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Sthāṇu Ravi Kulaśekhara
Sthanu Ravi Varma ( Early Malayalam and Tamil: Ko Tanu Iravi), known as the Kulasekhara, was the Chera Perumal ruler of Kerala in southern India from 844/45 to ''c.'' 870/71 AD.Noburu Karashima (ed.), A Concise History of South India: Issues and Interpretations'' New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2014. 146-47.'Changes in Land Relations during the Decline of the Cera State,' In Kesavan Veluthat and Donald R. Davis Jr. (eds), Irreverent History:- Essays for M.G.S. Narayanan'' Primus Books, New Delhi, 2014. 74-75. He is the earliest Chera Perumal ruler known to scholars. Sthanu Ravi famously helped the Chola ruler Aditya I (c. 871–907 AD) to conquer the Kongu country from the Pandyas in c. 885 AD. The famous Quilon Syrian Christian copper plates are dated in the fifth regnal year of king Sthanu Ravi. Two more inscriptions dated in the regnal years of Sthanu Ravi can be found at Irinjalakuda Kudalmanikyam Temple, and at Thiruvatruvay, Thiruvalla.Narayanan, M. G. S. ''Perumāḷs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kudiyattam
Koodiyattam (; IAST: kūṭiyāṭṭaṁ; ) is a traditional performing art form in the state of Kerala, India. It is a combination of ancient Sanskrit theatre with elements of ''Koothu'', an ancient performing art from the Sangam era. It is officially recognised by UNESCO as a Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity. Origin Koodiyattam, meaning "combined acting" in Malayalam, combines Sanskrit theatre performance with elements of koothu. It is traditionally performed in temple theatres known as ''koothambalams''. It is the only surviving art form that uses drama from ancient Sanskrit theatre. It has a documented history of a thousand years in Kerala, but its origins are not known. Koodiyattam and Chakyar koothu were among the dramatized dance worship services in the temples of ancient India, particularly Kerala. Both koodiyattam and Chakyar koothu originated from the ancient art form koothu, which is mentioned several times in Sangam literature, and th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kongu Chera Dynasty
Kongu Chera dynasty, or Cheras or Keralas of Kongu or Karur, or simply as the Chera dynasty, was a medieval royal lineage in south India that initially ruled over western Tamil Nadu and central Kerala. The headquarters of the Kongu Cheras was located at Karur-Vanchi (present-day Karur), an ancient base of the early historic Cheras in central Tamil Nadu. The Chera rulers of Kongu were subordinate to, or were conquered by, the Chalukya, Pallava, and Pandya kings. Rashtrakuta and Chola rulers are also said to have overrun the Kongu Chera country. The Kongu Cheras claimed descent from the Cheras who flourished in pre-Pallava (early historic) south India. Present-day central Kerala likely detached from the Kongu Chera kingdom around the 8th-9th century AD to form the Chera kingdom on the western coast (fl. ''c.'' 9th – 12th century AD; modern Kerala). The exact relationship between the different branches of the Chera family — such as the one based in Karur and the other in Ko ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anjuvannam
Anjuvannam (in Malayalam, from Persian anjuman, and hanjama or hanjamana in Telugu or Kannada or hamyamana) typically refers to a medieval merchant guild, consisting of non-Indian traders — principally ethnic Persians and Arabs — primarily active in south India. Along with manigramam and ainurruvar (the Ayyavole Five Hundred), the anjuvannam merchant guild played a major role in the commercial activities of southern India in the medieval period. Unlike manigiramam merchant guild, which was also operating in Indian hinterland, the presence of anjuvannam is found only in coastal towns. In some ports this guild obtained royal charters, which permitted the special immunities and privileges within those cities. Anjuvannam finds mention in number of south Indian inscriptions, most notably in Quilon Syrian copper plates (c. 849 CE) and in Jewish copper plates of Cochin (c. 1000 CE). The guild initially engaged in commercial activities along the Kerala coast before expanding its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Venad
