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Substratum
Substrata, plural of substratum, may refer to: *Earth's substrata, the geologic layering of the Earth *''Hypokeimenon'', sometimes translated as ''substratum'', a concept in metaphysics *Substrata (album), a 1997 ambient music album by Biosphere **''Substrata 2'', a 2001 double album by Biosphere, including a remaster of the 1997 album *Substrata (gardening), another term for ''subsoil'' *Substrata (geology), layers of rock or sediment *Substrata (linguistics), languages which influence another through linguistic contact See also *Substratum in Vedic Sanskrit *Stratum (other) *Strata (other) *Substrate (other) {{disambig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Substrata (linguistics)
In linguistics, a stratum (Latin for 'layer') or strate is a historical layer of language that influences or is influenced by another language through contact. The notion of "strata" was first developed by the Italian linguist Graziadio Isaia Ascoli, and became known in the English-speaking world through the work of two different authors in 1932. Both concepts apply to a situation where an intrusive language establishes itself in the territory of another, typically as the result of migration. Whether the superstratum case (the local language persists and the intrusive language disappears) or the substratum one (the local language disappears and the intrusive language persists) applies will normally only be evident after several generations, during which the intrusive language exists within a diaspora culture. In order for the intrusive language to persist, the ''substratum'' case, the immigrant population will either need to take the position of a political elite or immigrate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypokeimenon
''Hypokeimenon'' ( Greek: ὑποκείμενον), later often material substratum, is a term in metaphysics which literally means the "underlying thing" (Latin: ''subiectum''). To search for the ''hypokeimenon'' is to search for that substance that persists in a thing going through change—its basic essence. Overview Aristotle defined a ''hypokeimenon'' in narrowly and purely grammatical terms, as something which cannot be a predicate of other things, but which can carry other things as its predicates. The existence of a material substratum was posited by John Locke, with conceptual similarities to Baruch Spinoza's ''substance'' and Immanuel Kant's concept of the ''noumenon'' (in '' The Critique of Pure Reason''). Locke theorised that when all ''sensible properties'' were abstracted away from an object, such as its colour, weight, density or taste, there would still be something left to which the properties had adhered—something which allowed the object to exist indepe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Substratum In Vedic Sanskrit
Vedic Sanskrit has a number of linguistic features which are alien to most other Indo-European languages. Prominent examples include: phonologically, the introduction of retroflexes, which alternate with dentals, and morphologically, the formation of gerunds. Some philologists attribute such features, as well as the presence of non-Indo-European vocabulary, to a local substratum of languages encountered by Indo-Aryan peoples in Central Asia ( Bactria-Marghiana) and within the Indian subcontinent during Indo-Aryan migrations, including the Dravidian languages. Scholars have claimed to identify a substantial body of loanwords in the earliest Indian texts, including evidence of Non-Indo-Aryan elements (such as -s- following -u- in Rigvedic ''busa''). While some postulated loanwords are from Dravidian, and other forms are traceable to Munda or Proto-Burushaski, the bulk have no proven basis in any of the known families, suggesting a source in one or more lost languages. The discov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Substrata (gardening)
Subsoil is the layer of soil under the topsoil on the surface of the ground. Like topsoil, it is composed of a variable mixture of small particles such as sand, silt and clay, but with a much lower percentage of organic matter and humus. The subsoil is labeled the B Horizon in most soil mapping systems. Because it has less organic matter than topsoil, subsoil soil colour is mainly derived from iron oxides. Iron oxides and clay minerals form due to weathering. Rainfall moves these weathering products downward as solutes and colloids by rainfall. The subsoil is the depth where these weathering products accumulate. The accumulation of clay minerals, iron, aluminum, and organic compounds is called illuviation. Whereas the topsoil tends to be the depth of greatest physical, chemical, and biological activity, the subsoil is the depth of most deposition. Due to physical, chemical, and biological activity, the subsoil generally has a soil structure. The presence of structure distingu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Substrata (geology)
In geology and related fields, a stratum (: strata) is a layer of rock or sediment characterized by certain lithologic properties or attributes that distinguish it from adjacent layers from which it is separated by visible surfaces known as either '' bedding surfaces'' or ''bedding planes''.Salvador, A. ed., 1994. ''International stratigraphic guide: a guide to stratigraphic classification, terminology, and procedure. 2nd ed.'' Boulder, Colorado, The Geological Society of America, Inc., 215 pp. . Prior to the publication of the International Stratigraphic Guide, older publications have defined a stratum as being either equivalent to a single bed or composed of a number of beds; as a layer greater than 1 cm in thickness and constituting a part of a bed; or a general term that includes both ''bed'' and ''lamina''.Neuendorf, K.K.E., Mehl, Jr., J.P., and Jackson, J.A. , eds., 2005. ''Glossary of Geology'' 5th ed. Alexandria, Virginia, American Geological Institute. 779 pp. . ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Earth's Substrata
