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State Of Vietnam
The State of Vietnam ( vi, Quốc gia Việt Nam; Chữ Nôm: 國家越南; french: État du Viêt-Nam) was a governmental entity in Southeast Asia that existed from 1949 until 1955, first as a member of the French Union and later as a country (from 21 July 1954 to 26 October 1955). The state claimed authority over all of Vietnam during the First Indochina War, although large parts of its territory were controlled by the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. The state was created in 1949 by France as part of the French Union and was internationally recognised in 1950. Former Emperor Bảo Đại became Chief of State. After the 1954 Geneva Agreements, the State of Vietnam abandoned its sovereignty over the northern part of the country, which was controlled by the Việt Minh. Ngô Đình Diệm was appointed prime minister the same year and— after having ousted Bảo Đại in 1955—became president of the Republic of Vietnam. History Unification of Vietnam (1947–48) Since th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Associated State
An associated state is the minor partner in a formal, free relationship between a political territory (some dependent, most fully sovereign states) and a major party—usually a larger nation. The details of such free association are contained in United Nations General Assembly resolution 1541 (XV) Principle VI,''See'': the General Assembly of the United Nations approveresolution 1541 (XV) (pages: 509–510) defining free association with an independent State, integration into an independent State, or independence a Compact of Free Association or Associated Statehood Act and are specific to the countries involved. In the case of the Cook Islands and Niue, the details of their free association arrangement are contained in several documents, such as their respective constitutions, the 1983 Exchange of Letters between the governments of New Zealand and the Cook Islands, and the 2001 Joint Centenary Declaration. Free associated states can be described as independent or not, but f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buddhism
Buddhism ( , ), also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya (), is an Indian religion or philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha. It originated in northern India as a -movement in the 5th century BCE, and gradually spread throughout much of Asia via the Silk Road. It is the world's fourth-largest religion, with over 520 million followers (Buddhists) who comprise seven percent of the global population. The Buddha taught the Middle Way, a path of spiritual development that avoids both extreme asceticism and hedonism. It aims at liberation from clinging and craving to things which are impermanent (), incapable of satisfying ('), and without a lasting essence (), ending the cycle of death and rebirth (). A summary of this path is expressed in the Noble Eightfold Path, a training of the mind with observance of Buddhist ethics and meditation. Other widely observed practices include: monasticism; " taking refuge" in the Buddha, the , and the ; ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ngô Đình Diệm
Ngô Đình Diệm ( or ; ; 3 January 1901 – 2 November 1963) was a South Vietnamese politician. He was the final prime minister of the State of Vietnam (1954–1955), and then served as the first president of South Vietnam (Republic of Vietnam) from 1955 until he was captured and assassinated during the 1963 military coup. He was born into a prominent Catholic family, the son of a high-ranking civil servant, Ngô Đình Khả. He was educated at French-speaking schools and considered following his brother Ngô Đình Thục into the priesthood, but eventually chose to pursue a civil-service career. He progressed rapidly in the court of Emperor Bảo Đại, becoming governor of Bình Thuận Province in 1929 and interior minister in 1933. However, he resigned the latter position after three months and publicly denounced the emperor as a tool of France. Diệm came to support Vietnamese nationalism, promoting an anti-communist and anti-colonialist "third way" opposed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bửu Lộc
