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The Amitāyus Sutra
''The Amitāyus Sutra'' (Sanskrit), ; ''Sutra of Immeasurable Life Spoken by Buddha''; Vietnamese language, Vietnamese: ''Phật Thuyết Vô Lượng Thọ Kinh''; Japanese language, Japanese: ''Bussetsu Muryōju Kyō'' (Taishō Tripiṭaka, Taisho Tripitaka no. 360), also known as the ''Longer Sukhāvatīvyūha Sūtra,'' is one of the two India, Indian Mahayana sutras which describe the pure land of Amitābha (also known as Amitāyus, "Measureless Life"). Together with the ''Shorter Sukhāvatīvyūha Sūtra, Sukhāvatīvyūha Sūtra'', this text is highly influential in East Asian Buddhism. It is one of the three central scriptures of East Asian Pure Land Buddhism, and is widely revered and chanted by Pure Land Buddhists throughout Asia. The title is often translated in English as either the ''Sutra ''[on the Buddha]'' of Immeasurable Life'', or simply the ''Immeasurable Life Sutra''. History and translations Some scholars believe that the ''Longer Sukhāvatīvyūha Sūtra'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japanese Immeasurable Life Sūtra Book Pages
Japanese may refer to: * Something from or related to Japan, an island country in East Asia * Japanese language, spoken mainly in Japan * Japanese people, the ethnic group that identifies with Japan through ancestry or culture ** Japanese diaspora, Japanese emigrants and their descendants around the world * Japanese citizens, nationals of Japan under Japanese nationality law ** Foreign-born Japanese, naturalized citizens of Japan * Japanese writing system, consisting of kanji and kana * Japanese cuisine, the food and food culture of Japan See also * List of Japanese people * * Japonica (other) * Japanese studies , sometimes known as Japanology in Europe, is a sub-field of area studies or East Asian studies involved in social sciences and humanities research on Japan. It incorporates fields such as the study of Japanese language, history, culture, litera ... {{disambiguation Language and nationality disambiguation pages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prakrit
Prakrit ( ) is a group of vernacular classical Middle Indo-Aryan languages that were used in the Indian subcontinent from around the 5th century BCE to the 12th century CE. The term Prakrit is usually applied to the middle period of Middle Indo-Aryan languages, excluding Pali. The oldest stage of Middle Indo-Aryan language is attested in the inscriptions of Ashoka (ca. 260 BCE), as well as in the earliest forms of Pāli, the language of the Theravāda Buddhist canon. The most prominent form of Prakrit is Ardhamāgadhı̄, associated with the ancient kingdom of Magadha, in modern Bihar, and the subsequent Mauryan Empire. Mahāvı̄ra, the last tirthankar of 24 tirthankar of Jainism, was born in Magadha, and the earliest Jain texts were composed in Ardhamāgadhı̄. Etymology There are two major views concerning the way in which Sanskrit and Prakrit are related. One holds that the original matter in question is the speech of the common people, unadorned by grammar, and that p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Max Müller
Friedrich Max Müller (; 6 December 1823 – 28 October 1900) was a German-born British comparative philologist and oriental studies, Orientalist. He was one of the founders of the Western academic disciplines of Indology and religious studies. Müller wrote both scholarly and popular works on the subject of Indology. He directed the preparation of the ''Sacred Books of the East'', a 50-volume set of English translations which continued after his death. Müller became a professor at Oxford University, first of modern languages, then Diebold Professor of Comparative Philology, of comparative philology in a position founded for him, and which he held for the rest of his life. Early in his career he held strong views on India, believing that it needed to be transformed by Christianity. Later, his view became more nuanced, championing ancient Sanskrit literature and India more generally. He became involved in several controversies during his career: he was accused of being a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nepalese Scripts
Newari scripts ( Nepal Lipi: 𑐣𑐾𑐥𑐵𑐮 𑐁𑐏𑐮, Devanagari: नेपाल आखल) are a family of alphabetic writing systems employed historically in Nepal Mandala by the indigenous Newar people for primarily writing Nepal Bhasa. It is also used for transcribing Sanskrit and Pali. There are also some claims they have also been used to write the Parbatiya (Khas) language. These scripts were in widespread use from the 10th to the early 20th-century, but have since been largely supplanted by the modern script known as Devanagari. Of the older scripts, about 50,000 manuscripts written in Nepal Lipi have been archived. History Pre development Prior to development of Nepal Scripts, people in the Nepal Mandala used the following scripts which are shared within the South Asian region.Shakyavansha, Hemraj (1993, eighth edition). ''Nepalese Alphabet.'' Kathmandu: Mandas Lumanti Prakashan. * Brāhmī script – Ashoka period * Purva Licchavi Script – prior Li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jnanasutra
