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Substitution (other)
Substitution may refer to: Arts and media *Substitution (poetry), a variation in poetic scansion * Substitution (theatre), an acting methodology Music *Chord substitution, swapping one chord for a related one within a chord progression *Tritone substitution, reinterpreting a chord via a new root note located an augmented fourth or diminished fifth distant from the root of the original interpretation * "Substitution" (Silversun Pickups song), a 2009 song by Silversun Pickups * "Substitution" (Purple Disco Machine and Kungs song), a 2023 song by Purple Disco Machine and Kungs Science and mathematics Biology and chemistry * Base-pair substitution or point mutation, a type of mutation *Substitution reaction, where a functional group in a chemical compound is replaced by another group **Substituent, the atom or atoms that replaces those of the reactant *Substitution, a process in which an allele arises and undergoes fixation Mathematics and computing *Substitution (algebra), replac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Substitution (poetry)
In English poetry substitution, also known as inversion, is the use of an alien metric foot in a line of otherwise regular metrical pattern. For instance in an iambic line of "da DUM", a trochaic substitution would introduce a foot of "DUM da". Trochaic substitution In a line of verse that normally employs iambic meter, trochaic substitution describes the replacement of an iamb by a trochee. The following line from John Keats's '' To Autumn'' is straightforward iambic pentameter: :To swell the gourd, and plump the hazel shells Using '°' for a weak syllable, '/' for a strong syllable, and ', ' for divisions between feet it can be represented as: The opening of a sonnet by John Donne demonstrates trochaic substitution of the first foot ("Batter"): Donne uses an inversion (DUM da instead of da DUM) in the first foot of the first line to stress the key verb, "batter", and then sets up a clear iambic pattern with the rest of the line Shakespeare's Hamlet includes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Levenshtein Distance
In information theory, linguistics, and computer science, the Levenshtein distance is a string metric for measuring the difference between two sequences. The Levenshtein distance between two words is the minimum number of single-character edits (insertions, deletions or substitutions) required to change one word into the other. It is named after Soviet mathematician Vladimir Levenshtein, who defined the metric in 1965. Levenshtein distance may also be referred to as ''edit distance'', although that term may also denote a larger family of distance metrics known collectively as edit distance. It is closely related to pairwise string alignments. Definition The Levenshtein distance between two strings a, b (of length , a, and , b, respectively) is given by \operatorname(a, b) where : \operatorname(a, b) = \begin , a, & \text , b, = 0, \\ , b, & \text , a, = 0, \\ \operatorname\big(\operatorname(a),\operatorname(b)\big) & \text \operatorname(a)= \operatorname(b), \\ 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Substitution
Substitution may refer to: Arts and media *Substitution (poetry), a variation in poetic scansion * Substitution (theatre), an acting methodology Music *Chord substitution, swapping one chord for a related one within a chord progression *Tritone substitution, reinterpreting a chord via a new root note located an augmented fourth or diminished fifth distant from the root of the original interpretation * "Substitution" (Silversun Pickups song), a 2009 song by Silversun Pickups * "Substitution" (Purple Disco Machine and Kungs song), a 2023 song by Purple Disco Machine and Kungs Science and mathematics Biology and chemistry * Base-pair substitution or point mutation, a type of mutation *Substitution reaction, where a functional group in a chemical compound is replaced by another group **Substituent, the atom or atoms that replaces those of the reactant *Substitution, a process in which an allele arises and undergoes fixation Mathematics and computing *Substitution (algebra), replac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simultaneous Substitution
Simultaneous substitution (also known as simsubbing or signal substitution) is a practice mandated by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) requiring pay television, broadcast distribution undertakings (BDUs) in Canada to distribute the signal of a local or regional terrestrial television, over-the-air station in place of the signal of a foreign or non-local television station (typically one that is affiliated with a U.S. commercial television network such as American Broadcasting Company, ABC, CBS, NBC, and Fox Broadcasting Company, Fox), when the two stations are broadcasting identical programming simultaneously. The CRTC first introduced the policy in 1972, and it is sometimes erroneously called "simulcasting", the name of a practice different from simultaneous substitution in that there is no signal replacement. According to the CRTC, the practice of simultaneous substitution is necessary "to protect the rights of broadcasters, to enable tele ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Penal Substitution
Penal substitution, also called penal substitutionary atonement and especially in older writings forensic theory,Vincent Taylor (theologian), Vincent Taylor, ''The Cross of Christ'' (London: Macmillan & Co, 1956), pp. 71–72: '...the ''four main types'', which have persisted throughout the centuries. The oldest theory is the ''Ransom Theory''...It held sway for a thousand years. ... The ''Forensic Theory'' is that of the Reformers and their successors.' is a theory of the Atonement in Christianity, atonement within Protestantism, Protestant Christian theology, which declares that Christ, voluntarily submitting to God the Father's plan, was punished (penalized) in the place of (substitution) sinners, thus Atonement (satisfaction view), satisfying the demands of justice and propitiation, so God can justly forgive sins making us at one with God (atonement). It began with the German Reformation leader Martin Luther and continued to develop within the Calvinism, Calvinist traditionJ. I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Import Substitution Industrialization
