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Taubaté Agreement
The Taubaté Agreement (), was an agreement signed on 26 February 1906 during the First Brazilian Republic between the presidents of the states of Minas Gerais (Francisco Antônio de Sales), São Paulo (state), São Paulo (Jorge Tibiriçá Piratininga, Jorge Tibiriçá) and Rio de Janeiro (state), Rio de Janeiro (Nilo Peçanha), the main producers of coffee in Brazil. Foreseeing the harvest of a record crop, the agreement was signed in order to artificially maintain the high prices of coffee. Based on the principles of the , an intervention by the Federal government of Brazil was agreed for the benefit of the coffee growers in certain regions of the country. The agreement established minimum prices for the purchase of surplus coffee production by governments, that the export of inferior types of coffee was to be discouraged, the improvement of the advertising of Brazilian coffee abroad, the stimulation of domestic consumption and the restrictment of the expansion of coffee crops. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Panic Of 1893
The Panic of 1893 was an economic depression in the United States. It began in February 1893 and officially ended eight months later. The Panic of 1896 followed. It was the most serious economic depression in history until the Great Depression of the 1930s. The Panic of 1893 deeply affected every sector of the economy and produced political upheaval that led to the political realignment and the presidency of William McKinley. The panic climaxed with a run on gold from the United States Treasury. As part of the panic, on May 5, 1893, the Dow Jones Industrial Average fell 24% in a single day after the bankruptcy of National Cordage Company; this was the largest single day drop until the Great Depression. Unemployment rates in many states rose above 25% and poverty became widespread. Causes Causes of the panic include: * Baring crisis - Heavy investment in Argentina by Barings Bank followed by the 1890 wheat crop failure and the Revolution of the Park, a failed coup in Buenos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Minas Gerais
Minas Gerais () is one of the 27 federative units of Brazil, being the fourth largest state by area and the second largest in number of inhabitants with a population of 20,539,989 according to the 2022 census. Located in the Southeast Region of the country, it is bordered to south and southwest by São Paulo; Mato Grosso do Sul to the west; Goiás and the Federal District to the northwest; Bahia to the north and northeast; Espírito Santo to the east; and Rio de Janeiro to the southeast. The state's capital and largest city, Belo Horizonte, is a major urban and finance center in Brazil, being the sixth most populous municipality in the country while its metropolitan area ranks as the third largest in Brazil with just over 5.8 million inhabitants, after those of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. Minas Gerais' territory is subdivided into 853 municipalities, the largest number among Brazilian states. The state's terrain is quite rugged and some of Brazil's highest peaks are lo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Economic History Of Brazil
The economic history of Brazil covers various economic events and traces the changes in the Brazilian economy over the course of the history of Brazil. Portugal, which first colonized the area in the 16th century, enforced a colonial pact with Brazil, an imperial mercantile policy, which drove development for the subsequent three centuries.Charles C. Mueller and Werner Baer. "The economy". In . Independence was achieved in 1822. Slavery was fully abolished in 1888. Important structural transformations began in the 1930s, when important steps were taken to change Brazil into a modern, industrialized economy. A socioeconomic transformation took place rapidly after World War II. In the 1940s, only 31.3% of Brazil's 41.2 million inhabitants resided in towns and cities; by 1991, of the country's 146.9 million inhabitants 75.5% lived in cities, and Brazil had two of the world's largest metropolitan centers: São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. The share of the primary sector in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coffee With Milk Politics
Milk coffee politics or ''café com leite'' politics () is a term that refers to the oligarchic domination of Brazilian politics under the so-called Old Republic (1889–1930) by the landed gentries of São Paulo (dominated by the coffee industry) and Minas Gerais (dominated by the dairy industry), being represented by the Republican Party of São Paulo (PRP) and the Republican Party of Minas Gerais (PRM). The name alludes to the popular coffee beverage ''café com leite'', (), referring to the states' respectively dominant industry. History Under Brazil's Old Republic, the patron-client political machines of the countryside enabled agrarian oligarchs, especially coffee planters in the state of São Paulo, to dominate state structures to their advantage, particularly the weak central state structures that effectively devolved power to local agrarian oligarchies. Under the Old Republic, the coffee with milk politics rested on the domination of the republic's politics by t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coffee Production In Brazil
