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State Security (Czechoslovakia)
State Security (, ), or StB / ŠtB, was the secret police force in communist Czechoslovakia from 1945 to its dissolution in 1990. Serving as an intelligence and counter-intelligence agency, it dealt with any activity that was considered opposition to the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia and the state. History From its establishment on 30 June 1945, the StB was controlled by the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. The Party used the StB as an instrument of power and repression; State Security spied on and intimidated political opponents of the Party and forged false criminal evidence against them, facilitating the communists' rise to power in 1948. After the arrival of Soviet advisors in 1949, nearly a year after the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia seized power, the StB began to undergo a fundamental ideological change as the older generation of experienced, educated, and mostly middle-class secret police began to be replaced or purged. The replacements were a younger generation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coat Of Arms Of Czechoslovakia
The coat of arms of Czechoslovakia were changed many times during Czechoslovakia’s history, some alongside each other. This reflects the turbulent history of the country and a wish to use appropriate territorial coats of arms. In creation of Czechoslovakia File:Coat of arms of the Provisional Czecho-Slovak Government.png, Coat of arms of the Czechoslovak National Council in Paris before creation of Czechoslovakia. (1916–1918). File:Coat of arms of the Czechoslovak Legion.svg, Motive from emblem of the Czechoslovak Legion was used as unofficial coat of arms of Czechoslovakia in (1918–1920). File:Lesser arms of Bohemia and Moravia (1939-1945).svg, Coat of arms of Czechoslovakia (1919–1920). First (1918–1938), Second (1938–1939) and Post-War Czechoslovak Republic (1945–1960) Three variants of the coat of arms of Czechoslovakia were adopted in 1920 along with the Czechoslovak Constitution of 1920. After the creation of the Second Czechoslovak Republic in 1938 al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iron Curtain
The Iron Curtain was the political and physical boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of World War II in 1945 until the end of the Cold War in 1991. On the east side of the Iron Curtain were countries connected to the Soviet Union, and on the west side those that were NATO members. Economic and military alliances developed on each side of the Iron Curtain, and it became a term for the physical barriers of razor wire, Fence, fences, Fortified wall, walls, minefields, and Watchtower, watchtowers built along it. The nations to the east of the Iron Curtain were People's Republic of Poland, Poland, East Germany, Socialist Republic of Czechoslovakia, Czechoslovakia, Hungarian People's Republic, Hungary, Socialist Republic of Romania, Romania, People's Republic of Bulgaria, Bulgaria, People's Republic of Albania, Albania, and the USSR; however, Reunification of Germany, East Germany, Breakup of Czechoslovakia, Czechoslovakia, and the Dissolution of the USSR, USS ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monster (manga)
''Monster'' (stylized in all caps) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Naoki Urasawa. It was published by Shogakukan in its manga magazine ''Big Comic Original'' between December 1994 and December 2001, with its chapters collected in 18 volumes. The story revolves around Kenzo Tenma, a Japanese surgeon living in Düsseldorf, Germany whose life enters turmoil after he gets himself involved with Johan Liebert, one of his former patients, who is revealed to be a nihilistic sociopath and a serial killer. Urasawa later wrote and illustrated the novel ''Another Monster'', a story detailing the events of the manga from an investigative reporter's point of view, which was published in 2002. The manga was adapted by Madhouse into a 74-episode anime television series, which aired on Nippon TV from April 2004 to September 2005. The manga and anime were both licensed by Viz Media for English releases in North America, and the anime was broadcast on several televi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Time (magazine)
''Time'' (stylized in all caps as ''TIME'') is an American news magazine based in New York City. It was published Weekly newspaper, weekly for nearly a century. Starting in March 2020, it transitioned to every other week. It was first published in New York City on March 3, 1923, and for many years it was run by its influential co-founder, Henry Luce. A European edition (''Time Europe'', formerly known as ''Time Atlantic'') is published in London and also covers the Middle East, Africa, and, since 2003, Latin America. An Asian edition (''Time Asia'') is based in Hong Kong. The South Pacific edition, which covers Australia, New Zealand, and the Pacific Islands, is based in Sydney. Since 2018, ''Time'' has been owned by Salesforce founder Marc Benioff, who acquired it from Meredith Corporation. Benioff currently publishes the magazine through the company Time USA, LLC. History 20th century ''Time'' has been based in New York City since its first issue published on March 3, 1923 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Office For The Documentation And The Investigation Of The Crimes Of Communism
The Office of the Documentation and the Investigation of the Crimes of Communism (, abbrev. ÚDV) is the Czech police subdivision which investigated criminal acts from 1948 to 1989 which were unsolvable for political reasons during the Czechoslovak communist regime. See also * Institute for the Study of Totalitarian Regimes External links Official website of the office Anti-communism in the Czech Republic Law enforcement agencies in the Czech Republic Commemoration of communist crimes Decommunization Truth and reconciliation commissions 1995 establishments in the Czech Republic {{Czech-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radio Prague
Radio Prague International () is the official international broadcasting station of the Czech Republic. Broadcasting first began on 31 August 1936 near the spa town of Poděbrady. Radio Prague broadcasts in six languages: English, German, French, Spanish, Czech and Russian. It broadcasts programmes about the Czech Republic on satellite and on the Internet. In 2021, Rospotrebnadzor blocked the website of Radio Prague International in Russia due to a report about Jan Palach from 2001. See also * Battle for Czech Radio * Czech Radio Czech Radio (, ČRo) is the public radio broadcaster of the Czech Republic operating continuously since 1923. It is the oldest national radio broadcaster in continental Europe and the second-oldest in Europe after the BBC. Czech Radio was esta ..., the Czech publicly funded radio broadcaster * Czech Television, the Czech publicly funded television broadcaster References External links * – Radio Prague Radio Prague International ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petr Cibulka
