|
Samma (tribe)
Samma are a very large and important indigenous tribe of Sindh. The Samma are spread across Pakistan and North- West India being most concentrated in Sindh , their origin but are also found throughout the Punjab region as well as parts of Balochistan, Gujarat and Rajasthan,samma are Distributed in sindh and Sandhai Muslims are family members of Samma Dynasty. Offshoots of the main branch include the migrant Jadejas and Chudasamas of India. History As per the Historian Andre Wink, in the Muslim sources of that time period the Samma's history along with other tribes in that region was intertwined to the Jats either as a subdivision of it or a group at par with the Jats. But the areas of Sammas were confined to Brahmanabad and its neighbouring regions. Ma’sumi also talked about the early history of Sammas and other tribes who had to face restrictions similar to that of Jats. Historian Sarah F.D Ansari says that both Sammas and Sumras were local Rajput tribes whose chiefs had ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sama-Bajau Peoples
The Sama-Bajau include several Austronesian ethnic groups of Maritime Southeast Asia. The name collectively refers to related people who usually call themselves the Sama or Samah (formally A'a Sama, "Sama people"); or are known by the exonym Bajau (, also spelled Badjao, Bajaw, Badjau, Badjaw, Bajo or Bayao). They usually live a seaborne lifestyle and use small wooden sailing vessels such as the ''perahu'' (''layag'' in Meranau), '' djenging'' (''balutu''), '' lepa'', and '' vinta'' (''pilang''). Some Sama-Bajau groups native to Sabah are also known for their traditional horse culture. The Sama-Bajau are the dominant ethnic group of the islands of Tawi-Tawi in the Philippines. They are also found in other islands of the Sulu Archipelago, coastal areas of Mindanao, northern and eastern Borneo, Sulawesi, and throughout the eastern Indonesian islands. In the Philippines, they are grouped with the religiously similar Moro people. Within the last fifty years, many of the Fili ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
André Wink
André Wink is an emeritus professor of history at University of Wisconsin, Madison. He is known for his studies on India and the Indian Ocean area, particularly over the medieval and early modern age (700 to 1800 CE). He is the author of a series of books published by Brill Academic, Oxford University Press, and Cambridge University Press on ''al-Hind'' – a term used in Arab history to refer to the Islamized regions in the Indian subcontinent and nearby regions. Wink was born in 1953, in Hollandia, Netherlands New Guinea (present day Jayapura, Indonesia). He studied at Leiden University, and in 1984, he received a Ph.D. in Indian history under the guidance of Indologist J.C. Heesterman. Until 1990, he researched and published from the Netherlands. He became a professor at the University of Wisconsin in 1989, from where he has contributed ever since to the field of history of India, Indonesia and countries near the Indian Ocean. He became a senior fellow in 2009. Major publ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People From Sindh
A person ( : people) is a being that has certain capacities or attributes such as reason, morality, consciousness or self-consciousness, and being a part of a culturally established form of social relations such as kinship, ownership of property, or legal responsibility. The defining features of personhood and, consequently, what makes a person count as a person, differ widely among cultures and contexts. In addition to the question of personhood, of what makes a being count as a person to begin with, there are further questions about personal identity and self: both about what makes any particular person that particular person instead of another, and about what makes a person at one time the same person as they were or will be at another time despite any intervening changes. The plural form "people" is often used to refer to an entire nation or ethnic group (as in "a people"), and this was the original meaning of the word; it subsequently acquired its use as a plural form of per ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samma Tribes
Samma may refer to: * Samma (tribe), a Sindhi clan in Pakistan and India * Samma, Estonia, a village in Viru-Nigula Parish, Lääne-Viru County, Estonia * Samma, Jordan, a village in Irbid Governorate, northern Jordan * Samma dynasty, a 14th century dynasty in Sindh, parts of Balochistan and Punjab * Sultan Samma Sultan Samma (born 13 April 1986) is an Indonesian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Liga 1 club Borneo. International career In 2009, Sultan Samma represented the Indonesia U-23, in the 2009 Southeast Asian Games. Honour ... (born 1986), Indonesian footballer See also * {{disambig, geo, surname ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alauddin Khalji in the Indian subcontinent. Alauddin instituted a number of significant administrative changes, related to revenue reforms of Alauddin Khalji, revenues, market reforms of Alauddin Khalji, price controls, and rebellions against Alauddin Khalji#Measures for preventing rebellions, society. He also successfully fended off several Mongol invasions of India.
Alauddin was a nephew and a son-in-law of his predecessor Jalal ud din Firuz Khalji, Jalaluddin. When Jalaluddin became the Sultan of Delhi after deposing the Mamluk dynasty (Delhi), Mamluks, Alauddin was give ...
