirō Arita, who served as Minister for Foreign Affairs from 1936 to 1940. The Japanese Army said the new Japanese empire was an Asian equivalent of the Monroe Doctrine, especially with the Roosevelt Corollary. The regions of Asia, it was argued, were as essential to Japan as Latin America was to the U.S. The Japanese Foreign Minister Yōsuke Matsuoka formally announced the idea of the Co-Prosperity Sphere on 1 August 1940, in a press interview,James L. McClain, ''Japan: A Modern History'' p. 470 but i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
God Save The King
"God Save the King" ("God Save the Queen" when the monarch is female) is ''de facto'' the national anthem of the United Kingdom. It is one of national anthems of New Zealand, two national anthems of New Zealand and the royal anthem of the Isle of Man, Australia, Canada and some other Commonwealth realms. The author of the tune is unknown and it may originate in plainchant, but an attribution to the composer John Bull (composer), John Bull has sometimes been made. Beyond its first verse, which is consistent, "God Save the King" has many historic and extant versions. Since its first publication, different verses have been added and taken away and, even today, different publications include various selections of verses in various orders. In general, only one verse is sung. Sometimes two verses are sung and, on certain occasions, three. The entire composition is the Honors music, musical salute for the British monarch and their Consort of the British monarch, royal consort, while ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Salute
The Roman salute, also known as the Fascist salute, is a gesture in which the right arm is fully extended, facing forward, with palm down and fingers touching. In some versions, the arm is raised upward at an angle; in others, it is held out parallel to the ground. In contemporary times, the former is commonly considered a symbol of fascism . According to an apocryphal legend, the fascist gesture was based on a customary greeting which was claimed to have been used in ancient Rome. However, no Roman text describes such a gesture, and the Roman works of art that display salutational gestures bear little resemblance to the modern "Roman" salute. Originating from Jacques-Louis David's painting '' The Oath of the Horatii'' (1784), the gesture quickly developed a historically inaccurate association with Roman republican and imperial culture. The gesture and its identification with Roman culture were further developed in other neoclassic artworks. In the United States, a simila ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blackshirts
The Voluntary Militia for National Security (, MVSN), commonly called the Blackshirts (, CCNN, singular: ) or (singular: ), was originally the paramilitary wing of the National Fascist Party, known as the Squadrismo, and after 1923 an all-volunteer militia of the Kingdom of Italy under Fascist Italy, Fascist rule, similar to the Sturmabteilung, SA. Its members were distinguished by their black uniforms (modelled on those of the ''Arditi'', Italy's elite troops of World War I) and their loyalty to Benito Mussolini, the ''Duce'' (leader) of Italian Fascism, Fascism, to whom they swore an oath. The founders of the paramilitary groups were nationalist intellectuals, former army officers and young landowners opposing peasants' and country labourers' unions. Their methods became harsher as Mussolini's power grew, and they used violence and intimidation against Mussolini's opponents.Bosworth, R.J.B. (2005). ''Mussolini's Italy: Life Under the Fascist Dictatorship, 1915–1945'' (Peng ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Rouse
"The Rouse" is a bugle call most often associated with the military in Commonwealth countries. It is commonly played following "Last Post" at military services. It is sometimes called the "Reveille" or the "Levet". Despite often being referred to by the name "Reveille", "The Rouse" is actually a separate piece of music from the traditional "Reveille". "The Rouse" was traditionally played following "Reveille", which was a bugle call played in the morning to wake soldiers up. "The Rouse" would be played to let soldiers know that they should already be out of bed. The use of both "Last Post" and "The Rouse" at cenotaph ceremonies in Commonwealth nations essentially turns the two-minute silence into a ritualized night vigil. The selection of "The Rouse" in the ceremony as assembled in the aftermath of the First World War also carries a subtle Christian reference to Judgement Day and the implied hope that there will be a day when the living and the dead arise together. Because of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Last Post
The "Last Post" is a British and Commonwealth bugle call used at military funerals, and at ceremonies commemorating those who have died in war. Versions The "Last Post" is either an A or a B♭ bugle call, primarily within British infantry and Australian infantry regiments, or a D or an E♭ cavalry trumpet call in British cavalry and Royal Regiment of Artillery ( Royal Horse Artillery and Royal Artillery). Its duration varies typically from a little over one minute to nearly three minutes. For ceremonial use, the "Last Post" is often followed by " The Rouse", or less frequently the longer " Reveille". The two regimental traditions have separate music for the call. While the B♭ infantry bugle version is better known, the E♭ cavalry trumpet version is used by the state trumpeters of the Household Cavalry. Origin The "First Post" call signals the start of the duty officer's inspection of a British Army camp's sentry posts, sounding a call at each one. First publ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Governors Of Penang
The Governor of Penang, officially Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Penang (') is the Ceremony, ceremonial head of state of the States and federal territories of Malaysia, Malaysian state of Penang. The role of governor is largely ceremonial with the power vested in the executive branch of the Government of Penang, state government led by the Chief Minister of Penang, chief minister. The Yang di-Pertua Negeri is styled Malay styles and titles, Tuan Yang Terutama (TYT) (''English: Excellency, His Excellency''). Until the 18th century, the Penang Island, island of Penang was part of the Kedah Sultanate, Sultanate of Kedah. In 1786, the island was ceded by the sultan of Kedah to the East India Company, Francis Light representing the company. Light renamed the island ''Prince of Wales Island''. In 1790, after suffering a military defeat at the hands of Light, Sultan Abdullah formally handed over the island to the British Empire, British. Light was appointed Superintendent of Prince of Wale ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