Petr Cibulka (born 27 October 1950) is a Czech politician and former dissident. He is the founder and leader of the minor Right Bloc political party. Communist era Cibulka was born in Brno, Czechoslovakia. As a former member of Charter 77, Cibulka was imprisoned multiple times during Communist rule in Czechoslovakia. Prior to the Velvet Revolution The Velvet Revolution () or Gentle Revolution () was a non-violent transition of power in what was then Czechoslovakia, occurring from 17 November to 28 November 1989. Popular demonstrations against the one-party government of the Communist Pa ... in 1989, Cibulka had been arrested three times, and spent a total of four years in prison for distributing non-official cultural and musical material. During the Velvet Revolution, he was again arrested and imprisoned, but was released as crowds gathered in front of the prison in which he was held and demanded his release. StB archives disclosure In the early 1990s, Cibulka publish ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Public Security (Czechoslovakia)
Public Security ( B B ) was the regular police force of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (ČSSR), created in 1945 as a branch of the National Security Corps (), which also included State Security (). History When the Czech Police was established on 15 July 1991, the VB was used as the basis of reforming the force under Act 283/1991 Coll. Organization The VB was divided into the Public Order and Traffic VB (Highway Patrol), Criminal Investigations VB (major crimes, forensics) and an Infrastructure Security section (security of important buildings, installations, etc.). There were regional, district, city and local detachments of the force. Its given wartime mission scenarios include rear security operations and security of POW facilities. The VB were permitted to demand from any citizen an identification booklet (). This booklet contained a photograph and information such as name, current address and place of employment (being unemployed in the ČSSR was practically il ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Act On Lawlessness Of The Communist Regime And On Resistance Against It
Act on Illegality of the Communist Regime and on Resistance Against It (, zákon č. 198/1993 Sb.) is an act passed on 9 July 1993 in the Parliament of the Czech Republic. This act declared the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, Communist regime in Czechoslovakia (25 February 1948 – 23 April 1990) as illegal and the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia as a criminal organisation. Most of the act is formulated as a resolution. The resolution made the Czech Republic the first former Eastern Bloc country or successor state to officially condemn a former Communist regime. Challenge of the Act before the Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic After passing the Act a group of 41 Deputies (MPs) challenged the Act before the Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic and demanded that the Act be declared as unconstitutional and voided. The Constitutional Court, however, ruled on 21 December 1993 that the Act was not in violation with the constitutional order of the Czech Republic an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lustration
Lustration in Central and Eastern Europe is the official public procedure of scrutinizing a public official or a candidate for public office in terms of their history as a witting confidential collaborator (informant) of relevant former communist secret police, an activity widely condemned by the public opinion of those states as morally corrupt due to its essential role in suppressing political opposition and enabling persecution of dissidents. Surfacing of evidence for such a past activity typically inflicts severe damage to the reputation of the person concerned. It should not be confused with decommunization, which is the process of barring former communist regular officials from public offices as well as eliminating communist symbols. The principle of non-retroactivity means that a past role of a confidential collaborator (informant) is alone as such inadmissible from the beginning for criminal prosecution or conviction, thus, lustration allows at least to bring such pas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Security Information Service
The Security Information Service (BIS, ) is the primary domestic national intelligence agency of the Czech Republic. It is responsible for collecting, analyzing, reporting and disseminating intelligence on threats to Czech Republic's national security, and conducting operations, covert and overt, both domestically and abroad. It also reports to and advises the Government of the Czech Republic on national security issues and situations that threaten the security of the nation. The BIS headquarters is located in Stodůlky, Prague 5. The Security Information Service reports directly to the Government, Prime Minister and President of the Czech Republic and is overseen by the Permanent Commission of the Chamber of Deputies. It is under the command of the Government and organized militarily. Command, control and organization The BIS is a statutory body under the ''Act No. 154/1994 Coll., on the Security Information Service'' and it is strictly apolitical and has limited police power ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Martin Šmíd
Martin Šmíd was a fictitious Czechoslovak university student who was supposedly killed in the police attack on 17 November 1989 student demonstration in Prague that launched Czechoslovakia's Velvet Revolution.Dan Bilefsky"Velvet Revolution’s Roots Obscure 20 Years Later,"''New York Times,'' 17 November 2009. The rumour of Šmíd's death was spread by Drahomíra Dražská, a porter at a student dormitory in the city's Troja district. The dissident Charter 77 activist Petr Uhl believed her story and passed it along to Radio Free Europe, the BBC and Voice of America, who broadcast it.Sebestyen (2010), ''Revolution 1989: The Fall of the Soviet Empire'', p. 370-371 The news of a student's death shocked many, and the rumour is thought to have contributed to the fall of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic. The Martin Šmíd in question was allegedly a student of the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics at Charles University. Two students with that name attended the school at the time, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
