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Thaumatrope
A thaumatrope is an optical toy that was introduced in 1825. When the strings attached to the small illustrated disk are twirled quickly between the fingers, the depicted elements on either side of the disk appear to blend into one image. It was explained as the result of visual impressions lingering in the mind for about one-eighth of a second after the image has been removed. Examples of common thaumatrope pictures include a bare tree on one side of the disk, and its leaves on the other, or a bird on one side and a cage on the other. Many classic thaumatropes also included riddles or short poems, with one line on each side. In addition to superimposing images, it's "persistence of vision" effect is a disputed explanation for the cause of illusory motion in stroboscopic animation and film. Thaumatropes can provide an illusion of motion with the two sides of the disc each depicting a different phase of the motion, but no examples are known to have been produced until long after ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Ayrton Paris
John Ayrton Paris, FRS (7 August 178524December 1856) was a British physician. He is a possible inventor of the thaumatrope, which he published with W. Phillips in April 1825. Life Paris made one of the earliest observations of occupational causes of cancer when, in 1822, he recognised that exposure to arsenic fumes might be contributing to the unusually high rate of scrotal skin cancer among men working in copper-smelting in Cornwall and Wales. He also wrote about accidents caused by explosives in mines and gave lectures on chemistry to the Royal Geological Society of Cornwall, serving as its first secretary. In 1844, he was elected president of the Royal College of Physicians, an office he held until his death. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in June 1821. Paris advocated for the use of scientifically assessed herbal preparations in medical treatment. The exact date and location of Paris's birth are uncertain, with some sources listing 7 August 1785, and othe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Persistence Of Vision
Persistence of vision is the optical illusion that occurs when the visual perception of an object does not cease for some time after the Light ray, rays of light proceeding from it have ceased to enter the eye. The illusion has also been described as "retinal persistence", "persistence of impressions", simply "persistence" and other variations. A very commonly given example of the phenomenon is the apparent fiery trail of a glowing coal or burning stick while it is whirled around in the dark. In recent theories about iconic memory, visual sensory memory, higher-level (cortical) informational persistence is considered a more relevant component of normal vision than the lower-level aspect of visible persistence. Many explanations of the illusion actually seem to describe Afterimage#Positive afterimages, positive afterimages and the neurological effect can be compared to the technological effect of motion blur in photography (or in film and video). "Persistence of vision" can a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Henry Fitton
William Henry Fitton (24 January 178013 May 1861) was an Irish physician and amateur geologist. Biography Fitton was born in Dublin and educated at Trinity College in that city. He gained the senior scholarship in 1798, and graduated in the following year. At this time he began to take an interest in geology and to form a collection of fossils. Having adopted the medical profession, he proceeded in 1808 to Edinburgh, where he attended the lectures of Robert Jameson, and thenceforth his interest in natural history and especially in geology steadily increased. He moved to London in 1809, where he studied medicine and chemistry. In 1811 he presented to the Geological Society of London a description of the geological structure of the vicinity of Dublin, with an account of some rare minerals found in Ireland. He took a medical practice at Northampton in 1812, and for some years the duties of his profession engrossed his time. He was admitted M.D. at Cambridge in 1816. In 1820, havi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BioShock Infinite
''BioShock Infinite'' is a first-person shooter video game developed by Irrational Games and published by 2K. The third installment of the ''BioShock'' series, ''Infinite'' was released worldwide for the PlayStation 3, Windows, Xbox 360, and OS X platforms in 2013. The game is set in the year 1912 and follows its protagonist, Booker DeWitt, who is sent to the airborne city Columbia to retrieve Elizabeth, a young woman held captive there. Booker and Elizabeth become involved in a class war between the nativist Founders that rule Columbia and the rebel Vox Populi, representing the city's underclass. Elizabeth possesses the ability to manipulate "Tears" in the space-time continuum, and Booker and Elizabeth discover she is central to Columbia's dark secrets. The player controls Booker DeWitt throughout the game, fighting enemies and scavenging supplies, while the computer-controlled Elizabeth provides assistance. After the 2007 release of '' BioShock'', Irrational Games a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hugo (film)
''Hugo'' is a 2011 American adventure film, adventure drama film directed and produced by Martin Scorsese, and adapted for the screen by John Logan (writer), John Logan. Based on Brian Selznick's 2007 book ''The Invention of Hugo Cabret'', it tells the story of a boy who lives alone in the Gare Montparnasse railway station in Paris in the 1930s, only to become embroiled in a mystery surrounding his late father's automaton and the pioneering filmmaker Georges Méliès. ''Hugo'' is Scorsese's first film shot in 3-D film, 3D, about which the filmmaker remarked, "I found 3D to be really interesting, because the actors were more upfront emotionally. Their slightest move, their slightest intention is picked up much more precisely." The film was released in the United States on November 23, 2011. Despite receiving considerable acclaim from critics, ''Hugo'' was a box office bomb, financial disappointment, grossing only $185 million against its estimated $150 million budget. The film re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Martin Scorsese