The internal structure of Earth are the layers of the Earth, excluding its atmosphere and hydrosphere. The structure consists of an outer silicate solid crust, a highly viscous asthenosphere, and solid mantle, a liquid outer core whose flow generates the Earth's magnetic field, and a solid inner core. Scientific understanding of the internal structure of Earth is based on observations of topography and bathymetry, observations of rock in outcrop, samples brought to the surface from greater depths by volcanoes or volcanic activity, analysis of the seismic waves that pass through Earth, measurements of the gravitational and magnetic fields of Earth, and experiments with crystalline solids at pressures and temperatures characteristic of Earth's deep interior. Global properties Note: In chondrite model (1), the light element in the core is assumed to be Si. Chondrite model (2) is a model of chemical composition of the mantle corresponding to the model of core shown in chondrite ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Substrata (album)
''Substrata'' is the third studio album by Norwegian electronic music, electronic musician Geir Jenssen under the stage name Biosphere (musician), Biosphere, released in 1997 by All Saints Records. It is Biosphere's first truly ambient album, and has a theme of cold, of mountains and glaciers, and of running water. Sounds of howling wind and creaking wood, although infrequently employed, create a chilling soundscape interrupted by sonorous but quietly suspenseful music. In 2001, the album was re-released in a digitally remastered format with a second disc featuring a soundtrack for Dziga Vertov's 1929 film ''Man with a Movie Camera'', as ''Substrata 2''. Reception ''Substrata'' is considered to be a classic ambient music album, consistently ranking in the top 5 in surveys on the Hyperreal ambient mailing list. In 2016, ''Pitchfork (website), Pitchfork'' ranked it at number 38 on its list of the 50 Best Ambient Albums of All Time. Track listing Samples *Track 4: "The Things ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Substrata 2
''Substrata 2'', also written as ''Substrata²'', is a double album by ambient musician Biosphere which was released on 6 June 2001. The first disc is a remastered version of '' Substrata'', and the second disc is a soundtrack for Dziga Vertov's 1929 film '' Man with a Movie Camera'', commissioned by the Tromsø International Film Festival in 1996, plus two bonus tracks from the Japanese version of Substrata (the last two tracks). The cover image is a photograph of Taormina Taormina ( , , also , ; ) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Messina, on the east coast of the island of Sicily, Italy. Taormina has been a tourist destination since the 19th century. Its beaches on the Ionian Sea, incl ... railway station, Sicily. Track listing Disc one # "As the Sun Kissed the Horizon" – 1:47 # "Poa Alpina" – 4:11 # "Chukhung" – 7:34 # "The Things I Tell You" – 6:28 # "Times When I Know You'll Be Sad" – 3:44 # "Hyperborea" – 5:45 # "Kobresia" – ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stratum (other)
A stratum in geology is a layer of sedimentary rock or sediment. In archaeology, it is a layer of man-produced sediment of a certain age. Stratum may also refer to: Science and technology *Layer or stratum (archaeology): see Stratigraphy (archaeology) *Stratum (linguistics), a language influencing or influenced through language contact * Stratum (statistics), in stratified sampling, a homogeneous subgroup of members in the population *Stratum, an element of a topologically stratified space * Clock stratum, in a clock network, a hierarchical level reflecting the quality of a clock *Stratum corneum *Stratum membranosum, the membranous layer Other uses * Stratum, Netherlands, a city district of Eindhoven * ''Stratum'' (album), a 2012 album by Drottnar * ''Stratum'' (sculpture), a series of sculptures by Mikyoung Kim in Portland, Oregon, US See also *Strata (other) * Stratification (other) * Stratus (other) * Substrate (other) *Superstrate In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Strata (other)
Strata is the plural of stratum (the geological formation); for uses in the singular, see Stratum (other). Strata may also refer to: Media Music * Strata (band), a Northern California band * ''Strata'' (Matthew Shipp album), 1998 * ''Strata'' (Robert Rich and Steve Roach album), 1990 * ''Strata'' (Strata album), 2004 * Strata Records, a record label * Strata-East Records, a record label Printed media * Strata (comics), a superhero in the DC Universe * ''Strata'' (novel), a science fiction novel by Terry Pratchett Software * Kirix Strata, a web browser * Strata (company), a software company * Strata 3D, a 3D software * ''Strata'' (video game), a 2013 puzzle game * Strata, an IT certification from CompTIA Other uses * Strata (food), a family of layered casseroles * Strata (linguistics) * Strata roller coaster, a height classification, of roller coaster * Strata SE1, a building in London, England * Strata title Strata title is a form of ownership and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
