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Sławianowo
Sławianowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Złotów, within Złotów County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately south-east of Złotów and north of the regional capital Poznań. It is situated on the northern shore of Lake Sławianowskie Wielkie in the ethnocultural region of Krajna in the historic region of Greater Poland. History The territory became a part of the emerging Polish state under its first historic ruler Mieszko I in the 10th century. Sławianowo was a private village of szlachta, Polish nobility, including the Działyński family, administratively located in the Nakło County in the Kalisz Voivodeship (1314–1793), Kalisz Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province, Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, Greater Poland Province. In 1704, the Brotherhood of Saint Barbara was founded in Sławianowo. In 1885, it had a population of 140. In 1939, the Germans arrested the local Polish parish priest, and murdered ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Okalewo
Okalewo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Skrwilno, within Rypin County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately north of Skrwilno, east of Rypin, and east of Toruń. History In 1827, the village had a population of 341. A steam mill was built in 1869. During the Occupation of Poland (1939–1945), German occupation of Poland (World War II), local teachers were among Polish teachers from the county deceitfully gathered at a supposed formal meeting and then massacred in Rypin in November 1939 (see ''Intelligenzaktion''). Furthermore, a Polish teacher from Sławianowo was murdered by the occupiers in the forest of Okalewo.Wardzyńska, p. 81 Notable people *Czesław Młot-Fijałkowski (1892–1944), brigadier general of the Polish Army References Villages in Rypin County {{Rypin-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gmina Złotów
__NOTOC__ Gmina Złotów is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Złotów County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Złotów, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina. The gmina covers an area of , and as of 2006 its total population is 9,052. Villages Gmina Złotów contains the villages and settlements of Bielawa, Blękwit, Bługowiec, Bługowo, Buntowo, Dzierzążenko, Franciszkowo, Gajek, Górzna, Grodno, Józefowo, Kaczochy, Kamień, Kleszczyna, Kleszczynka, Klukowo, Kobylnik, Krzywa Wieś, Krzywa Wieś-Leśniczówka, Łopienko, Międzybłocie, Nowa Kleszczyna, Nowa Święta, Nowa Święta-Leśniczówka, Nowa Święta-Osada, Nowiny, Nowiny-Osada, Nowy Dwór, Pieczyn, Pieczynek, Płosków, Radawnica, Rosochy, Rudna, Skic, Sławianówko, Sławianowo, Stare Dzierząźno, Stawnica, Stawno, Święta, Wąsosz, Wielatowo and Zalesie. Neighbouring gminas Gmina Złotów is bor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Sovereign States
The following is a list providing an overview of sovereign states around the world with information on their status and recognition of their sovereignty. The 205 listed states can be divided into three categories based on membership within the United Nations System: 193 member states of the United Nations, UN member states, two United Nations General Assembly observers#Current non-member observers, UN General Assembly non-member observer states, and ten other states. The ''sovereignty dispute'' column indicates states having undisputed sovereignty (188 states, of which there are 187 UN member states and one UN General Assembly non-member observer state), states having disputed sovereignty (15 states, of which there are six UN member states, one UN General Assembly non-member observer state, and eight de facto states), and states having a political status of the Cook Islands and Niue, special political status (two states, both in associated state, free association with New ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Szlachta
The ''szlachta'' (; ; ) were the nobility, noble estate of the realm in the Kingdom of Poland, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Depending on the definition, they were either a warrior "caste" or a social class, and they dominated those states by exercising szlachta's privileges, political rights and power. Szlachta as a class differed significantly from the Feudalism, feudal nobility of Western Europe. The estate was officially abolished in 1921 by the March Constitution (Poland), March Constitution."Szlachta. Szlachta w Polsce" ''Encyklopedia PWN'' The origins of the ''szlachta'' are obscure and the subject of several theories. The ''szlachta'' secured Golden Liberty, substantial and increasing political power and rights throughout its history, begin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allies Of World War II
The Allies, formally referred to as the United Nations from 1942, were an international Coalition#Military, military coalition formed during World War II (1939–1945) to oppose the Axis powers. Its principal members were the "Four Policemen, Big Four" – the United Kingdom, United States, Soviet Union, and Republic of China (1912–1949), China. Membership in the Allies varied during the course of the war. When the conflict broke out on 1 September 1939, the Allied coalition consisted of the United Kingdom, French Third Republic, France, and Second Polish Republic, Poland, as well as their respective Dependent territory, dependencies, such as British Raj, British India. They were joined by the independent dominions of the British Commonwealth: Canada, Australia, Dominion of New Zealand, New Zealand and Union of South Africa, South Africa. Consequently, the initial alliance resembled Allies of World War I, that of the First World War. As Axis forces began German invasion of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Prisoner-of-war Camps In World War II
