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Savoyard–Waldensian Wars
The Savoyard–Waldensian wars were a series of conflicts between the community of Waldensians (also known as Vaudois) and the Savoyard troops in the Duchy of Savoy from 1655 to 1690. The Piedmontese Easter in 1655 sparked the conflict. It was largely a period of persecution of the Waldensian Church, rather than a military conflict. Joshua Janavel (1617–1690) was one of the Waldensian military leaders against the Savoyard ducal troops. Background A previous war between Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy and his Waldensian subjects raged from 1560 to 1561, beginning when the duke ordered all Protestants in his domain to revert to Catholicism. The duke had been forced to implement this policy by signing the Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis (1559). The Waldensians petitioned him, saying they had always stayed loyal to him and that their religion was the same as Jesus Christ originally taught it, and swore to become Catholics if their theology could be disproven in a debate. For months ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grand Alliance (League Of Augsburg)
The Grand Alliance was the anti-French coalition formed on 20 December 1689 between the Dutch Republic, England and the Holy Roman Empire. It was signed by the two leading opponents of France: William III, Stadtholder of the Dutch Republic and ( since April 1689) King of England, and Emperor Leopold, on behalf of the Archduchy of Austria. With the later additions of Spain and Savoy, the coalition fought the 1688–1697 Nine Years' War against France that ended with the 1697 Treaty of Ryswick. The Second Grand Alliance was reformed by the 1701 Treaty of The Hague prior to the War of the Spanish Succession and was dissolved after the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht. Background The Grand Alliance was the most significant of the coalitions formed in response to the wars of Louis XIV that began in 1667 and ended in 1714. Post-1648, French expansion was helped by the decline of Spanish power while the Peace of Westphalia formalised religious divisions within the Holy Roman Empire. This ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Piedmontese Easter
The Piedmontese Easter (Italian: ''Pasque piemontesi'', French: ''Pâques piémontaises'' or ''Pâques vaudoises'') was a series of massacres on Waldensians (also known as Waldenses or Vaudois) by Savoyard troops in the Duchy of Savoy in 1655. Background Alexis Muston, a 19th-century French Protestant pastor based in Bordeaux, claimed in ''L'Israel des Alpes'' (Paris 1852) that neither Duke Charles Emmanuel II of Savoy nor the Waldensians themselves had sought to wage war, and both parties were content with maintaining the peace. It was due to the constant pressure exerted by New Council of Propagation of the Faith and the Extermination of Heresy (''Concilium Novum de Propaganda Fide et Extirpandis Haereticis''), an institution of the Roman Catholic Church established in Turin in 1650, that regularly convened in the palace of the Archbishop of Turin. Although the Waldensian population (numbering around 15,000 in 1685Symcox, p. 95.) in certain areas of Piedmont had held priv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peace Of Cavour
Peace is a concept of societal friendship and harmony in the absence of hostility and violence. In a social sense, peace is commonly used to mean a lack of conflict (such as war) and freedom from fear of violence between individuals or groups. Throughout history, leaders have used peacemaking and diplomacy to establish a type of behavioral restraint that has resulted in the establishment of regional peace or economic growth through various forms of agreements or peace treaties. Such behavioral restraint has often resulted in the reduced conflict, greater economic interactivity, and consequently substantial prosperity. "Psychological peace" (such as peaceful thinking and emotions) is perhaps less well defined, yet often a necessary precursor to establishing "behavioural peace." Peaceful behaviour sometimes results from a "peaceful inner disposition." Some have expressed the belief that peace can be initiated with a certain quality of inner tranquility that does not depend upo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
War Of The Banished
War is an intense armed conflict between states, governments, societies, or paramilitary groups such as mercenaries, insurgents, and militias. It is generally characterized by extreme violence, destruction, and mortality, using regular or irregular military forces. Warfare refers to the common activities and characteristics of types of war, or of wars in general. Total war is warfare that is not restricted to purely legitimate military targets, and can result in massive civilian or other non-combatant suffering and casualties. While some war studies scholars consider war a universal and ancestral aspect of human nature, others argue it is a result of specific socio-cultural, economic or ecological circumstances. Etymology The English word ''war'' derives from the 11th-century Old English words ''wyrre'' and ''werre'', from Old French ''werre'' (also ''guerre'' as in modern French), in turn from the Frankish *''werra'', ultimately deriving from the Proto-Germanic *'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
10414 - Waldensian - Portrait Of Josue Janeval (Joshua Janavel)
