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Sûreté Nationale (Morocco)
The General Directorate for National Security (; ; , DGSN) is the national Police, police force of the Kingdom of Morocco. The DGSN is tasked with upholding the law and Public-order crime, public order. It was founded on 16 May 1956 by King Mohammed V of Morocco, Mohammed V. It works alongside the ''Gendarmerie Royale'' and the ''Forces Auxiliaires''. In 2007, the Sûreté Nationale had approximately 46,000 personnel. A decade later, in 2017, the number of personnel had increased to 70,000. As of 2004, the Sûreté Nationale operated the following specialist divisions: * The Border Police: responsible for border control and surveillance * Mobile Intervention Corps: tasked with rapid intervention in major emergencies * National Brigade: primarily responsible for investigation of serious crimes, including terrorism, organized and white-collar crime. History Pre-colonial Before the 20th century, a regionalized Shurta (police) enforced Sharia, Sharia law and ensured security a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moroccan Dirham
The Moroccan dirham (, ; Currency symbol, sign: DH; code: MAD) is the official monetary currency of Morocco. It is issued by the Bank Al-Maghrib, the central bank of Morocco. One Moroccan dirham is subdivided into 100 ''santimat'' (singular: santim; ). The exchange rate of the Moroccan dirham is determined within a band of fluctuation of ± 5 percent compared to a central rate established by Bank Al-Maghrib, the central bank of Morocco on the basis of a currency basket composed of the euro and United States dollar by up to 60% and 40% respectively. History The word ''dirham'' derives from the Greek currency, the ''Ancient drachma, drachma''. The Idrissid dirham, a silver coin, was minted in Morocco under the Idrisid dynasty from the 8th to 10th centuries. Before the introduction of a modern coinage in 1882, Morocco issued copper coins denominated in ''falus'', silver coins denominated in ''dirham'', and gold coins denominated in ''benduqi''. From 1882, the dirham became a subdivi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pasha
Pasha (; ; ) was a high rank in the Ottoman Empire, Ottoman political and military system, typically granted to governors, generals, dignitary, dignitaries, and others. ''Pasha'' was also one of the highest titles in the 20th-century Kingdom of Egypt and it was also used in Morocco in the 20th century, where it denoted a regional official or governor of a district. Etymology The English word ''pasha'' comes from Turkish language, Turkish ('; also ()). The Oxford English Dictionary attributes the origin of the English borrowing to the mid-17th century. The etymology of the Turkish word itself has been a matter of debate. Contrary to titles like emir (''amīr'') and bey (sir), which were established in usage much earlier, the title ''pasha'' came into Ottoman Empire, Ottoman usage right after the reign of Osman I (d. 1324), though it had been used before the Ottomans by some Anatolian beyliks, Anatolian Turkish rulers of the same era. Old Turkish had no fixed distinction betwe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahmed Dlimi
Ahmed Dlimi (; 16 July 1931 in Zaggota, Sidi Kacem Province – 25 January 1983, Marrakesh) was a Moroccan general under the rule of Hassan II. After General Mohamed Oufkir's 1972 assassination, he became Hassan II's right-hand man. He led the Western Sahara War and played a major role in the Angolan Civil War. He was promoted to General during the Green March in 1975, and took charge of the Moroccan Armed Forces in the Southern Zone, where the military were fighting the Polisario Front. Early life Dlimi comes from a family originally from Zaggota, a village in the Chrarda region that is administratively part of Sidi Kacem Province. His father, Lahcen Dlimi, was a rural aristocrat falling over the Middle Eastern umbrella term of Pasha for his land-owning nature during the Protectorate Era. It was reported that it was Lahcen Dlimi who co-opted Mohammed Oufkir for a job in the colonial administration in the late 1940s. After the independence of Morocco, he briefly marr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohamed Oufkir
General Mohamed Oufkir (; 16 August 1920 − 16 August 1972) was a Moroccan senior military officer who held many important governmental posts like the minister of interior and minister of defense. Throughout the 60s, he rose to become the regime's strongman having a close relationship with Hassan II of Morocco. It is believed that he was involved in the Ben Barka affair and that he was assassinated for his alleged role in the failed 1972 Moroccan coup attempt. Early Life Mohamed Oufkir was born on 16 August 1920 in the Ait Seghrouchen village of , in the Tafilalt region, the stronghold of High Atlas Berbers or the Berber-speaking village of Boudnib. His father, Ahmed Oufkir, was a French-appointed local caid and was appointed pasha of Boudnib by Hubert Lyautey in 1910. The name Oufkir means "the impoverished" according to his daughter Malika. He studied at the Berber College of Azrou near Meknes. In 1939, he entered the Military Academy of Dar El Beida, and in 194 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
General Directorate For Territorial Surveillance (Morocco)
The General Directorate for Territorial Surveillance (; ; ; DGST) is the civilian domestic intelligence service of Morocco. It is tasked with the monitoring and anticipation of potentially subversive domestic activities. Since 2005, the DGST is led by Abdellatif Hammouchi, who also runs the country's national police force, the Sûreté Nationale (DGSN). The DGST was previously known as the Direction de la Surveillance du Territoire (DST). Organizational structure The DGST is under the administrative supervision of the Ministry of Interior and specializes in counter-espionage, counter-terrorism, and protection of economic and scientific assets. It has a number of central services, led by the Cabinet of the Director-General, alongside a number of territorial brigades which constitute local representations of the DGST across the country and within some government departments. The DGST also has a special forces unit, the Rapid Intervention Group (GIR), which intervenes in count ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marrakesh-Safi
