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Sukerchakia Misl
The Sukerchakia Misl was one of twelve Sikh Sikh Confederacy, misls in Punjab region, Punjab during the 18th century, concentrated in Gujranwala and Hafizabad districts in western Punjab region, Punjab (in modern-Pakistan) and ruled from (1752–1801). The misl, or grouping with its own guerilla militia (jatha), was founded by Charat Singh of Sandhawalia, grandfather of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. The last Sukerchakia Misldar (commander of the Misl) was Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Towards the end of the eighteenth century, Maharaja Ranjit Singh united all the misls and established an independent Sikh Empire. History Family origin The earliest traceable ancestor of the Sukerchakia family with reliable historicity was Kalu (died c.1488), a Jat of the Warraich (clan), Warraich ''Gotra, got'' (clan), who moved in c.1470 from his native village of Bhatian (in modern-day Lahore District, Lahore district) to Sansara (or Sansi; located in modern-day Ajnala, India, Ajnala ''tehsil'', Amritsa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Singhpuria Misl
Singhpuria Misl, also known as the Faizulpuria Misl, was founded by the Sikh warrior Nawab Kapur Singh, who was born in 1697 and later became a prominent Dal Khalsa (Sikh Army), Dal Khalsa leader. The misl took its original name from a village Faizullapur in Amritsar and then changed the name of the village to Singhpura, with the misl eventually following. Events Nawab Kapur Singh fought many battles. The Battle of Sirhind (1764) was a turning point of Singhpuria Misl. After the fall of Sirhind a considerable portion of present-day Rupnagar District came under the Singhpuria Misl. By 1769, the Singpuria Misl had the following territories in its possession:- Some parts of the districts of Jalandhar and Hoshiarpur in Doaba, Kharparkheri and Singhpura in Bari-Doab and Abhar, Adampur, Chhat, Banoor, Manauli Ghanauli, Bharatgarh, Kandhola, Chooni, Machhli Bhareli, Banga, Bela, Attal Garh and some other places in the province of Sirhind. Leaders References {{Budha Da ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sandhawalia
Sandhawalia is a Jat clan of present-day India and Pakistan. History The members of one particular Sandhanwalia Jat Sikh family occupied important positions in the Sikh Confederacy. The progenitor of this family was Choudhary Chanda Singh, who settled at the Sandhu wala village in present-day Pakistan, and consequently, came to be known as Sandhanwalia. His sons migrated to Rajasansi. The names of some of the Sandhawalia brothers included Lehna Singh, Basawa Singh, Budh Singh, Attar Singh, and Jaimal Singh. Maharaja Ranjit Singh, the Sikh ruler of Punjab, has been described as "Jats" in records. This has led to the view that he belonged to the Jat. According to W. H. McLeod, however, it is more likely that he belonged to the Jat Clan ''got'' as the Sandhanwalias. Author Preminder Singh Sandhawalia believes that Ranjit Singh shared lineage with the Sandhawalias, although he did not share a direct line of descent with them. Both the Sandhawalias and Sukerchakias share a c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laṇḍā Scripts
The Laṇḍā scripts, from the term ''laṇḍā'' meaning "without a tail", is a Punjabi language, Punjabi word used to refer to writing systems used in Punjab and adjoining areas. In Sindhi language, Sindhi, it was known as 'Wāṇiko' or 'Baniyañ'. Development Laṇḍā is a script that evolved from the Sharada script during the 10th century. It was widely used in the northern and northwestern Indian subcontinent, in the Indus River plain, and adjoining areas, comprising Punjab, Sindh, Kashmir, Haryana and some parts of Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. It was used to write Punjabi language, Punjabi (and various Punjabi dialects like Pahari-Pothwari, Saraiki language, Multani, Hindko, Majhi dialect, Majhi, Doabi dialect, Doabi) as well as Sindhi language, Sindhi, Balochi language, Balochi, Kashmiri language, Kashmiri, and Pashto. The Laṇḍā scripts form a "typologically distinct group," and are closer in norms to its predecessor Brahmi than they are to the Nāgarī ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toponymy
Toponymy, toponymics, or toponomastics is the study of '' toponyms'' ( proper names of places, also known as place names and geographic names), including their origins, meanings, usage, and types. ''Toponym'' is the general term for a proper name of any geographical feature, and full scope of the term also includes proper names of all cosmographical features. In a more specific sense, the term ''toponymy'' refers to an inventory of toponyms, while the discipline researching such names is referred to as ''toponymics'' or ''toponomastics''. Toponymy is a branch of onomastics, the study of proper names of all kinds. A person who studies toponymy is called ''toponymist''. Etymology The term ''toponymy'' comes from / , 'place', and / , 'name'. The '' Oxford English Dictionary'' records ''toponymy'' (meaning "place name") first appearing in English in 1876 in the context of geographical studies. Since then, ''toponym'' has come to replace the term ''place-name'' in professional ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sansi People
Sansi is a nomadic tribe, originally located in the Rajasthan area of northwestern India, but expelled in the 13th century by Muslim invaders and now spread to states of Rajasthan, Haryana, Punjab as well as scattered throughout India. They are often confused with other ethnic groups called Sansi, as Sansi is a widespread name in South Asia. History and origin The Sansis were considered the most prominent criminal tribe in Punjab, with an estimated population of 25,800 in 1912. The British believed other tribes, such as the Baurias and Harnis, were offshoots of the Sansis, who claimed to have originated from Rajput ancestry. Despite acknowledging their ancestry, the British constantly emphasised the Sansis' "degraded" status through stereotypical descriptions. . Their religion, primarily a form of Hinduism, was considered primitive, mixed, and debased. After the criminal tribes act was imposed, the Sansi were labelled down to a very pitiful position. Language Their language ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Looting