Brazil produces about a third of the world's coffee, making the country by far the world's largest producer. Coffee plantations, covering some , are mainly located in the southeastern states of Minas Gerais, São Paulo and Paraná where the environment and climate provide ideal growing conditions. The crop first arrived in Brazil in the 18th century, and the country had become the dominant producer by the 1840s. Brazilian coffee prospered since the early 19th century, when immigrants came to work in the coffee plantations. Production as a share of world coffee output peaked in the 1920s but has declined since the 1950s due to increased global production. History Coffee was not native to the Americas and had to be planted in the country. The first coffee bush in Brazil was planted by Francisco de Melo Palheta in Pará in 1727. According to the legend, the Portuguese were looking for a cut of the coffee market, but could not obtain seeds from bordering French Guiana due to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coffee King
Coffee King () was an informal title created in Brazil during the 19th century and used until the early 20th century. It was usually applied to the biggest coffee producer of a given period. In spite of the lack of consensus around the exact number of Coffee Kings, there are sources pointing to at least five of them: * * Henrique Dumont * * Carlos Leôncio de Magalhães * See also * Agriculture in Brazil * Coffee cycle * Coffee production in Brazil * Coffee with milk politics * Economic history of Brazil * '' Fazenda'', Brazilian plantations * Taubaté Agreement The Taubaté Agreement (), was an agreement signed on 26 February 1906 during the First Brazilian Republic between the presidents of the states of Minas Gerais (Francisco Antônio de Sales), São Paulo (state), São Paulo (Jorge Tibiriçá Pirat ... References History of agriculture in Brazil Coffee production 19th century in Brazil History of coffee {{Brazil-econ-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Getúlio Vargas
Getúlio Dornelles Vargas (; ; 19 April 1882 – 24 August 1954) was a Brazilian lawyer and politician who served as the 14th and 17th president of Brazil, from 1930 to 1945 and from 1951 until his suicide in 1954. Due to his long and controversial tenure as Brazil's provisional, constitutional, dictatorial and democratic leader, he is considered by historians as the most influential Brazilian politician of the 20th century. Born on 19 April 1882 in São Borja, Rio Grande do Sul, to a powerful local family, Vargas had a short stint in the Brazilian Army before entering law school. He began his political career as district attorney, soon becoming a state deputy prior to a brief departure from politics. After returning to the state Legislative Assembly, Vargas led troops during Rio Grande do Sul's 1923 civil war. He entered national politics as a member of the Chamber of Deputies. Afterward, Vargas served as Minister of Finance under president Washington Luís before resi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coffee Cycle
In Economic history of Brazil, Brazil's economic history, the coffee cycle () was a period in which coffee was the main export product of the Economy of Brazil, Brazilian economy. It began in the mid-19th century and ended in 1930. The coffee cycle succeeded the Brazilian Gold Rush, gold cycle, which had come to an end after the exhaustion of the mines a few decades earlier, and put an end to the economic crisis generated by this decadence. Coffee had been brought to Brazil in 1727, but was never produced in large scale, being cultivated mostly for domestic consumption. Its production lagged far behind that of other products. Coffee's rise was only due to a favorable internal and external scenario that made its cultivation advantageous. Coffee production developed rapidly throughout the 19th century, so that by the 1850s it was responsible for almost half of Brazil's exports. The Southeast Region, Brazil, Southeast region of the country was chosen for the plantations because it o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Celso Furtado
Celso Monteiro Furtado (July 26, 1920 – November 20, 2004) was a Brazilian economist and one of the most distinguished intellectuals of the 20th century. His work focuses on development and underdevelopment and on the persistence of poverty in peripheral countries throughout the world. He is viewed, along with Raúl Prebisch, as one of the main formulators of economic structuralism, an economics school that is largely identified with CEPAL, which achieved prominence in Latin America and other developing regions during the 1960s and 1970s and sought to stimulate economic development through governmental intervention, largely inspired on the views of John Maynard Keynes. As a politician, Furtado was appointed Minister of Planning ( Goulart government) and Minister of Culture ( Sarney government). Biography Born in Pombal, a city set in the semi-arid region of the state of Paraíba, Celso Furtado moved to Rio de Janeiro in 1939, to study law, and graduated from the Federal Univ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Afonso Pena
Afonso Augusto Moreira Pena (30 November 1847 – 14 June 1909), often referred to as Afonso Pena, was a Brazilian lawyer, professor, and politician who served as the sixth president of Brazil, from 1906 until his death in 1909. Pena was 1906 Brazilian presidential election, elected in 1906, the chosen successor of president Francisco de Paula Rodrigues Alves, Rodrigues Alves. Pena was the first politician from Minas Gerais to win the presidency, ending the series of politicians from São Paulo (state), São Paulo who had held the presidency since 1894. Before his presidency, he served as the 4th Vice President of Brazil, vice president of Brazil, under Rodrigues Alves (1903–1906) after the death of Silviano Brandão. Pena was a Monarchism in Brazil, monarchist. He was the only member of Pedro II of Brazil, Emperor Pedro II's cabinet to become president of Brazil and the first Brazilian president to die in office. Pena was born in Santa Bárbara, Minas Gerais, Santa Bárbara, M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