Prince Nguyễn Phúc Bửu Lộc, (22 August 1914 – 27 February 1990), was an uncle of Emperor Bảo Đại, and Prime Minister of the State of Vietnam in 1954.Oscar Chapuis The Last Emperors of Vietnam: From Tu Duc to Bao Dai 2000 p157 "On January 11, 1954, abstention of prominent politicians led Bao Dai to name his own cousin Prince Buu Loc prime minister. Buu Loc lasted only six months. On March 3, he led a delegation to Paris ..." He was a great-grand-grandson of Emperor Minh Mạng, the second emperor of the Nguyễn dynasty. Both of his great-grandfather Nguyễn Phúc Miên Trinh and grandfather Nguyễn Phúc Hường Thiết were distinguished poets during the reign of Nguyễn dynasty. He later emigrated to Paris and spent his life there until his death in 1990. Early life His father is Nguyễn Phúc Ưng Tôn. Mr. Ưng Tôn is a son of Nguyễn Phúc Hường Thiết and a grandson of Tuy Lý Vương Nguyễn Phúc Miên Trinh (the 11th son of Emperor Minh Mạng ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nguyễn Văn Tâm
Nguyễn Văn Tâm (16 October 1895 – 23 November 1990) served as Prime Minister of the State of Vietnam, a political entity created by the French in an attempt to regain control of the country. He held that office from June 1952 to December 1953. Early life Born on 16 October 1895 in Tây Ninh Province during the French colonial period, Nguyễn Văn Tâm was originally a school teacher who was picked by the French in the early 1940s to be the District Chief of Cai Lậy, in Cochinchina. Here in the Mekong Delta, he had already earned the nickname Tiger of Cai Lậy as a notorious torturer of peasants during the revolts of the 1930s. He is the paternal grandfather of Jonathan Van-Tam, Deputy Chief Medical Officer for England. Career After the August Revolution, following the Japanese surrender in 1945, Tâm was imprisoned by the new Viet Minh authorities for his crimes against the people but was soon freed by the returning French military. He was among the government m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trần Văn Hữu
Trần Văn Hữu (1895 – 17 January 1985) served as president of the government of Cochinchina from 1948 to 1949, then as Prime Minister of the State of Vietnam from 1950 to 1952. Early life He was born in 1895, in Long My village, Chau Thanh district , Vinh Long province (now Thanh Duc commune, Long Ho district, Vinh Long province) into a wealthy landowner family. His house is in the same village as Trần Văn Hương (later Prime Minister of the Republic of Vietnam), while Phạm Hùng's house (later Prime Minister of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam) is located opposite the other side of the Long Hồ River (belonging to Vietnam). Long Phuoc village ). His father held the position of incense in the village. At a young age, Tran Van Huu studied the French program. Growing up, he went to France to study and graduated with a degree in agricultural engineering. When he returned home, he worked at a real estate bank. Life abroad He lived in France after Ngô Đình Diệm came ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nguyễn Phan Long
Nguyễn Phan Long (1888 – 16 July 1960) served as Prime Minister of the State of Vietnam in January 1950. He was dismissed in May 1950 by the Emperor Bảo Đại under pressure from the French colonial authorities, who resented his pro-American and nationalist attitude. Journalist at ''La Tribune Indigène'', he founded in 1920 the liberal newspaper ''L'Écho Annamite'', in which wrote e.g. the (Eurasian) Vietnamese nationalist Eugène Dejean de la Bâtie, friend of André Malraux. He was in the 1920s-1930s the deputy leader of the Parti Constitutionnaliste Indochinois, a nationalist party founded in 1923 and led by Bui Quang Chiêu. He was elected as colonial councillor. He wrote abundantly about spiritism in his newspaper and was also a fervent adept of Caodaism. He was elected in 1936 as president of the ''Congrès Universel des Sectes Caodaïques'', an attempted unified caodai movement, which eventually failed. Gustave MeillonLe Caodaïsme - 1/ref> After 1945, he was M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nguyễn Văn Xuân
Nguyễn Văn Xuân (3 April 1892 – 14 January 1989) was president of the government of Cochinchina from 1947 to 1948, then prime minister of the Provisional Central Government of Vietnam from 23 May 1948 to 20 June 1949, during the First Indochina War. First Indochina War On 1 April 1947, he was promoted to brigadier general (two-star general, entry level for a general officer in the French army ranking system) of colonial troops, a local army with French commanding officers. After the First Indochina War, he took exile in France. On 14 January 1989, he died in Nice at the age of 96. , Bulletin de l'ANAI, April–May–June 1989 See also * |
