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Skou Languages
The Sko or Skou languages are a small language family spoken by about 7000 people, mainly along the Vanimo coast of Sandaun Province in Papua New Guinea, with a few being inland from this area and at least one just across the border in the Indonesian province of Papua (formerly known as Irian Jaya). Typology Tone Skou languages are unusual among Papuan languages for being tonal; all Skou languages possess contrastive tone. Vanimo, for example, has three tones, ''high, mid, low.'' Example minimal sets illustrating tonal contrasts in various Skou languages: * I’saka: ''ẽy''H ‘louse’, ''wey''L ‘butterfly’, ''wey''LH ‘house’, ''wey''HL ‘language’ * Barupu: ''e''H ‘tooth’, ''e''L ‘garden’, ''e''HL ‘mosquito’, ''e''HLH ‘write’ * Wutung: ''ho''H ‘roof thatch made from sago palm fronds’, ''ho''L ‘star’, ''ho''HL ‘grease’ * Skou: ''ta''H ‘grass’, ''ta''L ‘hair’, ''ta''HL ‘arrow’ Lakes Plain languages, spoken in a discontigu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Guinea
New Guinea (; Hiri Motu: ''Niu Gini''; id, Papua, or , historically ) is the world's second-largest island with an area of . Located in Oceania in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, the island is separated from Australia by the wide Torres Strait, though both landmasses lie on the same continental shelf. Numerous smaller islands are located to the west and east. The eastern half of the island is the major land mass of the independent state of Papua New Guinea. The western half, known as Western New Guinea, forms a part of Indonesia and is organized as the provinces of Papua, Central Papua, Highland Papua, South Papua, Southwest Papua, and West Papua. The largest cities on the island are Jayapura (capital of Papua, Indonesia) and Port Moresby (capital of Papua New Guinea). Names The island has been known by various names: The name ''Papua'' was used to refer to parts of the island before contact with the West. Its etymology is unclear; one theory states that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sago Palm
Sago palm is a common name for several plants which are used to produce a starchy food known as sago. Sago palms may be "true palms" in the family Arecaceae, or cycads with a palm-like appearance. Sago produced from cycads must be detoxified before consumption. Plants called sago palm include: * ''Metroxylon sagu'' (true sago palm), a species in the palm family (Arecaceae) native to Southeast Asia * Cycads ** ''Cycas revoluta'', (king sago palm), native to Japan and widely cultivated as an ornamental plant ** ''Cycas rumphii ''Cycas rumphii'', commonly known as queen sago or the queen sago palm, is a dioecious gymnosperm, a species of cycad in the genus ''Cycas'' native to Indonesia, New Guinea and Christmas Island. Although palm-like in appearance, it is not a ...'', (queen sago palm), native to southeast Asia ** '' Cycas circinalis'', (queen sago palm), native to India {{Plant common name ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rawo Language
Rawo is a Papuan language in the Skou family, spoken on the north coast of Papua New Guinea in the vicinity of the village of Leitre (Laitre) () in Bewani/Wutung Onei Rural LLG, Sandaun Province. The language of Leitre itself is more closely related to Vanimo Vanimo is the capital of Sandaun Province (West Sepik) in north-westernmost Papua New Guinea and of Vanimo-Green River District. It is located on a peninsula close to the border with Indonesia. Religion Its Holy Cross Pro-Cathedral is the epi .... Although Rawo and Leitre are both in the Skou family, they are in different branches of the family. References Languages of Sandaun Province Serra Hills languages {{papuan-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sangke Language
Wutung (Udung) and Sangke (Nyao) are a Skou language or pair of languages of Papua New Guinea. It is spoken in the villages of Wutung () and Sangke in Bewani/Wutung Onei Rural LLG of Sandaun Province. The two varieties are sometimes considered separate languages. Tok Pisin and English are widely spoken in the area, and many Wutung people speak Indonesian too. Location Wutung village is in Sandaun Province, on the northern coast and adjacent to the border with Indonesia. There are about 500 living in Wutung village, most of whom speak Wutung. The nearby villages of Musu (12 km east on the coast, at ) and Nyao Kono (about 12 km due south, at ) have closely related languages which are named after their villages (Musu and Nyao). These three speech varieties are very closely related and are mutually intelligible. Phonology Wutung has fifteen consonants and seven vowels, six of which have nasal variants. This gives a total of 28 phonemes. Wutung also makes suprasegme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nouri Language
Bobe (Nori, Nouri) is a Skou language of Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (abbreviated PNG; , ; tpi, Papua Niugini; ho, Papua Niu Gini), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea ( tpi, Independen Stet bilong Papua Niugini; ho, Independen Stet bilong Papua Niu Gini), is a country i .... Genealogically close to Barupu, it has been strongly influenced by Womo. References Languages of Sandaun Province Piore River languages {{papuan-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Søren Wichmann
Søren Wichmann (born 1964) is a Danish linguist specializing in historical linguistics, linguistic typology, Mesoamerican languages, and epigraphy. Since June 2016, he has been employed as a University Lecturer at Leiden University Centre for Linguistics, Leiden University, after having worked at different institutions in Denmark, Mexico, Germany and Russia, including, during 2003-2015, the Department of Linguistics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. Wichmann's PhD dissertation, from the University of Copenhagen, treated the Azoyú variety of Tlapanec spoken in Guerrero, Mexico. He has written extensively about Mayan, Oto-Manguean and Mixe–Zoquean languages. He has done fieldwork on Mixe, Texistepec Popoluca and Tlapanec. Regarding Mixe–Zoquean, he has done comparative work resulting in the currently most accepted classification of the Mixe–Zoquean language family as well as a reconstruction of its vocabulary and grammar (Wichmann 1995). He also speci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dumo Language