1 (one, unit, unity) is a number representing a single or the only entity. 1 is also a numerical digit and represents a single unit of counting or measurement. For example, a line segment of ''unit length'' is a line segment of length 1. In conventions of sign where zero is considered neither positive nor negative, 1 is the first and smallest positive integer. It is also sometimes considered the first of the infinite sequence of natural numbers, followed by 2, although by other definitions 1 is the second natural number, following 0. The fundamental mathematical property of 1 is to be a multiplicative identity, meaning that any number multiplied by 1 equals the same number. Most if not all properties of 1 can be deduced from this. In advanced mathematics, a multiplicative identity is often denoted 1, even if it is not a number. 1 is by convention not considered a prime number; this was not universally accepted until the mid-20th century. Additionally, 1 is the s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Perosa Canavese
Perosa Canavese ( pms, Prosa) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 40 km northeast of Turin. Perosa Canavese borders the following municipalities: Pavone Canavese, Romano Canavese, San Martino Canavese, and Scarmagno Scarmagno is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about northeast of Turin. Since the 1960s, it was home to a large plant of the Olivetti company, which, for some periods, produced .... References Cities and towns in Piedmont Canavese {{Turin-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bricherasio
Bricherasio (French: Briqueras) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about southwest of Turin. Bricherasio borders the following municipalities: Angrogna, San Secondo di Pinerolo, Prarostino, Osasco, Garzigliana, Luserna San Giovanni, Cavour, Campiglione-Fenile, and Bibiana. Economy is based on wine and fruit production (apple, kiwi, mushrooms). Twin towns * Bell Ville, Argentina, since 1998 * Chorges, France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ..., since 2003 References External linksOfficial website Cities and towns in Piedmont {{Turin-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Torre Pellice
Torre Pellice (Vivaro-Alpine: ''La Torre de Pèlis'') is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about southwest of Turin. It is crossed by the Pellice river. Torre Pellice is the centre of the Waldensian church. The Waldensians arrived in the valley in the early 13th century. In a grotto nearby Torre Pellice they held the Synod of Chanforan, by which they adhered to the Protestant Reformation (1590). It borders the municipalities of Angrogna, Villar Pellice, Luserna San Giovanni, and Rorà. Notable residents * John Charles Beckwith (British Army officer) Twin towns * Guardia Piemontese, Italy * Valdese, North Carolina Valdese is a town in Burke County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 4,689 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Hickory-Lenoir- Morganton Metropolitan Statistical Area. One of the largest Waldensian congregations in the United St ..., United States References { ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lusernetta
Lusernetta is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about southwest of Turin. Lusernetta borders the following municipalities: Luserna San Giovanni Luserna San Giovanni (Occitan: ''Luzerna e San Jan'', Piedmontese: ''Luserna e San Gioann'', French: Lucerne Saint-Jean) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located in the Val Pellice a ... and Bibiana. References Cities and towns in Piedmont {{Turin-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
San Secondo Di Pinerolo
San Secondo di Pinerolo (Piedmontese: ''San Second''; oc, Seisound, French: Saint-Second-de-Pignerol) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about southwest of Turin. San Secondo di Pinerolo borders the following municipalities: Pinerolo, San Germano Chisone, Porte, Prarostino, Osasco, and Bricherasio. The main sight is the Castle of Miradolo, a neo-Gothic villa near the Chisone The Chisone (in Piedmontese ''Chison'' or ''Cleson'') is a Italian torrent, which runs through Pragelato, Fenestrelle, Perosa Argentina and Pinerolo in the Metropolitan City of Turin. It is a tributary of the Pellice, which in turn is a tributary ... stream. Twin towns * Carlos Pellegrini, Argentina References External links Official website Cities and towns in Piedmont {{Turin-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Campiglione-Fenile
Campiglione Fenile is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about southwest of Turin. Campiglione-Fenile borders the following municipalities: Bricherasio Bricherasio (French: Briqueras) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about southwest of Turin. Bricherasio borders the following municipalities: Angrogna, San Secondo di Pinerol ..., Cavour, and Bibiana. The ''comune'' was formed in 1928 by merging the two previous ''comuni'' of Campiglione and Fenile. References Cities and towns in Piedmont {{Turin-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bibiana, Piedmont
Bibiana (French: Bibiane) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about southwest of Turin. Bibiana borders the following municipalities: Bricherasio, Luserna San Giovanni, Cavour, Campiglione-Fenile, Lusernetta, and Bagnolo Piemonte Bagnolo Piemonte ( Occitan ''Banhuel'', Piedmontese and French ''Bagneul'') is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about southwest of Turin and about northwest of Cuneo. The ski resort a .... In 2019, it becomes famous as the location of a Franco-Italian wedding. References External links Official website Cities and towns in Piedmont {{Turin-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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