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Second Wirth Cabinet
The Second Wirth cabinet (German: ''Zweites Kabinett Wirth'') was the sixth democratically elected ''Reichsregierung'' of the German Reich, during the period in which it is now usually referred to as the Weimar Republic. The cabinet was named after ''Reichskanzler'' (chancellor) Joseph Wirth and took office on 26 October 1921 when it replaced the First Wirth cabinet. The cabinet was based on a coalition of Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) and the Catholic Centre Party (Germany), Zentrum. The German Democratic Party, DDP supported it and its ''Reichswehrminister'' Otto Gessler remained in office, to be later joined by industrialist Walther Rathenau. The Second Wirth cabinet resigned on 14 November 1922 and was replaced on 22 November by the Cuno cabinet. Establishment Wirth's first government resigned on 22 October 1921 in protest over the Upper Silesia plebiscite, partitioning of Upper Silesia decided on by the League of Nations which gave rise to what became known ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bundesarchiv Bild 146III-105, Joseph Wirth
The German Federal Archives or Bundesarchiv (BArch) (german: Bundesarchiv) are the National Archives of Germany. They were established at the current location in Koblenz in 1952. They are subordinated to the Federal Commissioner for Culture and the Media ( Claudia Roth since 2021) under the German Chancellery, and before 1998, to the Federal Ministry of the Interior. On 6 December 2008, the Archives donated 100,000 photos to the public, by making them accessible via Wikimedia Commons. History The federal archive for institutions and authorities in Germany, the first precursor to the present-day Federal Archives, was established in Potsdam, Brandenburg in 1919, a later date than in other European countries. This national archive documented German government dating from the founding of the North German Confederation in 1867. It also included material from the older German Confederation and the Imperial Chamber Court. The oldest documents in this collection dated back to the ye ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Friedrich Ebert
Friedrich Ebert (; 4 February 187128 February 1925) was a German politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) and the first President of Germany (1919–1945), president of Germany from 1919 until his death in office in 1925. Ebert was elected leader of the SPD on the death in 1913 of August Bebel. In 1914, shortly after he assumed leadership, the party became deeply divided over Ebert's support of war loans to finance the German war effort in World War I. A moderate social democrat, Ebert was in favour of the ''Burgfriedenspolitik, Burgfrieden'', a political policy that sought to suppress squabbles over domestic issues among political parties during wartime in order to concentrate all forces in society on the successful conclusion of the war effort. He tried to isolate those in the party opposed to the war and advocated a split. Ebert was a pivotal figure in the German Revolution of 1918–19. When Germany became a republic at the end of World War I, he became its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bavarian Peasants' League
The Bavarian Peasants' League (german: Bayerischer Bauernbund, or BB) was an agrarian political party in Bavaria, Germany, from 1893 to 1933. It has also been known in English as the Bavarian Farmers' League. The BB represented the farming interests in the Landtag of Bavaria The Landtag of Bavaria, officially known in English as the Bavarian State Parliament, is the unicameral legislature of the German state of Bavaria. The parliament meets in the Maximilianeum in Munich. Elections to the Landtag are held every f ... and in the German Reichstag. Further reading * Political parties established in 1870 Political parties disestablished in 1933 Agrarian parties in Germany Liberal parties in Germany Politics of Bavaria Defunct regional parties in Germany 1870 establishments in Bavaria 1933 disestablishments in Germany Bavarian nationalism {{Germany-org-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wilhelm Groener
Karl Eduard Wilhelm Groener (; 22 November 1867 – 3 May 1939) was a German general and politician. His organisational and logistical abilities resulted in a successful military career before and during World War I. After a confrontation with Erich Ludendorff the Quartermaster general () of the German Army, Groener was reassigned to a field command. When Ludendorff was dismissed in October 1918, Groener succeeded him. Groener worked with the new Social Democratic president Friedrich Ebert to foil a left-wing take-over during the German Revolution of 1918–19. Under his command, the army bloodily suppressed popular uprisings throughout Germany. Groener tried to integrate the military, which was dominated by an aristocratic and monarchistic officer corps, into the new republic. After resigning from the army in the summer of 1919, Groener served in several governments of the Weimar Republic as minister of transportation, interior and defence. He was pushed out of the govern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reich Ministry Of Transport
The Reich Ministry of Transport (german: Reichsverkehrsministerium or ''RVM'') was a cabinet-level agency of the German government from 1919 until 1945, operating during the Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany. Formed from the Prussian Ministry of Public Works after the end of World War I, the ''RVM'' was in charge of regulating German railways, roadways, waterways, and the construction industry - a kind of infrastructure agency in today's understanding. In the 1920s, the Ministry's involvement in the rail sector was limited to administrative and technical supervisory functions. The National Railway (''Deutsche Reichsbahn'') was initially organized as an independent state-owned company to guarantee that Germany paid war reparations according to the provisions of the 1924 Dawes Plan. Under Nazi control, the Transport Ministry expanded exponentially. The ''Reichsbahn'', which had become Germany's largest public asset and also the largest such enterprise in the capitalist world at the tim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heinrich Brauns