Venad was a medieval kingdom between the Western Ghat mountains of India with its capital at city of Quilon.Noburu Karashmia (ed.), A Concise History of South India: Issues and Interpretations. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2014. 143-44.Narayanan, M. G. S. 2002. ‘The State in the Era of the Ceraman Perumals of Kerala’, in ''State and Society in Premodern South India'', eds R. Champakalakshmi, Kesavan Veluthat, and T. R. Venugopalan, pp.111–19. Thrissur, CosmoBooks. It was one of the major principalities of Kerala, along with kingdoms of Kolathunadu, Zamorin, and Kochi in medieval and early modern period.Menon, T. Madhava. ''A Handbook of Kerala.'' Vol 1. Trivandrum: Dravidian Linguistics Association, 2002/ref> Venad outlasted the Chera Perumals of Makotai, Chera Perumal kingdom, gradually developed as an independent principality, known as the Chera kingdomThapar, Romila'', The Penguin History of Early India: From the Origins to AD 1300.'' Penguin Books, 2002. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aryabhata
Aryabhata ( ISO: ) or Aryabhata I (476–550 CE) was the first of the major mathematician-astronomers from the classical age of Indian mathematics and Indian astronomy. His works include the '' Āryabhaṭīya'' (which mentions that in 3600 '' Kali Yuga'', 499 CE, he was 23 years old) and the ''Arya- siddhanta''. For his explicit mention of the relativity of motion, he also qualifies as a major early physicist. Biography Name While there is a tendency to misspell his name as "Aryabhatta" by analogy with other names having the " bhatta" suffix, his name is properly spelled Aryabhata: every astronomical text spells his name thus, including Brahmagupta's references to him "in more than a hundred places by name". Furthermore, in most instances "Aryabhatta" would not fit the metre either. Time and place of birth Aryabhata mentions in the ''Aryabhatiya'' that he was 23 years old 3,600 years into the '' Kali Yuga'', but this is not to mean that the text was composed at that ti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bhāskara I
Bhāskara (; commonly called Bhāskara I to avoid confusion with the 12th-century mathematician Bhāskara II) was a 7th-century Indian mathematician and astronomer who was the first to write numbers in the Hindu–Arabic decimal system with a circle for the zero, and who gave a unique and remarkable rational approximation of the sine function in his commentary on Aryabhata's work. This commentary, ''Āryabhaṭīyabhāṣya'', written in 629, is among the oldest known prose works in Sanskrit on mathematics and astronomy. He also wrote two astronomical works in the line of Aryabhata's school: the ''Mahābhāskarīya'' ("Great Book of Bhāskara") and the ''Laghubhāskarīya'' ("Small Book of Bhāskara"). On 7 June 1979, the Indian Space Research Organisation launched the Bhāskara I satellite, named in honour of the mathematician. Biography Little is known about Bhāskara's life, except for what can be deduced from his writings. He was born in India in the 7th century, and wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Śaṅkaranārāyaṇa
Sankaranarayana (c. 840 – c. 900 AD) was an Indian astronomer-mathematician in the court of Sthanu Ravi Kulasekhara (c. 844 – c. 870 AD) of the early medieval Chera kingdom in Kerala. He is celebrated as the author of ''Laghubhaskariyavivarana'' or ''Laghubhaskariyavyakha'', a detailed commentary on astronomical treatise ''Laghubhaskariya'' by 7th century mathematician Bhaskara I (which in turn was based on the works of the 5th century polymath Aryabhata). Sankaranarayana is known to have established an astronomical observatory at the port of Mahodayapuram, present-day Kodungallur, in central Kerala. ''Laghubhaskariyavivarana'' (Chapter VII) explicitly states that it was composed in Saka Year 791 (corresponding to 869/70 AD). In the second verse of the commentary Sankaranarayana remembers five major predecessors in the field of mathematics (Aryabhata, Varahamihira, Bhaskara I, Govinda and Haridatta), including his possible master Govinda (c. 800 – c. 860 AD). The co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Srikantha Chola
Srikantha Chola (Telugu: శ్రీకంత చోళుడు) (Tamil: ஸ்ரீகந்த சோழன்) was a Telugu Chola ruler belonging to Pottapi Chola family which claims descent from ancient Tamil king Karikala Chola. He was ruling Renadu region as a feudatory of Pallavas. Madras Museum Copper Plates of Srikantha Chola Five copper-plates which have been preserved in the Madras Museum for a long time. They are strung on a ring, which carries a signet ring, to which a seal is soldered. It bears, in relief, a standing boar facing the proper right. An elephant goad surmounted by the sun and moon is above the boar and a dagger is to its proper right. Three inscriptions are recorded in these plates. The first inscription is in Sanskrit. It occupies three plates and a portion of the fourth plate. It records that Srikantha, a Chola Adhiraja, gave the village of Mandara to Balashakti, for the regular conduct of worship and offerings to Siva. The second and third ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kadamba Dynasty