Nazi Germany operated around 1,000 prisoner-of-war camps () during World War II (1939-1945). The most common types of camps were Oflag, Oflags ("Officer camp") and Stalag, Stalags ("Base camp" – for enlisted personnel POW camps), although other less common types existed as well. Legal background German Reich, Germany signed the Third Geneva Convention of 1929, which established norms relating to the treatment of prisoners of war. * Article 10 required PoWs be lodged in adequately heated and lighted buildings where conditions were the same as for German troops. * Articles 27-32 detailed the conditions of labour. Enlisted ranks were required to perform whatever labour they were asked if able to do, so long as it was not dangerous and did not support the German war-effort. Senior non-commissioned officers (sergeants and above) were required to work only in a supervisory role. Commissioned officers were not required to work, although they could volunteer. The work performed was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stalag II-B
Stalag II-B was a German World War II prisoner-of-war camp situated west of the town of Hammerstein, Pomerania (now Czarne, Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland) on the north side of the railway line. It housed Polish, French, Belgian, Serbian, Dutch, Soviet, Italian and American prisoners of war. Camp history The camp was situated on a former army training ground (''Übungsplatz''), and had been used during World War I as a camp for Russian prisoners. In 1933 it was established as one of the first Nazi concentration camps, to house German communists, however, it was dissolved after several months, and the prisoners were deported elsewhere. In late September 1939 the camp was changed to a prisoner-of-war camp to house Polish soldiers from the September Campaign, particularly those from the Pomorze Army. By mid-September 1939, there were some 3,000 Polish POWs in the camp, and the number further grew afterwards. At first they lived in tents, throughout the severe winter of 1939 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forced Labour Under German Rule During World War II
The use of Slavery, slave and forced labour in Nazi Germany () and throughout German-occupied Europe during World War II took place on an unprecedented scale. It was a vital part of the Economics of fascism#Political economy of Nazi Germany, German economic exploitation of conquered territories. It also contributed to the mass extermination of populations in occupied Europe. The Germans abducted approximately 12million people from almost twenty European countries; about two thirds came from Central Europe and Eastern Europe.Part1 an Part 2 . Many workers died as a result ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the world's countries participated, with many nations mobilising all resources in pursuit of total war. Tanks in World War II, Tanks and Air warfare of World War II, aircraft played major roles, enabling the strategic bombing of cities and delivery of the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, first and only nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II is the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflict in history, causing World War II casualties, the death of 70 to 85 million people, more than half of whom were civilians. Millions died in genocides, including the Holocaust, and by massacres, starvation, and disease. After the Allied victory, Allied-occupied Germany, Germany, Allied-occupied Austria, Austria, Occupation of Japan, Japan, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Institute Of National Remembrance
The Institute of National Remembrance – Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation (, abbreviated IPN) is a Polish state research institute in charge of education and archives which also includes two public prosecution service components exercising investigative, prosecution and Lustration in Poland, lustration powers. The IPN was established by the Polish parliament by the Act on the Institute of National Remembrance of 18 December 1998 through reforming and expanding the earlier Main Commission for the ''Investigation'' of Crimes against the Polish Nation of 1991, which itself had replaced the General Commission for Research on Fascist Crimes, a body established in 1945 focused on investigating the crimes of the Nazi administration in Poland during World War II. In 2018, IPN's mission statement was amended by the controversial Amendment to the Act on the Institute of National Remembrance to include "protecting the reputation of the Republic of Poland ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nazi Crimes Against The Polish Nation
War crime, Crimes against the Polish nation committed by Nazi Germany and Axis powers, Axis collaborationist forces during the invasion of Poland, along with Schutzmannschaft#Police battalions, auxiliary battalions during the subsequent occupation of Poland in World War II, included the genocide of millions of Polish people, especially the systematic extermination of History of the Jews in Poland, Jewish Poles. These mass killings were enacted by the Nazis with further plans that were justified by their Racial policy of Nazi Germany, racial theories, which regarded Poles and other Slavs, and especially Jews, as racially inferior ''Untermenschen''. By 1942, the Nazis were implementing their plan to murder every Jew in German-occupied Europe, and had also developed plans to reduce the Polish people through mass murder, ethnic cleansing, enslavement and extermination through labor, and assimilation into German identity of a small minority of Poles deemed "racially valuable". Dur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish Academy Of Sciences
The Polish Academy of Sciences (, PAN) is a Polish state-sponsored institution of higher learning. Headquartered in Warsaw, it is responsible for spearheading the development of science across the country by a society of distinguished scholars and a network of research institutes. It was established in 1951, during the early period of the Polish People's Republic following World War II. History The Polish Academy of Sciences is a Polish state-sponsored institution of higher learning, headquartered in Warsaw, that was established by the merger of earlier science societies, including the Polish Academy of Learning (''Polska Akademia Umiejętności'', abbreviated ''PAU''), with its seat in Kraków, and the Warsaw Society of Friends of Learning (Science), which had been founded in the late 18th century. The Polish Academy of Sciences functions as a learned society acting through an elected assembly of leading scholars and research institutions. The Academy has also, operating throug ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
