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Sydvaranger
Sydvaranger AS, previously A/S Sydvaranger, is an iron ore mining company in Sør-Varanger, Norway. Since 2015 its mining operations have not restarted yet. Sydvaranger is owned by Tacora resources, and it owns an open-pit mine at Bjørnevatn. Sydvaranger has traditionally hauled the ore with the Kirkenes–Bjørnevatn Line to Kirkenes for processing and shipping. The ore was discovered in 1866, but it was not until the 1900s that new technology made it commercially viable. Sydvaranger was established in 1906 by Christian Anker and Nils Persson and had Sweden's Metallurgiska as the majority owner. Production started in 1910 and capacity was increased in 1913. Production halted during World War I and the company could not recover afterwards, resulting in it falling under bankruptcy protection between 1924 and 1927. During the 1930s the company also owned Rana Mine at Storforshei in Rana. During the German withdrawal in October 1944 Kirkenes was scorched, including most of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kirkenes–Bjørnevatn Line
The Kirkenes–Bjørnevatn Line ( no, Kirkenes–Bjørnevatnbanen), or the Sydvaranger Line (), is a long railway line between Kirkenes and Bjørnevatn in Sør-Varanger, Norway. Owned by the private mining company Northern Iron, the single-track railway is solely used to haul 20 daily iron ore trains from Bjørnevatn Mine to the port at Kirkenes. It was the world's northernmost railway until 2010, when the Obskaya–Bovanenkovo Line in Russia went further north. The line was built by the mining company Sydvaranger, who started construction in 1907 and inaugurated the railway in 1910. From 1912, the port network received electrification, as did the mainline in 1920. Originally, free passenger trains services were also offered. During the Second World War, the line was largely destroyed, but rebuilt afterwards and re-opened in 1952. Electric traction was abandoned in 1955 when two EMD G12 diesel locomotives were bought. The line closed in 1997, but was reopened in 2009, follow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sør-Varanger
Sør-Varanger ( sme, Máttá-Várjjat, fkv, Etelä-Varenki, fi, Etelä-Varanki, russian: Сёр-Вара́нгер/Syor-Varánger) is a municipality in Troms og Finnmark county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Kirkenes. Other settlements in the municipality include the villages of Bjørnevatn, Bugøynes, Elvenes, Grense Jakobselv, Hesseng, Jakobsnes, Neiden, and Sandnes. Located west of the Norway–Russia border, Sør-Varanger is the only Norwegian municipality that shares a land border with Russia, with the only legal border crossing at Storskog. The municipality is the 6th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Sør-Varanger is the 112th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 9,925. The municipality's population density is and its population has increased by 0.7% over the previous 10-year period. Name The meaning of the name Sør-Varanger comes from the name of the large Varangerfjorden (Ol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bjørnevatn
Bjørnevatn is a village in Sør-Varanger Municipality in Troms og Finnmark county, Norway. The village lies about south of the town of Kirkenes and about west of the Norway-Russia border. The village has a couple of suburbs including Hesseng to the north and Sandnes to the west. The Bjørnevatn IL is the local sports team. The village has a population (2018) of 2,540 which gives the village a population density of . Mine The bedrock below Bjørnevatn is located in the East Finnmark mountain formation (''Øst-Finnmarks grunnfjellsområde''). Iron ore deposits were originally discovered in the area during 1868 with commercial production of iron ore by 1910. The Sydvaranger iron ore mines are located just south of Bjørnevatn. The Kirkenes–Bjørnevatn Line is a short railway line that runs from the mines to the town and port at Kirkenes to the north. History The village used to be located near the shores of the lake Bjørnevatnet, but the lake was drained in 1958 so tha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tellef Dahll
Tellef Dahll (10 April 1825, in Kragerø – 17 June 1893, in Morgedal) was a Norwegian mineralogist and geologist. Life After graduating in minearology from the University of Christiania in 1846, Dahll worked for private mining companies. He found coal on the island of Andøya, iron ore at Bjørnevatn and in 1867 Dahll discovered gold from the Tana and Anarjohka rivers, which launched the 1870 gold rush in the Finnish Lapland. Since 1858 Dahll and Theodor Kjerulf led the first geological survey of Norway.Fontani, Marco & Costa, Mariagrazia & Oma, Mary Virginia: ″The Lost Elements: The Periodic Table's Shadow Side″, p. 136. Oxford University Press, 2014. Google Books/ref> In 1879 Dahll collected samples of nickel arsenide and gersdorffite on the island of Oterøya in his birthplace Kragerø. Dahll found out that the rocks contained previously unknown element which he named Norwegium. The phosphate mineral dahllite (hydroxylapatite) is named after Tellef Dahll and his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Operation Nordlicht (1944–1945)
Operation Nordlicht (German, 'Northern Light') was a German operation during the end of World War II. After Finland had made peace with the USSR, the Germans planned to fall back to defense lines built and equipped in advance across Finnish Lapland ( Operation Birke). During the operation, the '' Oberkommando der Wehrmacht'' gave an order to move from Operation Birke to Operation Nordlicht on 4 October 1944. That meant that instead of evacuating everything and then fortifying on the strong defensive positions, the German 20th Mountain Army was to retreat according to a set timetable to a new defense line in Lyngen, Norway. The Germans retreated using scorched-earth tactics and destroyed almost all buildings and all boats in Finnmark, thus denying the enemy any facilities in the area. The same tactics had already been used in Finnish Lapland. The retreat ended on 20 January 1945. A detailed account of 'the Nazis' scorched earth campaign in Norway' by Vincent Hunt includes statemen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scorched Earth