Import substitution industrialization (ISI) is a protectionist trade and economics, economic policy that advocates replacing foreign imports with domestic production. It is based on the premise that a country should attempt to reduce its foreign dependency through the local production of industrialized products. The term primarily refers to 20th-century development economics policies, but it has been advocated since the 18th century by economists such as Friedrich List and Alexander Hamilton. ISI policies have been enacted by developing countries with the intention of producing development and self-sufficiency by the creation of an internal market. The state leads economic development by nationalization, subsidization of manufacturing, increased taxation, and highly protectionist trade policies. In the context of Latin American development, the term "Latin American structuralism" refers to the era of import substitution industrialization in many Latin American countries from the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Substitution Therapy
Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a substance use disorder characterized by cravings for opioids, continued use despite physical and/or psychological deterioration, increased tolerance with use, and withdrawal symptoms after discontinuing opioids. Opioid withdrawal symptoms include nausea, muscle aches, diarrhea, trouble sleeping, agitation, and a low mood. Addiction and dependence are important components of opioid use disorder. Risk factors include a history of opioid misuse, current opioid misuse, young age, socioeconomic status, race, untreated psychiatric disorders, and environments that promote misuse (social, family, professional, etc.). Complications may include opioid overdose, suicide, HIV/AIDS, hepatitis C, and problems meeting social or professional responsibilities. Diagnosis may be based on criteria by the American Psychiatric Association in the DSM-5. Opioids include substances such as heroin, morphine, fentanyl, codeine, dihydrocodeine, oxycodone, and hydrocodone. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Substitution (sport)
In team sports, substitution (or interchange) is replacing one player with another during a match. Substitute players that are not in the starting lineup (also known as bench players, backups, interchange, or reserves) reside on the bench and are available to substitute for a starter. Later in the match, that substitute may be substituted for by another substitute or by a starter who is currently on the bench. Free substitution or rolling substitution is a rule in some sports that allows players to enter and leave the game for other players many times during the course of a game, generally during a time-out or other break in live play; and for coaches to bring in and take out players an unlimited number of times. In other sports, limited substitution restricts the manner in which players can be replaced. Sports that allow free substitution Sports that allow unlimited substitution during live play *Beach soccer, futsal and indoor soccer: Unlike standard association football, th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Substitution (law)
In legal terms, the right of substitution is a statutory right of all parties except the state. It is the right to change the presiding court official with or without cause. Judges are usually given cases randomly within a jurisdiction (unless there is only one judge in a jurisdiction, in which case they receive all cases). The right of substitution does not give a litigant the right to choose a judge, just the random selection of another judge in the jurisdiction. If the right is exercised in a jurisdiction with one judge usually a judge from a neighboring jurisdiction will take the case, although on occasion a Reserve Judge or Commissioner may be used. Right of substitution with cause The right of substitution, where applicable, may be exercised by criminal and juvenile defendants and all parties in a civil action. Substitution for cause can be for any bias a judge may have in the case, such as an association with a party (family, friendship or even stock ownership), havi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Substitution Method
In optical fiber technology, the substitution method is a method of measuring the transmission loss of a fiber. It consists of: #using a stable optical source, at the wavelength of interest, to drive a mode scrambler, the output of which overfills (drives) a 1 to 2 meter long reference fiber having physical and optical characteristics matching those of the fiber under test, #measuring the power level at the output of the reference fiber, #repeating the procedure, substituting the fiber under test for the reference fiber, and #subtracting the power level obtained at the output of the fiber under test from the power level obtained at the output of the reference fiber, to get the transmission loss of the fiber under test. The substitution method has certain shortcomings with regard to its accuracy Accuracy and precision are two measures of ''observational error''. ''Accuracy'' is how close a given set of measurements (observations or readings) are to their ''true value''. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Attribute Substitution
Attribute substitution is a psychological process thought to underlie a number of cognitive biases and perceptual illusions. It occurs when an individual has to make a judgment (of a ''target attribute'') that is computationally complex, and instead substitutes a more easily calculated '' heuristic attribute''. This substitution is thought of as taking place in the automatic ''intuitive'' judgment system, rather than the more self-aware ''reflective'' system. Hence, when someone tries to answer a difficult question, they may actually answer a related but different question, without realizing that a substitution has taken place. This explains why individuals can be unaware of their own biases, and why biases persist even when the subject is made aware of them. It also explains why human judgments often fail to show regression toward the mean. The theory of attribute substitution unifies a number of separate explanations of reasoning errors in terms of cognitive heuristics. In tu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Substitution (economics)
In microeconomics, substitute goods are two goods that can be used for the same purpose by consumers. That is, a consumer perceives both goods as similar or comparable, so that having more of one good causes the consumer to desire less of the other good. Contrary to complementary goods and independent goods, substitute goods may replace each other in use due to changing economic conditions. An example of substitute goods is Coca-Cola and Pepsi; the interchangeable aspect of these goods is due to the similarity of the purpose they serve, i.e. fulfilling customers' desire for a soft drink. These types of substitutes can be referred to as close substitutes. Substitute goods are commodity which the consumer demanded to be used in place of another good. Economic theory describes two goods as being close substitutes if three conditions hold: # products have the same or similar performance characteristics # products have the same or similar occasion for use and # products are sold in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