Martin Charles Scorsese ( , ; born November17, 1942) is an American filmmaker. One of the major figures of the New Hollywood era, he has received List of awards and nominations received by Martin Scorsese, many accolades, including an Academy Award, four British Academy Film Awards, BAFTA Awards, three Primetime Emmy Awards, Emmy Awards, a Grammy Award, and three Golden Globe Awards. Four of his films have been inducted into the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as "culturally, historically or aesthetically significant". Scorsese received a Master of Arts degree from New York University's Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development in 1968. His directorial debut, ''Who's That Knocking at My Door'' (1967), was accepted into the Chicago Film Festival. In the 1970s and 1980s, Martin Scorsese filmography, Scorsese's films, much influenced by his Italian Americans, Italian-American background and upbringing in New York City, centered on macho-pos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michael Caine
Sir Michael Caine (born Maurice Joseph Micklewhite, 14 March 1933) is a retired English actor. Known for his distinct Cockney accent, he has appeared in more than 160 films over Michael Caine filmography, a career that spanned eight decades and is considered a British cultural icon. He has received List of awards and nominations received by Michael Caine, numerous awards including two Academy Awards, a BAFTA Award, three Golden Globe Awards, and a Screen Actors Guild Award. As of 2017, the films in which Caine has appeared have grossed over $7.8 billion worldwide. Caine is one of only five male actors to be nominated for an Academy Award for acting in five different decades. In 2000, he received a BAFTA Fellowship and was Orders, decorations, and medals of the United Kingdom, knighted by Elizabeth II, Queen Elizabeth II. Often playing a Cockney, Caine made his breakthrough in the 1960s with starring roles in British films such as ''Zulu (1964 film), Zulu'' (1964), ''The Ipcress ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Prestige (film)
''The Prestige'' is a 2006 psychological thriller film directed by Christopher Nolan, who co-wrote the screenplay with Jonathan Nolan and is based on the 1995 novel by Christopher Priest. It stars Hugh Jackman as Robert Angier and Christian Bale as Alfred Borden, rival stage magicians in Victorian London who feud over a perfect teleportation illusion. The cast also features Michael Caine, Scarlett Johansson, Rebecca Hall, Andy Serkis, and David Bowie as Nikola Tesla. The film reunites Nolan with actors Bale and Caine from ''Batman Begins'' and returning cinematographer Wally Pfister, production designer Nathan Crowley, and editor Lee Smith. ''The Prestige'' was released on October 20, 2006 by Buena Vista Pictures Distribution through their Touchstone Pictures label in the United States and Canada and internationally by Warner Bros. Pictures, to positive reviews and grossed $109 million worldwide against a production budget of $40 million. It received Academy Awar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christopher Nolan
Sir Christopher Edward Nolan (born 30 July 1970) is a British and American filmmaker. Known for his Cinema of the United States, Hollywood Blockbuster (entertainment), blockbusters with complex storytelling, he is considered a leading filmmaker of the 21st century. Christopher Nolan filmography, Nolan's films have earned over $6.6 billion worldwide, making him the List of highest-grossing film directors, seventh-highest-grossing film director. List of awards and nominations received by Christopher Nolan, His accolades include two Academy Awards, a Golden Globe Award and two British Academy Film Awards. Nolan was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 2019, and received a Knight Bachelor, knighthood in 2024 for his contributions to film. Nolan developed an interest in filmmaking from a young age. After studying English literature at University College London, he made several short films before his feature film debut with ''Following'' (1998). Nolan ga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phenakistiscope
The phenakistiscope (also known by the spellings phénakisticope or phenakistoscope) was the first widespread animation device that created a fluid illusion of motion. Dubbed and ('stroboscopic discs') by its inventors, it has been known under many other names until the French product name became common (with alternative spellings). The phenakistiscope is regarded as one of the first forms of moving media entertainment that paved the way for the future motion picture and film industry. Similar to a GIF animation, it can only show a short continuous loop. Etymology and spelling When it was introduced in the French newspaper in June 1833, the term 'phénakisticope' was explained to be from the root Greek word ''phenakistikos'' (or rather from φενακίζειν ''phenakizein''), meaning "deceiving" or "cheating", and ὄψ ''óps'', meaning "eye" or "face", so it was probably intended loosely as 'optical deception' or 'optical illusion'. The term phénakisticope was f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johnny Depp
John Christopher Depp II (born June 9, 1963) is an American actor and musician. He is the recipient of List of awards and nominations received by Johnny Depp, multiple accolades, including a Golden Globe Award as well as nominations for three Academy Awards and two British Academy Film Awards. Johnny Depp filmography, His films, in which he has often played eccentric characters, have grossed over $10.8 billion worldwide. Depp began his career as a musician performing in several amateur rock bands before transitioning into film. He made his feature film debut in the horror film ''A Nightmare on Elm Street'' (1984) and appeared in ''Platoon (film), Platoon'' (1986), before rising to prominence as a teen idol on the television series ''21 Jump Street'' (1987–1990). In the 1990s, Depp portrayed lead roles in ''Arizona Dream'' (1993), ''What's Eating Gilbert Grape'' (1993), ''Benny & Joon'' (1993), ''Dead Man'' (1995) and title characters ''Ed Wood (film), Ed Wood'' (1994), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sleepy Hollow (film)
''Sleepy Hollow'' is a 1999 Gothic film, Gothic dark fantasy Horror fiction, supernatural horror film directed by Tim Burton. It is loosely based on Washington Irving's 1820 short story "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow", and stars Johnny Depp and Christina Ricci, with Miranda Richardson, Michael Gambon, Casper Van Dien, Christopher Lee, and Jeffrey Jones in supporting roles. The plot follows police constable Ichabod Crane (Depp) sent from New York City to investigate a series of murders in the village of Sleepy Hollow, New York, Sleepy Hollow by a mysterious Headless Horseman. Development began in 1993 at Paramount Pictures, with Kevin Yagher originally set to direct Andrew Kevin Walker's script as a low-budget slasher film. Disagreements with Paramount resulted in Yagher being demoted to prosthetic makeup designer, and Burton was hired to direct in June 1998. Filming took place from November 1998 to May 1999. The film was an international co-production between Germany and the United ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