A scorched-earth policy is a military strategy that aims to destroy anything that might be useful to the enemy. Any assets that could be used by the enemy may be targeted, which usually includes obvious weapons, transport vehicles, communication sites, and industrial resources. However, anything useful to the advancing enemy may be targeted, including food stores and agricultural areas, water sources, and even the local people themselves, though the last has been banned under the 1977 Geneva Conventions. The practice can be carried out by the military in enemy territory or in its own home territory while it is being invaded. It may overlap with, but is not the same as, punitive destruction of the enemy's resources, which is usually done as part of political strategy, rather than operational strategy. Notable historic examples of scorched-earth tactics include William Tecumseh Sherman's March to the Sea in the American Civil War, Kit Carson's subjugation of the A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geological Survey Of Norway
Geological Survey of Norway ( no, Norges geologiske undersøkelse), abbreviation: ''NGU'', is a Norwegian government agency responsible for geologic mapping and research. The agency is located in Trondheim with an office in Tromsø, with about 200 employees. It is subordinate to the Norwegian Ministry of Trade, Industry and Fisheries.Government.no: Subordinate agencies and institutions2012-07-11. Mission NGU's main work is related to collecting, processing and impart knowledge related to the physical, chemical and mineralogical characteristics of the countries bedrock, mineral resources, deposits and groundwater.Geological Survey of NorwayAbout NGU 2008-01-27. Important areas include the Arctic, Antarctica, Svalbard and the continental shelf. With the motto "Geology for the Society", NGU provides maps and geological information in national databases. The activity is organized after five key principles:NGU - Annual report 20082008-01-27. # Long-term value creation from geolo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christian August Anker
Christian August Anker (9 August 1840 – 30 September 1912) was a Norwegian industrialist. He played an important role in the early mining industry in Norway and was also a pioneer in the wood-processing industry. He was born at Halden in Østfold, Norway. The son of wholesaler Peter Martin Anker, he was the brother of Nils Anker and Herman Anker. He was raised at the manor house Rød herregård in Halden and was educated in engineering at Hannover and Zurich. Together with his brother Nils Anker, he created one of Norway's first pulp mill, Ankers Træsliberi & Papirfabrik at Fredrikshald in 1867. From 1873, he bought a number of properties at Hønefoss where a pulp mill became operational during 1881. He first became engaged in marble extraction at Fauske in 1884. From 1905, he became involved with the mining of iron ore deposits in Sør-Varanger Sør-Varanger ( sme, Máttá-Várjjat, fkv, Etelä-Varenki, fi, Etelä-Varanki, russian: Сёр-Вара́нгер/Syor-Var� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Magnetic Separation
Magnetic separation is the process of separating components of mixtures by using a magnet to attract magnetic substances. The process that is used for magnetic separation separates non-magnetic substances from those which are magnetic. This technique is useful for the select few minerals which are ferromagnetic (iron-, nickel-, and cobalt-containing minerals) and paramagnetic. Most metals, including gold, silver and aluminum, are nonmagnetic. A large diversity of mechanical means are used to separate magnetic materials. During magnetic separation, magnets are situated inside two separator drums which bear liquids. Due to the magnets, magnetic particles are being drifted by the movement of the drums. This can create a magnetic concentrate (e.g. an ore concentrate). History Michael Faraday discovered that when a substance is put in a magnetic environment, the intensity of the environment is modified by it. With this information, he discovered that different materials can be separ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Storforshei
Storforshei is a village in the Dunderland Valley in the municipality of Rana in Nordland county, Norway. The village is located along the river Ranelva, about northeast of the town of Mo i Rana. The European route E06 and the Nordland Line both pass through the village. The village of Nevernes and the Nevernes Church both lie about to the south. The village has a population (2018) of 610 and a population density Population density (in agriculture: Stock (other), standing stock or plant density) is a measurement of population per unit land area. It is mostly applied to humans, but sometimes to other living organisms too. It is a key geographical ... of . References Rana, Norway Villages in Nordland {{nordland-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Halden
Halden (), between 1665 and 1928 known as Fredrikshald, is both a town and a municipality in Viken county, Norway. The municipality borders Sarpsborg to the northwest, Rakkestad to the north and Aremark to the east, as well as the Swedish municipalities Strömstad, Tanum and Dals-Ed respectively to the southwest, south and southeast. The seat of the municipality, Halden is a border town located at the mouth of the Tista river on the Iddefjord, the southernmost border crossing between Norway and Sweden. The town of Halden is located about south of Oslo, north of Gothenburg, and east of the border crossing at Svinesund. History Evidence of early human settlements in this region of Norway have been found, particularly in the Svinesund area of the municipality where evidence of early settlements from the Nordic Bronze Age have been found. Named after a small farm ''Hallen'' ( en, "rise" or "slope") first mentioned in 1629, "Halden", became the city of ''Fredrikshald'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
