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Sweet Valley High
''Sweet Valley High'' is a series of young adult novels attributed to American author Francine Pascal, who presided over a team of ghostwriters to produce the series. The books chronicle the lives of identical twins Jessica and Elizabeth Wakefield, who live in the fictional Sweet Valley, California, a suburb near Los Angeles. The twins and their friends attend Sweet Valley High. The series began in 1983, and concluded twenty years later after the publication of 181 books. The books are generally classified as young adult or children's fiction and belong mostly to the genre of soap opera, romance novel or fantasy-adventure. The series quickly gained popularity and spawned several spin-off series, including '' Sweet Valley Senior Year'' and ''Sweet Valley University'', as well as a television adaptation. In July 2017, a film adaptation was also announced. The novels ''Sweet Valley Confidential'' and ''The Sweet Life'', which follow the characters as adults, were published in 20 ...
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Francine Pascal
Francine Paula Pascal (''née'' Rubin, May 13, 1932 – July 28, 2024) was an American author best known for her Sweet Valley series of young adult novels. ''Sweet Valley High,'' the backbone of the collection, was made into a television series, which led to several spin-offs, including '' The Unicorn Club'' and '' Sweet Valley University.'' Although most of these books were published in the 1980s and 1990s, they remained so popular that several titles were re-released decades later. Early life and education Francine Paula Rubin was born on May 13, 1932, in Manhattan, New York, and raised in Jamaica, Queens, New York. She was the daughter of Kate (Dunitz) and William Rubin, an auctioneer. Her family was Jewish. She studied journalism at New York University and began her career writing for magazines, including ''Cosmopolitan'', ''Ladies' Home Journal'', ''Modern Screen'', and ''True Confessions''. In 1958, she married Jerome Offenberg until divorcing in 1963. In 1964, she marrie ...
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Valley Girl
A valley girl is a socioeconomic, linguistic, and youth subcultural stereotype and stock character originating during the 1980s: any materialistic upper-middle-class young woman, associated with unique vocal and California dialect features, from the Los Angeles commuter communities of the San Fernando Valley. In subsequent years, the term was broadly applied to any American woman who epitomized frivolity, ditziness, airheadedness, or who prioritizes superficial concerns such as personal appearance, physical attractiveness, and excessive materialism over intellectual or personal accomplishment. Valleyspeak Valleyspeak, or Valspeak, is a California English social dialect and accompanying vocal features, best associated with valley girls, though elements of it have spread to other demographics, including men called "Val dudes". This sociolect became an international fad for a certain period in the 1980s and 1990s, with a peak period from around 1981 to 1985. Valleyspeak ...
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Deadline Hollywood
''Deadline Hollywood'', commonly known as ''Deadline'' and also referred to as ''Deadline.com'', is an online news site founded as the news blog ''Deadline Hollywood Daily'' by Nikki Finke in 2006. It is updated several times a day, with entertainment industry news as its focus. It has been a brand of Penske Media Corporation since 2009. History ''Deadline'' was founded by Nikki Finke, who began writing an '' LA Weekly'' column series called ''Deadline Hollywood'' in June 2002. She began the ''Deadline Hollywood Daily'' (DHD) blog in March 2006 as an online version of her column. She officially launched it as an entertainment trade website in 2006. The site became one of Hollywood's most followed websites by 2009. In 2009, Finke sold ''Deadline'' to Penske Media Corporation (then Mail.com Media) for a low-seven-figure sum. She was also given a five-year-plus employment contract reported by the ''Los Angeles Times The ''Los Angeles Times'' is an American Newspaper# ...
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Stephanie Savage
Stephanie Savage (born 1969) is a screenwriter and television producer from Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Savage is best known for developing The CW's teen drama series ''Gossip Girl'' (2007) from the novel series, and being an executive producer of the Fox series '' The O.C.''. In 2010 Savage and creative partner Josh Schwartz created Fake Empire, a production company producing their TV series, films and music. Career Savage graduated from the University of Toronto in 1990 with a B.A. in English and Cinema Studies, then from the University of Iowa in 1993 with an M.A. in Film History and Theory. While writing her PhD dissertation for the University of Iowa she moved to Los Angeles, and in 1995 was offered a position at Drew Barrymore's production company Flower Films. Here she dabbled in scriptwriting, handling production rewrites for ''Charlie's Angels'', and met the film's director McG. The two later formed production company Wonderland Sound and Vision in 2001. In September 2016 ...
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Josh Schwartz
Joshua Ian Schwartz (born August 6, 1976) is an American screenwriter and television producer. He is best known for creating and executive producing the Fox teen drama series '' The O.C.'' which ran for 4 seasons. Schwartz is also known for developing The CW's series '' Gossip Girl'' based on the book of the same name and for co-creating NBC's action-comedy-spy series, '' Chuck''. At 26, he became one of the youngest people in network history to create a series and run its day-to-day production when he ran ''The O.C.'' Early life Schwartz was born to a Jewish family in 1976 in Providence, Rhode Island, the son of Steve and Honey Schwartz. His parents were both toy inventors at Hasbro, working on the development of toys such as Transformers and My Little Pony, until they went on to start their own company. Schwartz grew up on the east side of Providence, Rhode Island with a younger brother, Danny, and a younger sister, Katie. Schwartz always had ambitions of being a write ...