Looting is the act of stealing, or the taking of goods by force, typically in the midst of a military, political, or other social crisis, such as war, natural disasters (where law and civil enforcement are temporarily ineffective), or rioting. The proceeds of all these activities can be described as booty, loot, plunder, spoils, or pillage. Looting by a victorious army during war has been a common practice throughout recorded history. In the wake of the Napoleonic Wars and particularly after World War II, norms against wartime plunder became widely accepted. In modern armed conflicts, looting is prohibited by international law, and constitutes a war crime.Rule 52. Pillage is prohibited. ''Customary IHL Database'', International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)/Cambridge University Press. |
Wazirabad
Wazirabad (Urdu/) is a city in Punjab, Pakistan. It is the administrative capital of Wazirabad District (formerly a Tehsil of Gujranwala District). Famous for its cutlery products, it is known as the city of cutlery and is also quite famous for its foods. Wazirabad is situated on the banks of the Chenab River nearly 100 kilometres north of Lahore on the Grand Trunk Road. It is 45 kilometres from Sialkot, 30 kilometres from Gujranwala, and about 12 kilometres from Gujrat. The city of Wazirabad is the headquarters of former Wazirabad Tehsil (now called Wazirabad District in 2023), an administrative subdivision of the district, the city itself is subdivided into 12 Union Councils. History The city was founded by Wazir Khan, the governor and later Grand Vizier of Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan, in the 17th century. The town was taken over by Charat Singh around 1760, together with other towns in the district. Maharaja Ranjit Singh occupied the town in 1809, and Avitabile was ap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
India
India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since 2023; and, since its independence in 1947, the world's most populous democracy. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is near Sri Lanka and the Maldives; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand, Myanmar, and Indonesia. Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago., "Y-Chromosome and Mt-DNA data support the colonization of South Asia by modern humans originating in Africa. ... Coalescence dates for most non-European populations averag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Punjab, India
Punjab () is a States and union territories of India, state in northwestern India. Forming part of the larger Punjab, Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent, the state is bordered by the States and union territories of India, Indian states of Himachal Pradesh to the north and northeast, Haryana to the south and southeast, and Rajasthan to the southwest; by the Indian union territory, union territories of Jammu and Kashmir (union territory), Jammu and Kashmir to the north and Chandigarh to the east. To the west, it shares an international border with the identically named Pakistani province of Punjab, Pakistan, Punjab, and as such is sometimes referred to as East Punjab or Indian Punjab for disambiguation purposes. The state covers an area of 50,362 square kilometres (19,445 square miles), which is 1.53% of India's total geographical area, making it List of states and union territories of India by area, the 19th-largest Indian state by area out of 28 Indian states (20th larges ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amritsar District
Amritsar district is one of the twenty three districts that make up the Indian state of Punjab, India, Punjab. Located in the Majha region of Punjab, the city of Amritsar is the headquarters of this district. As of 2011, it is the second most populous district of Punjab (out of List of districts of Punjab, India, 23), after Ludhiana district, Ludhiana. It is a border district of Punjab and lies along the India-Pakistan border. History Sur Empire (1540 - 1554) Sher Shah Suri, an Afghan monarch, defeated Kamran in 1540 and conquered Punjab, including Amritsar, which remained part of the Sur Empire until 1554. Sikh Empire The control of Amritsar was fully taken by Maharaja Ranjit Singh by 1802, after bringing all the Misls under his control. He also fortified Gobindgarh Fort along modern lines. British Amritsar district was annexed by the British from its former Sikhs, Sikh rulers after the Second Anglo-Sikh war, Second Anglo-Sikh War of 1848–1849. During British Raj, Britis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tehsil
A tehsil (, also known as tahsil, taluk, or taluka () is a local unit of administrative division in India and Pakistan. It is a subdistrict of the area within a Zila (country subdivision), district including the designated populated place that serves as its administrative centre, with possible additional towns, and usually a number of village#South Asia, villages. The terms in India have replaced earlier terms, such as ''pargana'' (''pergunnah'') and ''thana''. In List of mandals in Andhra Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh and List of mandals in Telangana, Telangana, a newer unit called mandal (circle) has come to replace the tehsil system. A mandal is generally smaller than a tehsil, and is meant for facilitating local self-government in the panchayati raj in India, panchayat system. In West Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand, community development blocks (CDBs) are the empowered grassroots administrative unit, replacing tehsils. Tehsil office is primarily tasked with land revenue administration, be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ajnala, India
Ajnala is a town, near Amritsar city and a nagar panchayat in Amritsar district in the state of Punjab, India. Kalian Wala Khuh, a martyrs place, is a tourist destination. Ajnala is located at in western Punjab near the border with Pakistan. It has an average elevation of 213 metres (698 feet). Ajnala is the hometown of famous Indo-Canadian Punjabi singer AP Dhillon. During his 2021 India tour, Dhillon visited his Ajnala . History Indian Rebellion of 1857 During the Indian Rebellion of 1857, 282 sepoys of the 26th Native Infantry mutinied at Lahore and subsequently surrendered, believing they were going to be given a fair trial. They were summarily executed without trial by Frederick Henry Cooper, then–deputy commissioner of the district. The bodies were dumped into a deep dry well near the police station which was later filled with charcoal, lime, and dirt. In March 2014 the head of a local Sikh gurdwara announced that the remains of those buried had been unc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