The Kadamba dynasty were an ancient royal family from modern Karnataka, India, that ruled northern Karnataka and the Konkan from Banavasi in present-day Uttara Kannada, Uttara Kannada district in India. The kingdom was founded by Mayurasharma in , and at later times showed the potential of developing into imperial proportions. An indication of their imperial ambitions is provided by the titles and epithets assumed by its rulers, and the marital relations they kept with other kingdoms and empires, such as the Vakataka dynasty, Vakatakas and Gupta Dynasty, Guptas of North India, northern India. Mayurasharma defeated the armies of the Pallavas of Kanchi possibly with the help of some native tribes and claimed sovereignty. The Kadamba power reached its peak during the rule of Kakusthavarma. The Kadambas were contemporaries of the Western Ganga dynasty and together they formed the earliest native kingdoms to rule the land with autonomy. From the mid-6th century the dynasty con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Western Ganga Dynasty
Western Ganga was an important ruling dynasty of ancient Karnataka in India which lasted from about 350 to 999 CE. They are known as "Western Gangas" to distinguish them from the Eastern Ganga Dynasty, Eastern Gangas who in later centuries ruled over Kalinga (historical region), Kalinga (modern Odisha and Northern Andhra Pradesh). The general belief is that the Western Gangas began their rule during a time when multiple native clans asserted their freedom due to the weakening of the Pallava empire in South India, a geo-political event sometimes attributed to the southern conquests of Samudra Gupta. The Western Ganga sovereignty lasted from about 350 to 550 CE, initially ruling from Kolar, Karnataka, Kolar and later, moving their capital to Talakadu on the banks of the Kaveri River in modern Mysore district. After the rise of the imperial Chalukya dynasty, Chalukyas of Badami, the Gangas accepted Chalukya overlordship and fought for the cause of their overlords against the Pal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thanjavur
Thanjavur (), also known as Thanjai, previously known as Tanjore, Pletcher 2010, p. 195 is a city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is the 12th biggest city in Tamil Nadu. Thanjavur is an important center of southern Indian religion, art, and architecture. Most of the Great Living Chola Temples, which are UNESCO World Heritage Monuments, are located in and around Thanjavur. The foremost among these, the Brihadisvara Temple, built by the Chola emperor Rajaraja I, is located in the centre of the city. This temple has one of the largest bull statues (called Nandi) in India carved out of a single granite rock. Thanjavur is also home to Tanjore painting, a painting style unique to the region. Thanjavur is the headquarters of the Thanjavur District. The city is an important agricultural centre located in the Kaveri Delta and is known as the ''Rice bowl of Tamil Nadu''. Thanjavur is administered by a municipal corporation covering an area of and had a population of 222,943 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu (; , TN) is the southernmost States and union territories of India, state of India. The List of states and union territories of India by area, tenth largest Indian state by area and the List of states and union territories of India by population, sixth largest by population, Tamil Nadu is the home of the Tamil people, who speak the Tamil language—the state's official language and one of the longest surviving Classical languages of India, classical languages of the world. The capital and largest city is Chennai. Located on the south-eastern coast of the Indian peninsula, Tamil Nadu is straddled by the Western Ghats and Deccan Plateau in the west, the Eastern Ghats in the north, the Eastern Coastal Plains lining the Bay of Bengal in the east, the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait to the south-east, the Laccadive Sea at the southern Cape (geography), cape of the peninsula, with the river Kaveri bisecting the state. Politically, Tamil Nadu is bound by the Indian sta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