Heinrich Brauns (3 January 1868 – 19 October 1939) was a German politician and Roman Catholic theologian, who for the German Center Party was a long-serving Minister of Labour of the Weimar Republic from 1920 to 1928. Serving in a total of 13 cabinets, Brauns was a major influence on social policy in the period of German history. Early life Heinrich Brauns was born on 3 January 1868 in Cologne, in what was then the Kingdom of Prussia. He was the only child of Johann Brauns (1838–1919), a tailor and his wife Anna Catharina (1838–1901), née Creveld. He attended the ''Apostelgymnasium'' at Cologne, where he made his '' Abitur'' in 1886. He studied theology and philosophy at the University of Bonn and then attended a seminary at Cologne. In 1890, he was ordained as a priest and became a chaplain at Krefeld. In 1895, he became a vicar in Borbeck near Essen. He worked in pastoral care until in 1900 he became head of the organisation department and economics teaching at the ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gustav Radbruch
Gustav Radbruch (21 November 1878 – 23 November 1949) was a German legal scholar and politician. He served as Minister of Justice of Germany during the early Weimar period. Radbruch is also regarded as one of the most influential legal philosophers of the 20th century. Life Born in Lübeck, Radbruch studied law in Munich, Leipzig and Berlin. He passed his first bar exam ("Staatsexamen") in Berlin in 1901, and the following year he received his doctorate with a dissertation on "The Theory of Adequate Causation". This was followed in 1903 by his qualification to teach criminal law in Heidelberg. In 1904, he was appointed Professor of criminal and trial law and legal philosophy in Heidelberg. In 1914 he accepted a call to a professorship in Königsberg, and later that year assumed a professorship at Kiel. Radbruch was a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), and held a seat in the Reichstag from 1920 to 1924. In 1921–22 and throughout 1923, he was minister of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reichsministerium Der Justiz
The Federal Ministry of Justice (german: Bundesministerium der Justiz, ), abbreviated BMJ, is a cabinet-level ministry of the Federal Republic of Germany. Under the German federal system, individual States are most responsible for the administration of justice and the application of penalties. The Federal Ministry of Justice devotes itself to creating and changing law in the classic core areas related to Constitutional law. The Ministry also analyzes the legality and constitutionality of laws prepared by other ministries. The German Federal Court of Justice, the German Patent and Trade Mark Office (GPTO), and the German Patent Court all fall under its scope. The ministry is officially located in Berlin. The BMJ was founded on January 1, 1877, as the Imperial Justice Office (''Reichsjustizamt''). After Germany became a republic in 1919, it was renamed ''Reichsministerium der Justiz'' (Imperial ministry of Justice). The ministry was refounded as the ''Bundesministerium der Justiz' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Schmidt (German Politician)
Robert Schmidt (15 May 1864 – 16 September 1943) was a German trade unionist, journalist, politician and member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany. He served as the minister of ''Reichsernährungsminister'' (Alimentation), ''Reichswirtschaftsminister'' (Economic Affairs) and ''Reichsminister für Wiederaufbau'' (Reconstruction) in a number of cabinets of the Weimar Republic. Life Robert Schmidt was born in Berlin on 15 May 1864. He was apprenticed as a piano builder, and from 1890 to 1893 served as a member of the board of the association of piano builders of Berlin. From 1893 to 1902, he was editor for the social-democratic newspaper ''Vorwärts''. From 1893 to 1898 and from 1903 to 1918, Schmidt was a member of the '' Reichstag'' of the German Empire for the Social Democratic Party of Germany. In 1902, he was a member of the ''Generalkommission'' of German trade unions and from 1903 to 1910 was head of the ''Zentral-Arbeitersekretariat''. In 1918, he became ''Unterst ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adolf Köster
Adolf Köster (8 March 1883 – 18 February 1930) was a German politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) and diplomat. He served as Foreign Minister (1920) and Interior Minister (1921–1922). Background Adolf Köster was born on 8 March 1883 in Verden an der Aller in the Province of Hanover, Prussia. He grew up in Kappeln. In 1906, he became a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). In 1907, he was awarded a Dr. phil. and in 1912 habilitated in history of literature. He taught at the Technical University of Munich. During the First World War, he was a war correspondent for SPD newspapers like ''Vorwärts'' as well as for the ''Berliner Tageblatt''. Political career Following the November Revolution in 1918, he started to work as a ''Referent'' at the ''Reichskanzlei''. In 1919, he worked for the Prussian ''Staatskommissar'' in Schleswig-Holstein, where he had grown up. He was ''Abstimmungskommissar'', and in that function worked success ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Auswärtiges Amt
, logo = DEgov-AA-Logo en.svg , logo_width = 260 px , image = Auswaertiges Amt Berlin Eingang.jpg , picture_width = 300px , image_caption = Entrance to the Foreign Office building , headquarters = Werderscher Markt 110117 Berlin , formed = , jurisdiction = Government of Germany , employees = 11,652 Foreign Service staff5,622 local employees , budget = €6.302 billion (2021) , minister1_name = Annalena Baerbock , minister1_pfo = Federal Minister for Foreign Affairs , chief1_name = Anna Lührmann , chief1_position = Minister of State for Europe at the Foreign Office , chief2_name = Katja Keul , chief2_position = Minister of State at the Foreign Office , chief3_name = Tobias Lindner , chief3_position = Minister of State at the Foreign Office , website = The Federal Foreign Office (german: Auswärtiges Amt, ), abbreviated AA, is the foreign ministry of the Federal Republic of Germany, a federal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andreas Hermes
Andreas Hermes (16 July 1878 – 4 January 1964) was a German agricultural scientist and politician. In the Weimar Republic, he was a member of several governments, serving as minister of food/nutrition and minister of finance for the Catholic Zentrum. During the rule of the Nazi Party, Hermes was part of the right-wing resistance, for which he was imprisoned and sentenced to death. After World War II, he co-founded the Christian Democratic Union. Early life Hermes was born on 16 July 1878 in Cologne, then part of the Prussian Rhine province, as the son of Andreas Hermes (1832–1884), a railway worker, and his wife Theresia (1839–1905, née Schmitz). He was raised as a Catholic in Mönchengladbach, and lost his father at the age of 8. Hermes studied agricultural science and philosophy at Bonn, Jena and Berlin. At that time he also travelled widely in Europe and South America, and he developed an interest in crossbreeding European with South American animal stock. In 1901 he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
