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Süleyman Askerî
Süleyman Askerî Bey, also known as Suleyman Askeri, Sulayman Askari, Sulaiman al-Askari (; Turkish language, Turkish: ''Süleyman Askeri'') and unofficially known as Suleyman Askeri Pasha (1884 – 14 April 1915), was a military officer who served in the Ottoman Army (1861–1922), Ottoman Army. Askerî was of Circassians, Circassian descent and co founder of the Special Organization (Ottoman Empire), Teşkilât-ı Mahsusa (Special Organisation), a group involved in guerrilla warfare. Life Süleyman Askerî was born to General Vehbi Pasha, who served as military staff at Edirne in 1898 and then in Anatolia, in 1884 in Prizren. He graduated from the Ottoman Military Academy in 1902 and graduated from the Ottoman Military College on 5 November 1905 as Distinguished Captain (OF-2), Captain (''Mümtaz Yüzbaşı'' ). He was assigned to Monastir (present-day Bitola) under the command of the Third Army (Ottoman Empire), Third Army stationed at Salonica (present-day Thessaloniki) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman Military Academy
The Turkish Military Academy () or as it is known historically and popularly Harbiye is a four-year co-educational military academy and part of the National Defence University. It is located in the center of Ankara, Turkey. Its mission is to develop cadets mentally and physically for service as commissioned officers in the Turkish Army, and is the oldest of the academies of the Armed Forces (opened 1834). After the 2016 coup d'état attempt, the Military Academy (along with the Naval Academy, the Air Force Academy and all the other military educational institutions) became part of the new National Defence University, which was formed under the Ministry of National Defence. History On 15 June 1826, Sultan Mahmud II abolished the Janissary Corps, which had become corrupt and refused to implement modern military tactics. He then decided to establish a modern army called Asakir-i Mansure-i Muhammediye (''Victorious Soldiers of Prophet Muhammad'') in its place. On 7 Ju ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk ( 1881 – 10 November 1938) was a Turkish field marshal and revolutionary statesman who was the founding father of the Republic of Turkey, serving as its first President of Turkey, president from 1923 until Death and state funeral of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, his death in 1938. He undertook sweeping Atatürk's reforms, reforms, which modernized Turkey into a secularism in Turkey, secular, industrializing nation. Ideologically a Secularism, secularist and Turkish nationalism, nationalist, Atatürk's reforms, his policies and socio-political theories became known as Kemalism. He came to prominence for his role in securing the Ottoman victory at the Battle of Gallipoli (1915) during World War I. Although not directly involved in the Armenian genocide, his government would later grant immunity to remaining perpetrators. Following the defeat of the Ottoman Empire after World War I, he led the Turkish National Movement, which resisted the Empire's partition ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nuri Conker
Mehmet Nuri Conker (September 20, 1882 – January 11, 1937) was a Turkish politician and an officer of the Ottoman Army and the Turkish Army. Mehmet Nuri Conker was the oldest childhood and lifelong friend of Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk). Mehmet Nuri Conker was a graduate of the War Academy of the Ottoman Empire (Harp Akademisi). He retired as a Colonel (Kurmay Albay). Mehmet Nuri Conker married Nedime Hanim (1890?-1969) and they had four children: Orhan Conker (1910-1975); Mahmut Cahit Conker (1912-1964); Ali Necip Conker (1914-1973); Kiymet Tesal Conker (1916-1988). His sister Dürriye Hanım married Salih Bozok. According to Philip Hendrick Stoddard, he was a brother-in-law of Süleyman Askerî Bey.''The Ottoman Government and the Arabs, 1911 to 1918: A Preliminary Study of the Teskilât-ı Mahsusa'', Princeton University, 1963, p. 175. Mehmet Nuri Conker fought on numerous fronts: Libya, Manastir, the Dardanelles, the Eastern front, in Syria and in the Turkish War of Indepen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eşref Sencer
Eşref is the Turkish spelling of the Arabic masculine given name Ashraf (Arabic: أَشْراف ''ashrāf''), meaning "most noble or honorable". It may refer to: Given name * Eşref Apak (born 1982), Turkish hammer thrower *Eşref Armağan (born 1953), Turkish painter * Eşref Bilgiç (1908–1992), Turkish footballer and manager *Eşref Bitlis (1933–1993), Turkish army general * Eşref Hamamcıoğlu (born 1954), Turkish entrepreneur and investor * Ešref Jašarević (born 1959), Bosnian footballer *Eşref Kolçak (1927–2019), Turkish actor * Eşref Özmenç (1930–1990), Turkish footballer *Eşref Uğur Yiğit (born 1945), Turkish admiral * Eşref Vaiz, Cypriot politician Middle name * Ahmet Eşref Fakıbaba (born 1951), Turkish politician and doctor * Ragıp Eşref Filiz (born 1978), Turkish journalist and author * Ruşen Eşref Ünaydın (1892–1959), Turkish diplomat, politician and scholar See also *Eshrefids, Anatolian beylik (medieval Turkish principality or emirat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shemsi Pasha (general)
Shemsi Pasha (, ; 1846–1908) was an Ottoman-Albanian general. Biography Early life and military career Shemsi Pasha traced his origin paternally to the Kuči brotherhoods of Bisheva, Tregoviste and maternally to the Hoti of Pejë. In his lifetime he was known as an Albanian. "Şemsi apparently came from a mixed Albanian-Bosnian background, but he was known as an Albanian."; p. 210. "Two Albanians are worth noting in this regard. Şemsi Pasa, a Geg..." He was born in a small village within İpek Sanjak, Kosovo Vilayet, Ottoman Empire in 1846. Originating from a humble background and being unschooled, he began his military career first as a private and later was promoted to ''farik'' (general). Shemsi as such was an ''alaylı'' (a person that rises through the army ranks to become an officer) and not a ''mektepli'' (a person who gets military school education and then enters the officer corps). In 1901 Shemsi, a favorite of Abdul Hamid II and his trusted official was appo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atıf Kamçıl