Leaders Of South Vietnam
This is a list of leaders of South Vietnam, since the establishment of the Autonomous Republic of Cochinchina in 1946, and the division of Vietnam in 1954 until the fall of the Republic of Vietnam in 1975, and the reunification of Vietnam in 1976. Legends Heads of state Chiefs of the State of Vietnam (1949–1955) Presidents of the First Republic of Vietnam (1955–1963) Vice president of the First Republic of Vietnam (1956–1963) Military junta (1963–1967) Heads of state During the military junta period, the heads of state of South Vietnam did not always hold real power, the heads of military were de facto leaders of the nation. Sometimes the heads of state and heads of military were held by the same person, for example: Duong Van Minh from 2 November 1963 to 30 January 1964 or Nguyen Khanh from 16 August 1964 to 27 August 1964. Heads of military During the military junta period, heads of military held the real power in governing the nation. Someti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bảo Đại
Bảo Đại (, vi-hantu, , lit. "keeper of greatness", 22 October 191331 July 1997), born Nguyễn Phúc Vĩnh Thụy (), was the 13th and final emperor of the Nguyễn dynasty, the last ruling dynasty of Vietnam. From 1926 to 1945, he was emperor of Annam and ''de jure'' monarch of Tonkin, which were then protectorates in French Indochina, covering the present-day central and northern Vietnam. Bảo Đại ascended the throne in 1932. The Japanese ousted the Vichy French administration in March 1945 and then ruled through Bảo Đại, who renamed his country "Vietnam". He abdicated in August 1945 when Japan surrendered. From 1949 to 1955, Bảo Đại was the chief of state of the non-communist State of Vietnam. Viewed as a puppet ruler, Bảo Đại was criticized for being too closely associated with France and spending much of his time outside Vietnam. He was eventually ousted in a referendum in 1955 by Prime Minister Ngô Đình Diệm, who was supported by the United S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South Vietnamese đồng
The đồng (銅) was the currency of South Vietnam from 1953 to 2 May 1978. It was subdivided into 100 ''xu'', also written ''su''. First đồng, 1953 to 1975 History In 1953, the Vietnam branch of the ''Institut d'Emission des Etats du Cambodge, du Laos et du Vietnam'' issued notes dual denominated in piastre and đồng. At the same time, the two other branches of the Bank made similar issues with the riel in Cambodia and the kip in Laos. The đồng circulated in those parts of Vietnam not under the control of the Communist forces, which by 1954 coincided with South Vietnam. Coins denominated in su were also introduced in 1953. In 1955, an independent issue of đồng banknotes was produced by the National Bank of Vietnam. Coins In 1953, 10, 20 and 50 su coins were introduced. In 1960, 1 đồng were added, followed by 10 đồng in 1964, 5 đồng in 1966 and 20 đồng in 1968. 50 đồng were minted dated 1975 but they were never shipped to Vietnam due to the fall o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Indochinese Piastre
The piastre de commerce was the currency of French Indochina between 1885 and 1952. It was subdivided into 100 ''cents'', each of 2~6 '' sapèques''. The name ''piastre'' (), from Spanish pieces of eight (pesos), dates to the 16th century and has been used as the name of many different historical units of currency. Denominations The currency of French Indochina was divided into the ''piastre'', ''cent'' / ''centime'', and '' sapèque'' units. One ''piastre'' equals 100 cents and one cent equals between 2 and 6 ''sapèques'' depending on the dynasty and reign era.Phạm Thăng. Tiền tệ Việt Nam theo dòng lịch sử. Toronto, Canada. Date: 1995. (in Vietnamess). Page 159. According to that ratio, a French Indochinese piastre coin is worth from 200 to 600 traditional Vietnamese cash coins. The Obverse of the banknotes and coins were inscribed in the French language, while the reverse side had inscriptions written in Traditional Chinese, Vietnamese Latin script, Lao, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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