Vanimo (Wanimo, Manimo) is a Skou language of Papua New Guinea which extends from Leitre to Wutung on the Papua New Guinea - Indonesian border. Phonology The Duso dialect of Vanimo is unusual in not having any phonemic velar consonant Velars are consonants articulated with the back part of the tongue (the dorsum) against the soft palate, the back part of the roof of the mouth (known also as the velum). Since the velar region of the roof of the mouth is relatively extensive an ...s, though it does have phonetic .Malcolm Ross, 1980, "Some elements of Vanimo, a New Guinea tone language" The vowels of Dumo dialect are, All occur nasalized, varying phonetically between a nasal vowel and a vowel followed by consonantal . Nasal /u/ may be realized as a syllabic . In Dumo, there are no velar consonants apart from this (and also as noted below). The other consonants are, Consonant clusters are /pl, bl, ml, ɲv, hv, hm, hn, hɲ, hj/ (hv and hm may be allophones). /ɲv/ is pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polysynthetic Language
In linguistic typology, polysynthetic languages, formerly holophrastic languages, are highly synthetic languages, i.e. languages in which words are composed of many morphemes (word parts that have independent meaning but may or may not be able to stand alone). They are very highly inflected languages. Polysynthetic languages typically have long "sentence-words" such as the Yupik word . Except for the morpheme "reindeer", none of the other morphemes can appear in isolation. Whereas isolating languages have a low morpheme-to-word ratio, polysynthetic languages have a very high ratio. There is no generally agreed upon definition of polysynthesis. Generally polysynthetic languages have polypersonal agreement, although some agglutinative languages that are not polysynthetic also have it, such as Basque, Hungarian and Georgian. Some authors apply the term polysynthetic to languages with high morpheme-to-word ratios, but others use it for languages that are highly head-mark ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isolating Language
An isolating language is a type of language with a morpheme per word ratio close to one, and with no inflectional morphology whatsoever. In the extreme case, each word contains a single morpheme. Examples of widely spoken isolating languages are Igbo in West Africa and Vietnamese (especially its colloquial register) in Southeast Asia. A closely related concept is that of an analytic language, which uses little or no inflection to indicate grammatical relationships. Isolating and analytic languages tend to coincide and are often identified. However, analytic languages such as English may still contain polymorphemic words in part because of the presence of derivational morphemes. Isolating languages contrast with synthetic languages, where words often consist of multiple morphemes. That linguistic classification is subdivided into the classifications fusional, agglutinative, and polysynthetic, which are based on how the morphemes are combined. Explanation Although h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kembra Language
Kembra is a South Pauwasi language spoken in Western New Guinea by some twenty persons in Kiambra village, Kaisenar District, Keerom Regency. It is used by between 20% and 60% of the ethnic population and is no longer passed down to children. Classification Initial documentation was carried out by Barnabas Konel and Roger Doriot. Kembra data remains unpublished in Konel's and Doriot's field notes.Doriot, Roger E. 1991. 6-2-3-4 Trek, April-May, 1991. Ms. Foley (2018) notes that Kembra has some lexical forms resembling Lepki, but not Murkim, hinting at lexical borrowing between Kembra and Lepki, but not Murkim. He allows the possibility of Kembra being related to Lepki–Murkim, pending further evidence. With more data, Usher (2020) was able to verify the connection. Phonology Kembra is a tonal language, as shown by the following minimal pair In phonology, minimal pairs are pairs of words or phrases in a particular language, spoken or signed, that differ in only one phonolo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaure Language
Kaure is a Papuan language of West Papua. It is spoken in the villages of Lereh, Harna, Wes, Masta, and Aurina. Narau is either a dialect or a closely related language. It is known from a short word list in Giël (1959). Texts include Auri et al. (1991).Auri, Piter, Peter R. Dommel and Markus Pokoko. 1991. ''Kaureki a Opoksel (Percakapan-percakapan Dalam Bahasa Kaure: Kaure Conversations)''. Jayapura: University of Cenderawasih and Summer Institute of Linguistics. Phonology Consonants The Kaure consonants are: Vowels The Kaure vowels are: Tone Like the Lakes Plain languages, Kaure is a tonal language. There are two tones, namely high and low. Monosyllabic minimal pair In phonology, minimal pairs are pairs of words or phrases in a particular language, spoken or signed, that differ in only one phonological element, such as a phoneme, toneme or chroneme, and have distinct meanings. They are used to demonstrate ...s showing phonemic tone contrast include: *''tái'' ‘ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lepki Language
Lepki is a Papuan language spoken in Western New Guinea, near its relatives Murkim and Kembra. Only a few hundred words have been recorded, in hastily collected word lists. Øystein Lund Andersen Øystein Lund Andersen is a Norwegian photographer and writer. Career Andersen's most recognized work has been on volcanoes in Indonesia, where he has documented volcanic eruptions since 2008. His documentary photography and observations on volc ... (2007) has unpublished ethnography on the Lepki that includes a word list.http://papuaweb.org/dlib/lap/andersen/lepki.pdf Phonology Lepki is a tonal language. Further reading *Andersen, Øystein Lund. 2007. ''The Lepki People of Sogber River, New Guinea''. MA thesis, University of Cenderawasih, Jayapura. References Languages of western New Guinea Lepki–Murkim languages {{papuan-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
