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Suoma Af Hällström
Suoma Helena Loimaranta-Airila, (first married surname af Hällström), (née Lindstedt; surname Finnicization, Finnicized to Loimaranta before marriage) (10 March 1881 – 3 November 1954) was a Finnish doctor and an active member of the Lotta Svärd women's auxiliary paramilitary organisation. Early life and education Suoma Helena Lindsted was born on 10 March 1881 in Kuopio, Northern Savonia, Finland to Hilma (née Nyholm) and Wilhelm Lindstedt, a county vicar. Loimaranta graduated from high school in 1901. She and a number of her siblings changed their Swedish surname to the Finnish Loimaranta in 1906 as part of the Finnicization Finnish name#Surnames, surname switch inspired by Romantic nationalism. About 70,000 Finns changed their surnames between 1906 and 1907 in response to a call from author Johannes Linnankoski to mark the centenary of the Finnish nationalist, philosopher and statesman Johan Vilhelm Snellman. Suoma Loimaranta qualified as a licensed doctor of medicine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lotta Svärd
Lotta Svärd () was a Finnish voluntary auxiliary paramilitary organisation for women. Formed originally in 1918, it had a large membership undertaking volunteer social work in the 1920s and 1930s. It was formed to support the White Guard. During the Second World War, it mobilized to replace men conscripted into the army. It served in hospitals, at air raid warning positions, and other auxiliary tasks in close cooperation with the army. The women were officially unarmed except for an antiaircraft battery in 1944. Virtanen argues that, their "accountability to the nation took a masculine and military form in public, but had a private, feminine side to it including features like caring, helping and loving." The organisation was disbanded by the government after the war. Name The name comes from a poem by Johan Ludvig Runeberg. Part of a large and famous book, ''The Tales of Ensign Stål'', the poem described a fictional woman named Lotta Svärd. According to the poem, a Fin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Tampere
The Battle of Tampere was a 1918 Finnish Civil War battle, fought in Tampere, Finland from 15 March to 6 April between the Whites and the Reds. It is the most famous and the deadly of all the Finnish Civil War battles. Its bloody aftermath saw the Whites execute hundreds of captured Reds with another 11,000 prisoners sent to the Kalevankangas camp. Background In the 1910s, Tampere was the third largest town in Finland with a population of approximately 60,000, including the suburbs. It was the most industrialized town in Finland and was considered the capital of the Finnish labour movement. Tampere had played a key role in the 1905 general strike and the town was a stronghold for the trade unions and the Social Democratic Party. As the Civil War started in late January 1918, the Reds targeted the important railway junction of Haapamäki, 100 kilometres north of Tampere. The frontline was soon established 50–60 kilometres north of Tampere and Tavastia Front became the ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Continuation War
The Continuation War, also known as the Second Soviet–Finnish War, was a conflict fought by Finland and Nazi Germany against the Soviet Union during World War II. It began with a Finnish declaration of war on 25 June 1941 and ended on 19 September 1944 with the Moscow Armistice. The Soviet Union and Finland had previously fought the Winter War from 1939 to 1940, which ended with the Soviet failure to conquer Finland and the Moscow Peace Treaty. Numerous reasons have been proposed for the Finnish decision to invade, with regaining territory lost during the Winter War regarded as the most common. Other justifications for the conflict include Finnish President Risto Ryti's vision of a Greater Finland and Commander-in-Chief Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim's desire to annex East Karelia. The following paragraph contains a bundle of cites for the Finnish participation in the siege of Leningrad, which is a commonly debated complex issue in the article (see talk).--> On 22 June 1941 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Winter War
The Winter War was a war between the Soviet Union and Finland. It began with a Soviet invasion of Finland on 30 November 1939, three months after the outbreak of World War II, and ended three and a half months later with the Moscow Peace Treaty on 13 March 1940. Despite superior military strength, especially in tanks and aircraft, the Soviet Union suffered severe losses and initially made little headway. The League of Nations deemed the attack illegal and expelled the Soviet Union from its organization. The Soviets made several demands, including that Finland cede substantial border territories in exchange for land elsewhere, claiming security reasonsprimarily the protection of Leningrad, from the Finnish border. When Finland refused, the Soviets invaded. Most sources conclude that the Soviet Union had intended to conquer all of Finland, and cite the establishment of the Finnish Democratic Republic, puppet Finnish Communist government and the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nazi Party
The Nazi Party, officially the National Socialist German Workers' Party ( or NSDAP), was a far-right politics, far-right political party in Germany active between 1920 and 1945 that created and supported the ideology of Nazism. Its precursor, the German Workers' Party (; DAP), existed from 1919 to 1920. The Nazi Party emerged from the Extremism, extremist German nationalism, German nationalist ("Völkisch nationalism, ''Völkisch'' nationalist"), racism, racist, and populism, populist paramilitary culture, which fought against communism, communist uprisings in post–World War I Germany. The party was created to draw workers away from communism and into nationalism. Initially, Nazi political strategy focused on anti-big business, anti-bourgeoisie, and anti-capitalism, disingenuously using socialist rhetoric to gain the support of the lower middle class; it was later downplayed to gain the support of business leaders. By the 1930s, the party's main focus shifted to Antisemit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fanni Luukkonen
Fanni Luukkonen (13 March 1882 – 27 October 1947) was the longtime leader of the Finland, Finnish Lotta Svärd, a voluntary auxiliary organisation for women. Early life and education Fanni Marie Luukkonen was born in Helsinki, the middle child and only daughter of Katariina Sofia (née Palmgren) and Olli Luukkonen. She was born into what was then the Grand Duchy of Finland, an Autonomous region, autonomous state ruled by the Russian Empire. The family moved to Oulu immediately after her birth with her older brother Mauritz Emil. The family lived on the island of :fi:Kiikeli, Kiikel, off the coast of Oulur, where her father was a machine operator at the town's first electric power station. The family were religious (Protestant), supporters of temperance, and enjoyed spending time at sea, which had a lifelong impact on their daughter. The young Fanni was a good sailor and keen on sports, particularly gymnastics. Luukkonen studied at the Oulu Girls' School where her class teache ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