Marrakesh-Safi () is one of the twelve regions of Morocco.Jounaux.ma Its population in 2014 was 4,520,569. The capital is . History Marrakech-Asfi was formed in September 2015 by merging the old region of Marrakech-Tensift-El Haouz with the provinces of Asfi and Youssoufia in[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moment Magnitude Scale
The moment magnitude scale (MMS; denoted explicitly with or Mwg, and generally implied with use of a single M for magnitude) is a measure of an earthquake's magnitude ("size" or strength) based on its seismic moment. was defined in a 1979 paper by Thomas C. Hanks and Hiroo Kanamori. Similar to the local magnitude scale, local magnitude/Richter scale () defined by Charles Francis Richter in 1935, it uses a logarithmic scale; small earthquakes have approximately the same magnitudes on both scales. Despite the difference, news media often use the term "Richter scale" when referring to the moment magnitude scale. Moment magnitude () is considered the authoritative magnitude scale for ranking earthquakes by size. It is more directly related to the energy of an earthquake than other scales, and does not saturatethat is, it does not underestimate magnitudes as other scales do in certain conditions. It has become the standard scale used by seismological authorities like the United State ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2023 Marrakesh-Safi Earthquake
On 8 September 2023 at 23:11 Daylight saving time in Morocco, DST (22:11 Coordinated Universal Time, UTC), an earthquake with a moment magnitude of 6.9 and maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (''Violent'') struck Morocco's Al Haouz Province. The earthquake's epicenter was southwest of Marrakesh, near the town of Ighil, Morocco, Ighil and the Oukaïmeden ski resort in the Atlas Mountains. It occurred as a result of shallow Fault (geology)#Oblique-slip faults, oblique-thrust faulting beneath the mountain range. At least 2,960 deaths were reported, with most occurring outside Marrakesh. Damage was widespread, and historic landmarks in Marrakesh were destroyed. The earthquake was also felt in Spain, Portugal, and Algeria. It is the strongest instrumentally recorded earthquake in Morocco, the deadliest in the country since the 1960 Agadir earthquake, and the second-deadliest earthquake of Earthquakes in 2023, 2023 after the 2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes, Turkey–Syria earthquakes. Its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Protectorate In Morocco
The French protectorate in Morocco, also known as French Morocco, was the period of French colonial rule in Morocco that lasted from 1912 to 1956. The protectorate was officially established 30 March 1912, when List of rulers of Morocco, Sultan Abd al-Hafid of Morocco, Abd al-Hafid signed the Treaty of Fez, though the French French conquest of Morocco, military occupation of Morocco had begun with the invasion of Oujda and the Bombardment of Casablanca (1907), bombardment of Casablanca in 1907. The French protectorate lasted until the dissolution of the Treaty of Fez on 2 March 1956, with the Franco-Moroccan Joint Declaration. Morocco's independence movement, described in Moroccan historiography as the Revolution of the King and the People, restored the exiled Mohammed V of Morocco, Mohammed V but it did not end the French presence in Morocco. France preserved its influence in the country, including a right to station French troops and to have a say in Morocco's foreign policy. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qaid
Qaid ( ', "commander"; pl. ', or '), also spelled kaid or caïd, is a word meaning "commander" or "leader." It was a title in the Normans, Norman kingdom of Sicily, applied to palatine officials and members of the ''curia'', usually to those who were Muslims or converts to Islam. The word entered the Latin language as ''gaitus'' or ''gaytus''. Later the word was used in North Africa for the governor of a fortress or the warden of a prison, also in Spain and Portugal in the form with the definite article "alcayde" or "alcaide". It is also used as a male Arabic given name. Notable qaids *Jawhar (general), Al-Qaid Jawhar (active 950–992), A Saqaliba, Slavic general who conquered the Maghreb and Egypt for the Fatimid Caliphate. *Al-Qa'id al-Bata'ihi, chief of staff and successor of al-Afdal Shahanshah as vizier of the Fatimid Caliphate. *Thomas Brun (active 1137–1154), Englishman who served Roger II of Sicily. *Ahmed es-Sikeli, known as Caid Peter (active 1160s), eunuch in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Makhzen
Makhzen (, , ) is the governing institution in Morocco and in pre-1957 Tunisia, centered on the monarch and consisting of royal notables, top-ranking military personnel, landowners, security service bosses, civil servants and other well-connected members of the establishment. The term "Makhzen" is also popularly used in Morocco as a word meaning "State" or "Government". Etymology The word ''makhzen'' () literally means "warehouse" in Arabic (from ''khazana'' 'to store up'), where the king's civil servants used to receive their wages; but this usage of the word became in Moroccan Arabic synonymous with the elite. It is likely a metonymy related to taxes, which the ''makhzen'' used to collect; the term may also refer to the state or its actors, but this usage is increasingly rare and is primarily used by the older generation. It is the origin of the Spanish and Portuguese ''almacén'' and ''armazém'' (with addition of the Arabic definite article), meaning warehouse. It was als ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Algeciras Conference
The Algeciras Conference of 1906 took place in Algeciras, Spain, and lasted from 16 January to 7 April. The purpose of the conference was to find a solution to the First Moroccan Crisis of 1905 between France and Germany, which arose as Germany responded to France's effort to establish a protectorate over the independent state of Morocco. Germany was not trying to stop French expansion. Its goal was to enhance its own international prestige, and it failed badly. The result was a much closer relationship between France and Britain that strengthened the Entente Cordiale since both London and Paris were increasingly suspicious and distrustful of Berlin. An even more momentous consequence was the heightened sense of frustration and readiness for war in Germany that spread beyond the political elite to much of the press and most of the political parties except for the Liberals and Social Democrats on the left. The Pan-German element grew in strength, denounced the government's re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
