|
Sundanese Language
Sundanese ( ; , Sundanese script: , ) is an Austronesian language spoken in Java, primarily by the Sundanese. It has approximately 32 million native speakers in the western third of Java; they represent about 15% of Indonesia's total population. Classification According to American linguist Robert Blust, Sundanese is closely related to the Malayic languages, as well as to language groups spoken in Borneo such as the Land Dayak languages or the Kayan–Murik languages, based on high lexical similarities between these languages. History and distribution Sundanese is mainly spoken on the west side of the island of Java, in an area known as Tatar Sunda ( Pasundan). However, Sundanese is also spoken in the western part of Central Java, especially in Brebes and Cilacap Regency, because these areas were previously under the control of the Galuh Kingdom. Many place names in Cilacap are still Sundanese names such as Dayeuhluhur, Cimanggu, Cipari, even as far as Banyu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Comprising over List of islands of Indonesia, 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guinea, Indonesia is the world's largest archipelagic state and the List of countries and dependencies by area, 14th-largest country by area, at . With over 280 million people, Indonesia is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, fourth-most-populous country and the most populous Islam by country, Muslim-majority country. Java, the world's List of islands by population, most populous island, is home to more than half of the country's population. Indonesia operates as a Presidential system, presidential republic with an elected People's Consultative Assembly, legislature and consists of Provinces of Indonesia, 38 provinces, nine of which have Autonomous administrative divisi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bekasi Sundanese
Bekasi Sundanese is a geographical variety of Sundanese language spoken in Bekasi Regency and Bekasi City. This dialect is classified into the Northern Coast Sundanese dialect chain. The Bekasi Sundanese dialect has unique vocabulary and accents when compared to Priangan Sundanese as the standard variety. Geographical distribution The most commonly used language by Bekasi residents is Indonesian language, this is because Bekasi is an industrial area that has diversity in terms of ethnicity and language. However, there are two regional languages used by the native population in Bekasi regency and city, namely Sundanese (Bekasi dialect) and Betawi (Bekasi dialect). According to estimates by 2024, the Bekasi Sundanese will have approximately 1,200,000 speakers out of a total population of 5,710,675 people in Bekasi regency and city. The percentage is around 21% of the total population in the area. The Bekasi Sundanese dialect is mainly spoken in the eastern and southern parts o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sundanese Language Distribution
Sundanese may refer to: * Sundanese people * Sundanese language Sundanese ( ; , Sundanese script: , ) is an Austronesian language spoken in Java, primarily by the Sundanese. It has approximately 32 million native speakers in the western third of Java; they represent about 15% of Indonesia's total pop ... * Sundanese script * Sundanese (Unicode block) See also * * Sunda (other) {{disambig Language and nationality disambiguation pages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vatteluttu
''Vatteluttu'' (, ' and , ', ), also transliterated as ''Vattezhuthu'', was an alphasyllabic or syllabic writing system of south India (Tamil Nadu and Kerala) and Sri Lanka formerly employed for writing the Tamil language, Tamil and Malayalam, Malayalam languages. The script is a sister system of the Pallava script, Pallava-Chola alphabet. The script was patronized by the Pallava dynasty, Pallava, Pandya dynasty, Pandya and Chera rulers of southern India. belonged to the "southern group" of Brahmi script, Brahmi derivatives (Brahmi script, Southern Brahmi, generally associated with Dravidian languages of south India). The script was used in inscriptions and manuscripts of south India for centuries. It is closely related to the Tamil script (although it is more cursive than the Tamil script, with letters with a single curvilinear stroke). The direction of writing in is from left to right. It notably omits the virama vowel muting device. Etymology Three possible suggestions ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nāgarī Script
The Nāgarī script is the ancestor of Devanagari, Nandinagari and other variants, and was first used to write Prakrit and Sanskrit. The term is sometimes used as a synonym for Devanagari script.Kathleen Kuiper (2010), The Culture of India, New York: The Rosen Publishing Group, , page 83George Cardona and Danesh Jain (2003), The Indo-Aryan Languages, Routledge, , pages 68-69 It came in vogue during the first millennium CE. The Nāgarī script has roots in the ancient Brahmi script family. The Nāgarī script was in regular use by 7th century CE, and had fully evolved into Devanagari and Nandinagari scripts by about the end of first millennium of the common era. Etymology Nagari is a vṛddhi derivation from नगर (), which means city. Origins The Nāgarī script appeared in ancient India as a central-eastern variant of the Gupta script (whereas Śāradā was the western variety and Siddham was the far eastern variety). In turn it branched off into several scripts, suc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pallava Script
