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Strauss–Howe Generational Theory
The Strauss–Howe generational theory, devised by William Strauss and Neil Howe, is a psychohistorical theory which describes a theorized recurring generation cycle in American and Western history. According to the theory, historical events are associated with recurring generational personas (archetypes). Each generational persona unleashes a new era (called a turning) lasting around 21 years, in which a new social, political, and economic climate (mood) exists. They are part of a larger cyclical " saeculum" (a long human life, which usually spans around 85 years, although some ''saecula'' have lasted longer). The theory states that a crisis recurs in American history after every saeculum, which is followed by a recovery (high). During this recovery, institutions and communitarian values are strong. Ultimately, succeeding generational archetypes attack and weaken institutions in the name of autonomy and individualism, which eventually creates a tumultuous political envir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theory Of Generations
Theory of generations (or sociology of generations) is a theory posed by Karl Mannheim in his 1928 essay, "Das Problem der Generationen," and translated into English in 1952 as "The Problem of Generations." This essay has been described as "the most systematic and fully developed" and even "the seminal theoretical treatment of generations as a sociological phenomenon". Jane Pilcher, Mannheim's sociology of generations: an undervalued legacy', 1993 According to Mannheim, people are significantly influenced by the socio-historical environment (in particular, notable events that involve them actively) of their youth; giving rise, on the basis of shared experience, to social cohorts that in their turn influence events that shape future generations. Because of the historical context in which Mannheim wrote, some critics contend that the theory of generations centers on Western ideas and lacks a broader cultural understanding. Others argue that the theory of generations should be global ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The History Of America's Future, 1584-2069
''The'' is a grammatical article in English, denoting nouns that are already or about to be mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. ''The'' is the most frequently used word in the English language; studies and analyses of texts have found it to account for seven percent of all printed English-language words. It is derived from gendered articles in Old English which combined in Middle English and now has a single form used with nouns of any gender. The word can be used with both singular and plural nouns, and with a noun that starts with any letter. This is different from many other languages, which have different forms of the definite article for different genders or numbers. Pronunciation In most dialects, "the" is pronounced as (with the voiced dental fricative followed by a schwa) when followed by a consonant sound, and as (homophone of the archaic pronoun ''thee' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Steve Bannon
Stephen Kevin Bannon (born November 27, 1953) is an American media executive, political strategist, and former investment banker. He served as the White House's chief strategist for the first seven months of president Donald Trump's first administration before Trump fired him. He is a former executive chairman of ''Breitbart News''. Bannon was an officer in the United States Navy between 1977 and 1983, then worked for two years at Goldman Sachs as an investment banker. In 1993, he became acting director of the research project Biosphere 2. He was an executive producer on 18 Hollywood films from 1991 to 2016. In 2007, he co-founded ''Breitbart News'', a website which he described in 2016 as "the platform for the alt-right". In the mid-2010s, Bannon was a vice president of Cambridge Analytica, a firm that collected data on millions of Facebook users, without their informed consent, for use in Trump’s campaign and Brexit, in some cases spreading fake news. Later knowledge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Fourth Turning Is Here
''The Fourth Turning Is Here'' is a 2023 book by Neil Howe. It is a sequel to The Fourth Turning (1997), which was cowritten with William Strauss. Summary The book elaborates on the Strauss–Howe generational theory, positing that the United States is in a political and economic crisis that began with the Great Recession and will end in the 2030s. It examines the role that different generational cohorts, especially Gen X, Millennials, and Gen Z, play in shaping the modern United States. Reception Francis Fukuyama, in ''The New York Times'', criticized the book's thesis for being too neat and arbitrary, calling it "an updated version of Whig history Whig history (or Whig historiography) is an approach to historiography that presents history as a journey from an oppressive and benighted past to a "glorious present". The present described is generally one with modern forms of liberal democracy ...." N.S. Lyons of ''City Journal'' described the book as "Filled with fasci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thirteen Colonies
The Thirteen Colonies were the British colonies on the Atlantic coast of North America which broke away from the British Crown in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), and joined to form the United States of America. The Thirteen Colonies in their traditional groupings were: the New England Colonies (New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut); the Middle Colonies ( New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware); and the Southern Colonies (Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia). These colonies were part of British America, which also included territory in The Floridas, the Caribbean, and what is today Canada. The Thirteen Colonies were separately administered under the Crown, but had similar political, constitutional, and legal systems, and each was dominated by Protestant English-speakers. The first of the colonies, Virginia, was established at Jamestown, in 1607. Maryland, Pennsylvania, and the New England Colon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Optimistic