Atıf Kamçıl, also known as Atif Bey, Atif Efendi (1880–1947) was an Ottoman revolutionary and Turkish politician. Biography Young Turk Revolution and assassination of Shemsi Pasha On 3 July 1908 Adjutant Major Ahmed Niyazi Bey deserted the Ottoman army fled into the mountains with a guerilla band and initiated the Young Turk Revolution calling for the restoration of the constitution of 1876. By 7 July, General Shemsi Pasha with one unit of volunteers and two army battalions reached Monastir (modern Bitola) by train and was tasked by Ottoman authorities to end the Young Turk (CUP) rebellion. Shemsi and his military forces were viewed as a threat by the CUP Monastir branch and took the decision to assassinate Shemsi before he would begin his military campaign. First Lieutenant Atıf Kamçıl, a CUP revolutionary and member of the self-sacrificing volunteer division of the CUP Monastir branch wrote later in life that he alone decided to assassinate Shemsi. Kamçıl stated ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Young Turk Revolution
The Young Turk Revolution (July 1908; ) was a constitutionalist revolution in the Ottoman Empire. Revolutionaries belonging to the Internal Committee of Union and Progress, an organization of the Young Turks movement, forced Sultan Abdul Hamid II to restore the Constitution of the Ottoman Empire, Constitution, recall the General Assembly of the Ottoman Empire, parliament, and schedule an 1908 Ottoman general election, election. Thus began the Second Constitutional Era which lasted from 1908–1912 and also the Turkish Revolution, an era of political instability and social change which lasted for more than four decades. The revolution took place in Rumelia, Ottoman Rumeli in the context of the Macedonian Struggle and the increasing instability of the Hamidian regime. It began with CUP member Ahmed Niyazi Bey, Ahmed Niyazi's flight into the Albanian highlands. He was soon joined by Enver Pasha, İsmail Enver, Eyüp Sabri Akgöl, Eyub Sabri, and other Unionist officers. They networke ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plovdiv
Plovdiv (, ) is the List of cities and towns in Bulgaria, second-largest city in Bulgaria, 144 km (93 miles) southeast of the capital Sofia. It had a population of 490,983 and 675,000 in the greater metropolitan area. Plovdiv is a cultural hub in Bulgaria and was the European Capital of Culture in 1999 and 2019. The city is an important economic, transport, cultural, and educational centre. Plovdiv joined the UNESCO Global Network of Learning Cities in 2016. Archeological symbols of Plovdiv Plovdiv is in a fertile region of south-central Bulgaria on the two banks of the Maritsa River. The city has historically developed on seven syenite hills, some of which are high. Because of these hills, Plovdiv is often referred to in Bulgaria as "The City of the Seven Hills". There is evidence of habitation in the area dating back to the 6th millennium BCE, when the first Neolithic settlements were established. The city was subsequently a Thracians, Thracian settlement, later being conq ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Committee Of Union And Progress
The Ottoman Committee of Union and Progress (CUP, also translated as the Society of Union and Progress; , French language, French: ''Union et Progrès'') was a revolutionary group, secret society, and political party, active between 1889 and 1926 in the Ottoman Empire and in the Turkey, Republic of Turkey. The foremost faction of the Young Turks, the CUP instigated the 1908 Young Turk Revolution, which ended absolute monarchy and began the Second Constitutional Era. After an ideological transformation, from 1913 to 1918, the CUP ruled the empire as a dictatorship and committed Genocides in history#Ottoman Empire/Turkey, genocides against the Armenian genocide, Armenian, Greek genocide, Greek, and Sayfo, Assyrian peoples as part of a broader policy of ethnic erasure during the late Ottoman period. The CUP and its members have often been referred to as "Young Turks", although the Young Turk movement produced List of political parties in the Ottoman Empire, other Ottoman political par ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thessaloniki
Thessaloniki (; ), also known as Thessalonica (), Saloniki, Salonika, or Salonica (), is the second-largest city in Greece (with slightly over one million inhabitants in its Thessaloniki metropolitan area, metropolitan area) and the capital city, capital of the geographic regions of Greece, geographic region of Macedonia (Greece), Macedonia, the administrative regions of Greece, administrative region of Central Macedonia and the Decentralized Administration of Macedonia and Thrace. It is also known in Greek as , literally "the co-capital", a reference to its historical status as the "co-reigning" city () of the Byzantine Empire alongside Constantinople. Thessaloniki is located on the Thermaic Gulf, at the northwest corner of the Aegean Sea. It is bounded on the west by the Axios Delta National Park, delta of the Axios. The Thessaloniki (municipality), municipality of Thessaloniki, the historical centre, had a population of 319,045 in 2021, while the Thessaloniki metropolitan are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Third Army (Ottoman Empire)
The Third Army was originally established in Skopje and later defended the northeastern provinces of the Ottoman Empire. Its initial headquarters was at Salonica, where it formed the core of the military forces that supported the Young Turk Revolution of 1908. Many of its officers who participated in the Revolution, including Enver Pasha and Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, rose to fame and power. By 1911, the Army had been moved to Erzincan in northeastern Anatolia, and with the onset of World War I, it was moved to Erzurum. During the war, it fought against the Russian Caucasus Army, Armenian volunteer units and behind the lines dealt with the Armenian Resistance within its designated area. During this period, the Battle of Sarikamish, Battle of Koprukoy and the Battle of Erzurum were significant engagements. The army's headquarters was moved to Susehir (a town near Sivas) after the disastrous Battle of Erzurum, and by late 1916 the army lacked any offensive capability. After t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