The Pallava script, or Pallava Grantha, is a style of Grantha script named after the Pallava dynasty of Southern India (Tamilakam) and is attested to since the 4th century CE. In India, the Pallava script evolved from Tamil-Brahmi. The Grantha script originated from the Pallava script. Pallava also spread to Southeast Asia and evolved into scripts such as Balinese, Baybayin, Javanese, Kawi, Khmer, Lanna, Lao, Mon–Burmese, New Tai Lue, Sundanese, and Thai. This script is the sister of the Vatteluttu script which was used to write Tamil and Malayalam in the past. Epigrapher Arlo Griffiths argues that the name of the script is misleading as not all of the relevant scripts referred to have a connection with the Pallava dynasty. He instead advocates that these scripts be called Late Southern Brāhmī scripts. History During the rule of the Pallavas, the script accompanied priests, monks, scholars, and traders into Southeast Asia. Pallavas developed the Pallava scr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kawi Script
The Kawi script or the Old Javanese script (, ) is a Brahmic script found primarily in Java and used across much of Maritime Southeast Asia between the 8th century and the 16th century.Aditya Bayu Perdana and Ilham Nurwansah 2020Proposal to encode Kawi/ref> The script is an abugida, meaning that characters are read with an inherent vowel. Diacritics are used, either to suppress the vowel and represent a pure consonant, or to represent other vowels.De Casparis, J. G. ''Indonesian Palaeography: A History of Writing in Indonesia from the beginnings to c. AD 1500'', Leiden/Koln, 1975, pp. 35-42 with footnotes History The Kawi script is related to the Nāgarī script, Nagari or old-Devanagari script in India. Also called the Prae-Nagari in Dutch publications after the classic work of F.D.K. Bosch on early Indonesian scripts, the early-Nagari form of script was primarily used in the Kawi script form to write southeast Asian Sanskrit and Old Javanese language in central and eastern J ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cacarakan
Javanese script (natively known as ''Aksara Jawa'', ''Hanacaraka'', ''Carakan'', and ''Dentawyanjana'') is one of Indonesia's traditional scripts developed on the island of Java. The script is primarily used to write the Javanese language and has also been used to write several other regional languages such as Sundanese and Madurese, the regional lingua franca Malay, as well as the historical languages Kawi and Sanskrit. It heavily influenced the Balinese script from which the writing system for Sasak developed. Javanese script was actively used by the Javanese people for writing day-to-day and literary texts from at least the mid-16th century CE until the mid-20th century CE, before it was gradually supplanted by the Latin alphabet. Today, the script is taught in the Yogyakarta Special Region as well as the provinces of Central Java and East Java as part of the local curriculum, but with very limited function in everyday use. Javanese script is an abugida writing sys ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Old Sundanese Script
Old Sundanese script () is a script that developed in West Java in the 14th–18th centuries which was originally used to write Old Sundanese language. The Old Sundanese script is a development of the Pallava script which has reached the stage of modifying its distinctive form as used in lontar texts in the 16th century. History The use of Old Sundanese script in its earliest form is found in the inscriptions found in Astana Gede inscriptions, Astana Gede, Kawali District, Ciamis Regency, and the Kebantenan Inscription in Jati Asih, Jatiasih District, Bekasi City. According to Edi S. Ekajati, the existence of the Old Sundanese script had been gradually displaced due to the expansion of the Mataram Sultanate into the Parahyangan, Priangan region, except for Sultanate of Cirebon, Cirebon and Banten Sultanate, Banten. At that time the Sundanese people, Sundanese conquerors made Javanese culture their role model and ideal type. As a result, Sundanese culture was displaced by Jav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pegon Script
Pegon (Javanese language, Javanese and Sundanese language, Sundanese: , ; also known as , , Madurese language, Madurese: , ''Abjâd Pèghu'') is a modified Arabic script used to write the Javanese language, Javanese, Sundanese language, Sundanese, and Madurese language, Madurese languages, as an alternative to the Latin script or the Javanese script and the Old Sundanese script. It was used in a variety of applications, from religion, to diplomacy, to poetry. But today particularly, it is used for religious (Islamic) writing and poetry, particularly in writing commentaries of the Qur'an. Pegon includes letters that are not present in Modern Standard Arabic. Pegon has been studied far less than its Jawi alphabet, Jawi counterpart which is used for Malay language, Malay, Acehnese language, Acehnese and Minangkabau language, Minangkabau. In the past few decades, the Indonesian language has grown in its prominence and role as the national language of Indonesia. Thus, publishing ins ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sundanese Script
Standard Sundanese script (''Aksara Sunda Baku'', ) is a traditional writing system used by Sundanese people to write Sundanese language. It is built based on Old Sundanese script (''Aksara Sunda Kuno'') which was used from the 14th to the 18th centuries. History Old Sundanese was developed based on the Pallava script of India, and was used from the 14th until the 18th centuries. The last manuscript written in Old Sundanese script was ''Carita Waruga Guru.'' From the 17th to the 19th centuries, Sundanese was mostly spoken and not written. Javanese script, Javanese and Pegon script, Pegon scripts were used to write Sundanese during this period. In 1996, the government of West Java announced a plan to introduce an official Sundanese script, and in October 1997, the Old Sundanese script was chosen and renamed to ''Aksara Sunda.'' Typology The standardized script has 32 basic characters-- seven vowels, 23 consonants, and thirteen phonetic diacriticals (). There are also numerals ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