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Fake Empire (company)
Fake Empire is the production company that was formed in 2010 by Josh Schwartz and Stephanie Savage to develop and produce television series and feature films. Their most notable productions include the series ''Gossip Girl'' (developed by Schwartz and Savage), ''Chuck'' (co-created by Schwartz and Chris Fedak), '' Hart of Dixie'' (created by Leila Gerstein and produced by Schwartz, Savage, and their producing partner Len Goldstein), '' The Carrie Diaries'' (developed by Amy B. Harris and produced by Schwartz and Savage), ''Dynasty (''developed by Sallie Patrick, Schwartz, and Savage), '' Marvel's Runaways (''created for television by Schwartz and Savage), and The CW shows '' Nancy Drew'' and '' Tom Swift''. The company was formed to focus on television projects and produce films, with the intent of branching out into online series, music and books. Schwartz formerly operated under the banner of College Hill Pictures, Inc., which folded in the making of Fake Empire. In 2010, th ...
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Chernin Entertainment
Chernin Entertainment is an American film and television production company owned by The North Road Company that is based in Los Angeles, California. It was founded on February 24, 2009 by producer and former media executive Peter Chernin, who is chairman and chief executive officer of the company. Jenno Topping is the president of film and television, with David Ready as executive vice president of film and TV. Kristen Campo is executive vice president of television. Twenty-seven films have been produced by the company, most of them with 20th Century Fox (now known as 20th Century Studios). History Chernin Entertainment was founded by Peter Chernin after he stepped down as president of Fox's then-parent company News Corporation in 2009. The firm's first film was '' Rise of the Planet of the Apes'' in 2011. Chernin Entertainment's five-year first-look deal for the film and television was signed with 20th Century Fox and 20th Century Fox Television in 2009. In March 2011, ...
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Paramount Television Studios
Paramount Television Studios, formerly the second incarnation of Paramount Television, was the television arm of American film studio Paramount Pictures, a division of Paramount Global, founded on March 4, 2013, by its predecessor, Viacom, following an emerging vigorous business with the technological expansion of television via streaming services. Paramount also recognized that television could give them little to fall back on when films fail, except for studio stage rentals. It was the revival and successor to Paramount's original television division, which rebranded as CBS Paramount Television and was kept by CBS Corporation, the new name for the original Viacom, on December 31, 2005 – on that same day, the second Viacom took ownership of Paramount Pictures. After the expiration of a 3-year licensing agreement between the split companies for the "Paramount" trademarks, CBS Paramount Television was rebranded to CBS Television Studios on May 17, 2009 and then currently CB ...
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CBS Studios
CBS Studios, Inc. is an American television production company which is a subsidiary of the CBS Entertainment Group unit of Paramount Global. It was formed on January 17, 2006, by CBS Corporation as CBS Paramount (Network) Television, as a renaming of the original incarnation of the Paramount Television (original), Paramount Television studio. It is the television production arm of the CBS network (CBS Productions previously assumed such functions until 2004, when it was merged into Paramount Television), and, along with Warner Bros. Television Studios (a part of Warner Bros. Discovery) and CW Studios (network's recently launched production arm), it is also the television production company, production arm of The CW (in which Paramount has a 12.5% ownership stake; along with Warner Bros. Discovery). History Predecessors CBS's original production and distribution units In 1952, the CBS, Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) formed an in-house television production unit, CBS ...
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The CW
The CW Network, LLC (commonly referred to as The CW or simply CW) is an American commercial broadcast television network which is controlled by Nexstar Media Group through a 75% ownership interest. The network's name is derived from the first letters of the names of its two founding co-owners CBS Corporation and Warner Bros. Nexstar acquired a 75% controlling stake in the network on October 3, 2022, with Paramount Global and Warner Bros. Discovery ( CBS Entertainment Group and Warner Bros. Television's respective parent companies) each retaining a 12.5% ownership stake. The CW debuted on September 18, 2006 as the successor to UPN and the WB, which had respectively shut down on September 15 and 17 of that year. The CW's first two nights of programming – on September 18, 2006 and September 19, 2006 – consisted of reruns and launch-related specials. The CW marked its formal launch date on September 20, 2006, with the two-hour premiere of the seventh cycle of '' Americ ...
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Doublemint
Doublemint is a variety of chewing gum made by the Wrigley Company; according to early advertisements, it is "double strength" peppermint flavored. It was launched in the United States in 1914, and has had variable market share since then. The Doublemint Twins history As a play on the word "double" in the name, one of the most notable aspects of this brand is the advertising campaign featuring identical twins wearing matching outfits. Beginning in 1939 with stylized illustrations of twins, advertisements continued with print ads and later television commercials, featuring actual twins as spokespersons. The first set of women to portray the Doublemint Twins, were sisters Marie and Mildred Maier of Silverhill, Alabama. New Doublemint Twins were heard on the radio at WBBM-AM. Jane and Joan Boyd were regular performers as the Doublemint Twins on "The Music Wagon," a program on WBBM from 1957 until 1963. This program was hosted by Mal Bellairs whose notes indicate the understand ...
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Cynthia Daniel
Cynthia Daniel (married name: Cynthia Hauser) (born March 17, 1976) is an American photographer and former actress, best known for her role as Elizabeth Wakefield in the 1990s syndicated teen drama ''Sweet Valley High''. Daniel is the twin sister of actress Brittany Daniel. Early life Born in Gainesville, Florida, Cynthia is five minutes younger than her twin sister, Brittany. They have an older brother, Brad. Their parents are Carol and Charlton B. Daniel, Jr. (who died of cancer in 2009). At age 11, the girls began modelling and were signed to the Ford Agency, and appeared in '' YM'' and '' Sassy''. They also appeared in ads for Doublemint gum as the Doublemint Twins. Career Both twins made their television acting debut in a 1987 episode of '' The New Leave It to Beaver''. In 1994, Daniel won the role of Elizabeth Wakefield in the television series ''Sweet Valley High'', based on the book series by Francine Pascal (sister Brittany played Elizabeth's twin, Jessica Wakef ...
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