There appear to be two Jnanasutras, with different Tibetan orthographies for their names. The first, , flourished from the 5th-6th centuries. According to Dzogchen legends, he was an early Dzogchen practitioner of Vajrayāna Buddhism and a disciple of Sri Singha. This Jnanasutra was a spiritual brother of Vimalamitra, another principal disciple of Sri Singha. According to Tarthang Tulku (1980), the second ''Jnanasutra'' was the principal lotsawa () of the 8th-9th century of the first wave of translations from Sanskrit to Tibetan.Rhaldi, Sherab (undated). 'Ye-Shes-sDe; Tibetan Scholar and Saint'. ''Tibetan & Himalayan Digital Library''. Source(accessed: Wednesday April 1, 2009) In Jigme Lingpa's terma of the ngöndro In Tibetan Buddhism, Ngöndro (, ) refers to the preliminary, preparatory or foundational practices or disciplines (Sanskrit: sādhanā) common to all four schools of Tibetan Buddhism and also to Bon. They precede deity yoga. The preliminary pr ... of the Lon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jinamitra
Jinamitra was an Indian pandita who travelled to Samye in the Tibetan Empire to engage in translation, at the time of Trisong Detsen, in the eighth century CE. Jinamitra worked with Jñānagarbha and Devacandra to translate the ''Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra'' and was a famous lotsawa Lotsawa () is a Tibetan title used to refer to the Nyingma's ''Ancient Translation School'' of 108 Tibetan translators, which include Vairotsana, Rinchen Zangpo, Marpa Lotsawa, Tropu Lotsawa Jampa Pel and many others. They worked alongside In ... (translator). He is also known for his translation of the Avatamsaka Sutra from Sanskrit to Tibetan.{{cite book , last=Susumu , first=Otake , year=2007 , chapter=On the origin and early development of the Buddhāvataṃsaka Sūtra , editor-last=Hamar , editor-first=Imre , title=Reflecting Mirrors: Perspectives on Huayan Buddhism , publisher=Asiatische Forschungen Notes 6th-century Buddhists Tibetan Buddhists from India ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tibetic Languages
The Tibetic languages form a well-defined group of languages descending from Old Tibetan.Tournadre, Nicolas. 2014. "The Tibetic languages and their classification." In ''Trans-Himalayan linguistics, historical and descriptive linguistics of the Himalayan area''. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. According to Nicolas Tournadre, there are 50 Tibetic languages, which branch into more than 200 dialects, which could be grouped into eight dialect continua. These Tibetic languages are spoken in Tibet, Ladakh, Baltistan, Aksai Chin, Nepal, and in India in Himachal Pradesh, and Uttarakhand. Classical Tibetan is the major literary language, particularly for its use in Tibetan Buddhist scriptures and literature. Tibetan languages are spoken by some 6 million people, not all of whom are Tibetan.preprint With the worldwide spread of Tibetan Buddhism, the Tibetan language has also spread into the western world and can be found in many Buddhist publications and prayer materials, while western s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Faxian
Faxian (337–), formerly romanization of Chinese, romanized as Fa-hien and Fa-hsien, was a Han Chinese, Chinese Chinese Buddhism, Buddhist bhikkhu, monk and translator who traveled on foot from Eastern Jin dynasty, Jin China to medieval India to acquire Buddhist scriptures. His birth name was Gong Sehi. Starting his journey about age 60, he traveled west along the overland Silk Road, visiting Buddhist sites in Central Asia, Central, South Asia, South, and Southeast Asia. The journey and return took from 399 to 412, with 10 years spent in India. Faxian's account of his Buddhist pilgrimage, pilgrimage, the ''Foguoji'' or ''Record of the Buddhist Kingdoms'', is a notable independent record of early Buddhism in India. He returned to China with a large number of Sanskrit texts, whose translations greatly influenced East Asian Buddhism and provide a for many historical names, events, texts, and ideas therein. Biography Faxian was born in Shanxi in the 4th-century under the Later ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mahāratnakūṭa Sūtra
275px, A decorative page of a Korean copy of the Heap of Jewels Sutra The ''Mahāratnakūṭa Sūtra'' (Sanskrit; , Tib. ''dam-chos dkon-mchog-brtsegs-pa'') is a major ancient collection of Indian Mahāyāna Buddhist sūtras. It is also known simply as ''Ratnakūṭa Sūtra'' (), literally the ''Sutra of the Heap of Jewels'' in Sanskrit (''kūṭa'' means ‘accumulation’ or ‘heap’). The ''Mahāratnakūṭa'' contains many important Mahāyāna sūtras, like the ''Śrīmālā-devī-siṁhanāda'', the ''Maitreya-paripṛcchā'', ''Kāśyapa-parivarta,'' and the ''Sukhāvatīvyūha''. The ''Heap of Jewels'' collection exists in Chinese and Tibetan translations. It also gives its name to one of the main divisions of Mahayana sutras in the Chinese Buddhist canon and in the Tibetan Buddhist canon. Overview The ''Mahāratnakūṭa Sūtra'' contains 49 texts of varying length, which are termed "assemblies" by tradition. This collection includes the '' Śrīmālādevī ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buddhabhadra (translator)
Buddhabhadra () (359-429 CE) was a Mahayana, Mahayana Buddhist Buddhist meditation, meditation and Vinaya master.Lyapina, Sasha. Buddhabhadra and his Translation Team'Muller et al佛陀跋陀羅 [Buddhabhadra Digital Dictionary of Buddhism] He is most known for his prolific translation efforts of Buddhist texts from Sanskrit into Chinese language, Chinese, and was responsible for the first Chinese translation of the ''Avatamsaka Sutra, '' (''Flower Ornament Scripture'') in the 5th century. In China, he was popularly known as the "Meditation Master from India" (Tiānzhú chánshī 来自印度的冥想大师). Overview Buddhabhadra was a descendant of the Shakya, Śākya clan born in Nagarahāra (Ch. Nàhēlìchéng 那呵利城, modern Jalalabad, Jalal-Ābād in Afghanistan), which was a famous center of Sarvastivada at the time. Buddhabhadra was a student of the Kashmiris, Kashmiri meditation master Buddhasena, who was a Mahayana, Mahayanist and a Sarvastivadin. Buddhabhadra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
