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Sclerodermataceae
The Sclerodermataceae are a family of fungi in the order Boletales, containing several genera of unusual fungi that little resemble boletes. Taxa, which include species commonly known as the ‘hard-skinned puffballs’, ‘ earthballs’, or 'earthstars', are widespread in both temperate and tropical regions. The best known members include the earthball '' Scleroderma citrinum'', the dye fungus ''Pisolithus tinctorius'' and the ' prettymouths' of the genus '' Calostoma''. Description Fruit-bodies are mostly epigenous (above ground), rarely hypogeous (underground), more or less spherical in shape, without a stem or with an irregular root-like stem. The peridium (outer wall) is mostly simple, rarely 2-layered, firm, rarely thin, membranous, breaking open irregularly or in lobes or decaying, revealing the gleba. The gleba typically has sharply defined basidia-bearing sectors, which are partitioned from one another by sterile veins, and in which the basidia are regularly scattered th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pisolithaceae
''Pisolithus'' is a genus of fungi within the family Sclerodermataceae (suborder Sclerodermatineae). The type species, ''P. arenarius'', is now known to be synonymous with ''P. arhizus''. Species As accepted by Species Fungorum; *'' Pisolithus abditus'' – Thailand *'' Pisolithus albus'' *'' Pisolithus arenarius'' *'' Pisolithus arhizus'' *'' Pisolithus aurantioscabrosus'' - Malaysia *'' Pisolithus aureosericeus'' *'' Pisolithus calongei'' *'' Pisolithus capsulifer'' *'' Pisolithus croceorrhizus'' *'' Pisolithus hypogaeus'' – Australia *'' Pisolithus indicus'' – India *'' Pisolithus kisslingii'' *'' Pisolithus marmoratus'' *'' Pisolithus microcarpus'' *'' Pisolithus orientalis'' *'' Pisolithus thermaeus'' *''Pisolithus tinctorius ''Pisolithus arhizus'' is a widespread earth-ball like fungus, which may in fact be several closely related species. Common names include dead man's foot and dyeball. It is known in Australia as the horse dung fungu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chlorogaster
''Chlorogaster'' (literally '' green stomach'') is a genus of fungi thought to belong to the Sclerodermataceae family, but this has been not molecularly confirmed. A monotypic genus, it contains the single mycorrhizal A mycorrhiza (from Greek μύκης ', "fungus", and ῥίζα ', "root"; pl. mycorrhizae, mycorrhiza or mycorrhizas) is a symbiotic association between a fungus and a plant. The term mycorrhiza refers to the role of the fungus in the pl ... species ''Chlorogaster dipterocarpi''.Laessoe T, Jalink LM. (2004). "''Chlorogaster dipterocarpi'' – A new peristomate gasteroid taxon of the Sclerodermataceae". ''Persoonia'' 18 (3): 421–28. References External links Index Fungorum Boletales Monotypic Boletales genera {{Boletales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boletales
The Boletales are an order of Agaricomycetes containing over 1300 species with a diverse array of fruiting body types. The boletes are the best known members of this group, and until recently, the Boletales were thought to only contain boletes. The Boletales are now known to contain distinct groups of agarics, puffballs, and other fruiting-body types. Taxonomy The order Boletales originally was created to describe boletes, but based on micromorphological and molecular phylogenetic characteristics, a large number of nonbolete species have recently been reclassified to belong to this group, as well. The order also includes some gilled mushrooms, in the families Gomphidiaceae, Serpulaceae, Tapinellaceae, Hygrophoropsidaceae, and Paxillaceae, which often have the same flesh texture as the boletes, spore-bearing tissue which is also easily separable from the cap, and similar microscopic characteristics of spores and cystidia. Taxonomic studies using secondary metabolites and la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pisolithus
''Pisolithus'' is a genus of fungi within the family Sclerodermataceae ( suborder Sclerodermatineae). The type species, ''P. arenarius'', is now known to be synonymous with ''P. arhizus''. Species As accepted by Species Fungorum; *'' Pisolithus abditus'' – Thailand *'' Pisolithus albus'' *'' Pisolithus arenarius'' *'' Pisolithus arhizus'' *'' Pisolithus aurantioscabrosus'' - Malaysia *'' Pisolithus aureosericeus'' *'' Pisolithus calongei'' *'' Pisolithus capsulifer'' *'' Pisolithus croceorrhizus'' *'' Pisolithus hypogaeus'' – Australia *'' Pisolithus indicus'' – India *'' Pisolithus kisslingii'' *'' Pisolithus marmoratus'' *'' Pisolithus microcarpus'' *'' Pisolithus orientalis'' *'' Pisolithus thermaeus'' *''Pisolithus tinctorius ''Pisolithus arhizus'' is a widespread earth-ball like fungus, which may in fact be several closely related species. Common names include dead man's foot and dyeball. It is known in Australia as the horse dung ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Horakiella
''Horakiella'' is a genus of fungi within the Sclerodermataceae family that contains the two species ''H.clelandii'' and ''H. watarrkana''. The genus name of ''Horakiella'' is in honour of Egon Horak (born 1937) is an Austrian mycologist Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi, including their genetic and biochemical properties, their taxonomy and their use to humans, including as a source for tinder, traditional medicine, food, and entheogens, as .... The genus was circumscribed by Michael A. Castellano and James Martin Trappe in Austral. Syst. Bot. vol.5 on page 641 in 1992. References External links Index Fungorum Boletales Monotypic Boletales genera Taxa named by James Trappe {{Boletales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pisolithus Tinctorius