Optimism is the attitude or mindset of expecting events to lead to particularly positive, favorable, desirable, and hopeful outcomes. A common idiom used to illustrate optimism versus pessimism is a glass filled with water to the halfway point: an optimist is said to see the glass as half full, while a pessimist sees the glass as half empty. In ordinary English, optimism may be synonymous with ''idealism''—often, unrealistic or foolish optimism in particular. The term derives from the Latin , meaning "best". To be optimistic, in the typical sense of the word, is to expect the best possible outcome from any given situation. This is usually referred to in psychology as dispositional optimism. It reflects a belief that future conditions will work out for the best. As a trait, it fosters resilience in the face of stress. Theories of optimism include dispositional models and models of explanatory style. Methods to measure optimism have been developed within both of these ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Family Values
Family values, sometimes referred to as familial values, are traditional or cultural values that pertain to the family's structure, function, roles, beliefs, attitudes, and ideals. Additionally, the concept of family values may be understood as a reflection of the degree to which familial relationships are valued within an individual's life. In the social sciences and U.S. political discourse, the conventional term '' traditional family'' describes the nuclear family—a child-rearing environment composed of a leading father, a homemaking mother, and their nominally biological children. A family deviating from this model is considered a nontraditional family. Definition Several online dictionaries define "family values" as the following: * "the moral and ethical principles traditionally upheld and passed on within a family, as fidelity, honesty, truth, and faith." * "values especially of a traditional or conservative kind which are held to promote the sound functioning of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conservative
Conservatism is a cultural, social, and political philosophy and ideology that seeks to promote and preserve traditional institutions, customs, and values. The central tenets of conservatism may vary in relation to the culture and civilization in which it appears. In Western culture, depending on the particular nation, conservatives seek to promote and preserve a range of institutions, such as the nuclear family, organized religion, the military, the nation-state, property rights, rule of law, aristocracy, and monarchy. Conservatives tend to favor institutions and practices that enhance social order and historical continuity. The 18th-century Anglo-Irish statesman Edmund Burke, who opposed the French Revolution but supported the American Revolution, is credited as one of the forefathers of conservative thought in the 1790s along with Savoyard statesman Joseph de Maistre. The first established use of the term in a political context originated in 1818 with François- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Generation Gap
A generation gap or generational gap is a difference of opinions and outlooks between one generation and another. These differences may relate to beliefs, politics, language, work, demographics and values. The differences between generations can cause misunderstandings, but it is possible for generations to overcome their differences and maintain functional relationships. History John Protzko and Jonathan Schooler report that since 624 BC people have complained about the decline of the present generation of youth compared to earlier generations. They call this the "kids these days effect". Early sociologists such as Karl Mannheim noted differences across generations in how the youth transits into adulthood, and studied the ways in which generations separate themselves from one another, in the home and in social situations and areas (such as churches, clubs, senior centers, and youth centers). The sociological theory of a generation gap first came to light in the 1960s, when the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Fourth Turning
''The Fourth Turning: An American Prophecy'' is a 1997 book by Neil Howe and William Strauss. It is based on the Strauss–Howe generational theory, which posits that American history is driven by generational cycles of political and economic crisis followed by periods of prosperity. A sequel, The Fourth Turning Is Here, was published in 2023. Reception It was met with mostly positive reviews. ''Kirkus Reviews'' wrote that "Strauss and Howe use an amazing knowledge of popular culture to remain entertaining throughout, despite the heavy subject matter, and produce a metahistory to ponder as we approach the new millennium." LeGrande Fletcher, in ''Trends in Law Library Management and Technology'', called it "an unusual approach to evaluating societal trends that law librarians might want to consider, even if they disagree with the authors' historical predictions." The book has influenced policymakers like Steve Bannon Stephen Kevin Bannon (born November 27, 1953) is an Am ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Millennials
Millennials, also known as Generation Y or Gen Y, are the demographic cohort following Generation X and preceding Generation Z. Researchers and popular media use the early 1980s as starting birth years and the mid-1990s to early 2000s as ending birth years, with the generation typically being defined as people born from 1981 to 1996. Most millennials are the children of Baby Boomers. In turn, millennials are often the parents of Generation Alpha. As the first generation to grow up with the Internet, millennials have been described as the first global generation. The generation is generally marked by elevated usage of and familiarity with the Internet, mobile devices, social media, and technology in general. The term " digital natives", which is now also applied to successive generations, was originally coined to describe this generation. Between the 1990s and 2010s, people from developing countries became increasingly well-educated, a factor that boosted economic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Self-actualization
Self-actualization, in Maslow's hierarchy of needs, is the highest personal aspirational human need in the hierarchy. It represents where one's potential is fully realized after more basic needs, such as for the body and the ego, have been fulfilled. Long received in psychological teaching as the peak of human needs, Maslow later added the category self-transcendence (which, strictly speaking, extends beyond one's own "needs"). Self-actualization was coined by the organismic theorist Kurt Goldstein for the motive to realize one's full potential: "the tendency to actualize itself as fully as possible is the basic drive ... the drive of self-actualization." Carl Rogers similarly wrote of "the curative force in psychotherapy''man's tendency to actualize himself, to become his potentialities'' ... to express and activate all the capacities of the organism."Carl Rogers, ''On Becoming a Person'' (1961) p. 350-1 Abraham Maslow's theory Definition Maslow defined self-ac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