Alaud-Dīn Khaljī, also called Alauddin Khilji or Alauddin Ghilji (), born Ali Gurshasp, was an emperor of the Khalji dynasty that ruled the Delhi Sultanate The Delhi Sultanate was an Islamic empire based in Delhi that stretched over large parts of the Indian subcontinent for 320 years (1206–1526). [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sumra
The Soomra (or Soomro) dynasty (, '' lit.'' the family/dynasty of the Soomras) was a late medieval dynasty of Sindh, and at times adjacent regions, located in what is now Pakistan. Sources The only contemporary literary source remains the ''Diwan-i Farruhi'', written by one Abul-Hasan Ali in Persian — it described Mahmud of Ghazni's invasion (1025 AD) of Mansura, erstwhile capital of Sindh. Contemporary coinage from Sindh is scarce and of poor quality with offset flans; though some of them can be read to contain the name of Al-Zahir li-i'zaz Din Allah and Al-Mustansir Billah — the Fatimid Caliphs from 1021 until 1094 —, then, they lack in the name of the issuer and cannot evidence the dynasty. Establishment Ali describes the flight and eventual death by drowning of Hafif (var. Khafif), then-ruler of Sindh, during the faceoff with Mahmud but does not specify whether he was the last Habbarid or first Soomra. Later chroniclers like Ali ibn al-Athir (c. late 12th c.) an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zamindar
A zamindar ( Hindustani: Devanagari: , ; Persian: , ) in the Indian subcontinent was an autonomous or semiautonomous ruler of a province. The term itself came into use during the reign of Mughals and later the British had begun using it as a native synonym for “estate”. The term means ''land owner'' in Persian. Typically hereditary, from whom they reserved the right to collect tax on behalf of imperial courts or for military purposes. During the period of British colonial rule in India many wealthy and influential zamindars were bestowed with princely and royal titles such as ''maharaja'' (great king), ''raja/rai'' (king) and ''nawab''. During the Mughal Empire, zamindars belonged to the nobility and formed the ruling class. Emperor Akbar granted them mansabs and their ancestral domains were treated as jagirs. Some zamindars who were Hindu by religion and brahmin or kayastha or kshatriya by caste were converted into Muslims by the Mughals. During the colonial era, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soomro
Soomro ( sd, سومرو, सूमरो) or Soomra or Sumrah is a tribe having a local origin in Sindh who had later claimed to being either Rajputs or Arabs. They are found in Sindh, parts of Punjab especially bordering Sindh, Balochistan province, and the Kutch district of the Indian state of Gujarat and also Rajasthan. The Soomro tribe established the Soomra dynasty in 1025 CE, which re-established native Sindhi rule over Sindh since the Arab conquests. Many members of the Soomro caste were one of the first in Sindh to convert to Islam from Hinduism but initially continued to maintain several Hindu customs and traditions. Origins Many authors have presented conflicting accounts of Soomro's origins. Some say their origins to be of Rajputs who migrated to Sindh from Rajasthan by linking them to the Parmar clan of Rajputs. Others like Ahmad Hasan Dani claims that "of this there is no definite proof" though he too affirms that they originate in the Indian subcontinent. M. H. P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Delhi Sultanate
The Delhi Sultanate was an Islamic empire based in Delhi that stretched over large parts of the Indian subcontinent for 320 years (1206–1526).Delhi Sultanate Encyclopædia Britannica Following the invasion of by the , five dynasties ruled over the Delhi Sultanate sequentially: the Mamluk dynasty (1206–1290), the Khalji dynasty (1290–1320), the |
Multan
Multan (; ) is a city in Punjab, Pakistan, on the bank of the Chenab River. Multan is Pakistan's seventh largest city as per the 2017 census, and the major cultural, religious and economic centre of southern Punjab. Multan is one of the List of oldest continuously inhabited cities#Asia, oldest continuously inhabited cities in Asia, with a history stretching deep into antiquity. The ancient city was the site of the renowned Multan Sun Temple, and was besieged by Alexander the Great during the Mallian Campaign. A historic cultural centre of the wider Punjab, it was conquered by the Ummayad military commander Muhammad bin qasim, Muhammad bin Qasim. The city later became independent as the capital of the Emirate of Multan in 855 A.D., before subsequently coming under the rule of empires such as the Ghaznavids, the Ghurids and the Mamluk Sultanate, Mamluks. In 1445, it became capital of the Langah Sultanate. In 1526, it was conquered by the Mughal Empire. Multan Subah would become o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sufism
Sufism ( ar, ''aṣ-ṣūfiyya''), also known as Tasawwuf ( ''at-taṣawwuf''), is a mystic body of religious practice, found mainly within Sunni Islam but also within Shia Islam, which is characterized by a focus on Islamic spirituality, ritualism, asceticism and esotericism. It has been variously defined as "Islamic mysticism",Martin Lings, ''What is Sufism?'' (Lahore: Suhail Academy, 2005; first imp. 1983, second imp. 1999), p.15 "the mystical expression of Islamic faith", "the inward dimension of Islam", "the phenomenon of mysticism within Islam", the "main manifestation and the most important and central crystallization" of mystical practice in Islam, and "the interiorization and intensification of Islamic faith and practice". Practitioners of Sufism are referred to as "Sufis" (from , ), and historically typically belonged to "orders" known as (pl. ) – congregations formed around a grand who would be the last in a chain of successive teachers linking back to Muham ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suhrawardiyya
The Suhrawardiyya ( ar, سهروردية, fa, سهروردیه) is a Sufi order founded by Abu al-Najib Suhrawardi (died 1168). Lacking a centralised structure, it eventually divided into various branches. The order was especially prominent in India. The ideology of the Suhrawardiyya was inspired by Junayd of Baghdad (died 910) a Persian scholar and mystic from Baghdad. Under the Ilkhanate (1256–1335), the Suhrawardiyya was one of the three leading Sufi orders, and was based in western Iran. The order had its own '' khanaqahs'' (Sufi lodges), which helped them spread their influence throughout Persianate culture and society. The order included prominent members such as the Akbarian mystics Abd al-Razzaq Kashani (died 1329) and Sa'id al-Din Farghani (died 1300), and the Persian poet Saadi Shirazi Saadi Shīrāzī ( fa, ابومحمّد مصلحالدین بن عبدالله شیرازی), better known by his pen name Saadi (; fa, سعدی, , ), also known as Sadi of Shi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.jpg "Click for more on -> Sama-Bajau Peoples")
_1938.jpg "Click for more on -> People From Sindh")
.svg "Click for more on -> Sumra")