''Pisolithus arhizus'' is a widespread Sclerodermataceae, earth-ball like fungus, which may in fact be several closely related species. Common names include dead man's foot and dyeball. It is known in Australia as the horse dung fungus, in South Africa as perdebal, and in Europe as the Bohemian truffle. This puffball's black viscous gel is used as a natural dye for clothes. ''Pisolithus arhizus'' is a major component in mycorrhizal fungus mixtures that are used in gardening as powerful root stimulators. It is inedible. The fruiting body is 5–30 cm tall and 4–20 cm wide, with a thin yellow-brown to brown exterior layer. The Basidiospore, spores are brown. ''Dictyocephalos attenuatus'' is similar. References External links ''Pisolithus tinctorius'' Boletales Fungi described in 1786 Inedible fungi {{Boletales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Favillea
''Favillea'' is a genus of fungi within the Sclerodermataceae The Sclerodermataceae are a family of fungi in the order Boletales, containing several genera of unusual fungi that little resemble boletes. Taxa, which include species commonly known as the ‘hard-skinned puffballs’, ‘ earthballs’, or 'ea ... family. External linksIndex Fungorum Boletales Boletales genera {{Boletales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Puffball
Puffballs are a type of fungus featuring a ball-shaped fruit body that bursts on impact, releasing a cloud of dust-like spores when mature. Puffballs belong to the division Basidiomycota and encompass several genera, including '' Calvatia'', '' Calbovista'' and '' Lycoperdon''. The puffballs were previously treated as a taxonomic group called the Gasteromycetes or Gasteromycetidae, but they are now known to be a polyphyletic assemblage. The distinguishing feature of all puffballs is that they do not have an open cap with spore-bearing gills. Instead, spores are produced internally, in a spheroidal fruit body called a ''gasterothecium'' (gasteroid 'stomach-like' basidiocarp). As the spores mature, they form a mass called a gleba in the centre of the fruitbody that is often of a distinctive color and texture. The basidiocarp remains closed until after the spores have been released from the basidia. Eventually, it develops an aperture, or dries, becomes brittle, and splits, and t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basidia
A basidium () is a microscopic sporangium (a spore-producing structure) found on the hymenophore of fruiting bodies of basidiomycete fungi which are also called tertiary mycelium, developed from secondary mycelium. Tertiary mycelium is highly-coiled secondary myceliuma dikaryon. The presence of basidia is one of the main characteristic features of the Basidiomycota. A basidium usually bears four sexual spores called basidiospores; occasionally the number may be two or even eight. In a typical basidium, each basidiospore is borne at the tip of a narrow prong or horn called a sterigma (), and is forcibly discharged upon maturity. The word ''basidium'' literally means "little pedestal", from the way in which the basidium supports the spores. However, some biologists suggest that the structure more closely resembles a club. An immature basidium is known as a basidiole. Structure Most basidiomycota have single celled basidia (holobasidia), but in some groups basidia can be multice ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boletinellaceae
Boletinellaceae are a small family of mushroom-forming fungi, primarily characterized by small pores on the underside of the cap rather than gills. Though in the order Boletales, research shows they and Gyroporaceae are more closely related to earthballs of Sclerodermataceae than Boletaceae. Genera include '' Boletinellus'' and ''Phlebopus'', the latter genus showing some Gondwanan distribution found in Australia, Sri Lanka and elsewhere. It contains the gigantic ''Phlebopus marginatus ''Phlebopus marginatus'', commonly known as the salmon gum mushroom in Western Australia, is a member of the Boletales or pored fungi. An imposing sight in forests of south-eastern and south-western Australia, it is possibly Australia's larges ...'', the cap of which can reach 1 metre in diameter. References Boletales Boletinellaceae {{Boletales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astraeus (fungus)
''Astraeus'' is a genus of fungi in the family Diplocystaceae. The genus, which has a cosmopolitan distribution, contains nine species of earthstar mushrooms. They are distinguished by the outer layer of flesh (peridium, exoperidium) that at maturity splits open in a star-shape manner to reveal a round spore sac. Additionally, they have a strongly hygroscopic character—the rays will open when moist, but when hot and dry will close to protect the spore sac. Species of ''Astraeus'' grow on the ground in mycorrhizal, ectomycorrhizal associations with trees and shrubs. Description The mycelium of immature specimens is fibrous, and originates from all parts of the surface. The peridium is roughly spherical, and made of two distinct tissue layers. The outer layer, the exoperidium, is thick, leathery, and initially inseparable from the inner layer (endoperidium). At maturity, the exoperidium bursts open into several pointed "rays". The inner layer of tissue, the endoperidium, is thi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astraeaceae
Diplocystaceae (alternatively spelled Diplocystidaceae or Diplocystidiaceae) is a family of fungi in the Boletales The Boletales are an order of Agaricomycetes containing over 1300 species with a diverse array of fruiting body types. The boletes are the best known members of this group, and until recently, the Boletales were thought to only contain boletes. T ... order. The family was described by mycologist Hanns Kreisel in 1974. References Boletales {{Boletales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
