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Stanisław Koziej
Stanisław Marian Koziej (born 1943, Glinnik, Poland) is a Polish brigadier general, military science professor, and public official who served as the Head of the National Security Bureau from 2010 to 2015. Biography Koziej was educated at the Institut des hautes études de défense nationale and at the NATO Defense College. He holds a doctorate and a habilitation. Since 1990 Koziej is a professor of military science. He is a longtime research fellow of the Academy of the General Staff and then the National Defence University. He has been the Dean of the faculty. He has also been a full professor at the Department of Strategic and Defence Studies at National Defence University and the Director of the National Security Institute at the College of Personnel Management in Warsaw. From April 1993 to January 1994 he was the Director of the Department of Defence Systems at the National Security Bureau. On 11 November 1993 President Lech Wałęsa promoted him to brigadier general. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glinnik, Lubartów County
Glinnik is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Abramów, within Lubartów County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately west of Abramów, west of Lubartów, and north-west of the regional capital Lublin. In 2005 the village had a population of 459. Notable people *Stanisław Koziej Stanisław Marian Koziej (born 1943, Glinnik, Poland) is a Polish brigadier general, military science professor, and public official who served as the Head of the National Security Bureau from 2010 to 2015. Biography Koziej was educated at the ... (born 1943), Polish brigadier general. References Villages in Lubartów County {{Lubartów-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NATO
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO ; , OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental organization, intergovernmental Transnationalism, transnational military alliance of 32 Member states of NATO, member states—30 European and 2 North American. Established in the aftermath of World War II, the organization implements the North Atlantic Treaty, signed in Washington, D.C., on 4 April 1949. NATO is a collective security system: its independent member states agree to defend each other against attacks by third parties. During the Cold War, NATO operated as a check on the threat posed by the Soviet Union. The alliance remained in place after the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the Warsaw Pact, and has been involved in military operations in the Balkans, the Middle East, South Asia, and Africa. The organization's motto is . The organization's strategic concepts include Deterrence theory, deterrence. NATO headquarters, NATO's main headquarter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Order Of The Cross Of Terra Mariana
The Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (, also the Order of the Cross of St. Mary's Land) was instituted by the President of Estonia, Lennart Meri, on 16 May 1995 to honour the independence of the Estonian state. (The Latin name ''Terra Mariana'', meaning the "Land of Mary" was the official name for Medieval Livonia and designated the area which includes what is now Latvia and southern Estonia in medieval times.) The Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana is bestowed upon the President of the Republic. Presidents of the Republic who have ceased to hold office keep the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana. The Collar of the Order was used ''de facto'' as the badge of office of the President of the Republic, since Soviet authorities took the original presidential collar, that of the Order of the National Coat of Arms, out of Estonia after the Soviet occupation of Estonia in 1940; it remains in the Kremlin in Moscow. A new collar of that order was made in 2008. The Order of the Cross o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Legion Of Honour
The National Order of the Legion of Honour ( ), formerly the Imperial Order of the Legion of Honour (), is the highest and most prestigious French national order of merit, both military and Civil society, civil. Currently consisting of five classes, it was originally established in 1802 by Napoleon, Napoleon Bonaparte, and it has been retained (with occasional slight alterations) by all later French governments and regimes. The order's motto is ' ("Honour and Fatherland"); its Seat (legal entity), seat is the Palais de la Légion d'Honneur next to the Musée d'Orsay, on the left bank of the Seine in Paris. Since 1 February 2023, the Order's grand chancellor has been retired General François Lecointre, who succeeded fellow retired General Benoît Puga in office. The order is divided into five degrees of increasing distinction: ' (Knight), ' (Officer), ' (Commander (order), Commander), ' (Grand Officer) and ' (Grand Cross). History Consulate During the French Revolution, all ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Order Of Viesturs
The Order of Viesturs () is a Latvian state order (honour), order founded in 1938, which was temporarily discontinued in 1940 by the Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940, Soviet occupation of Latvia, but was re-established in 2004. The order is named after the medieval historical figure King Viestards, Viesturs of ancient Semigallia. Currently it is the highest military-related award still awarded by Latvia. Classes of the Order The order is awarded in the following classes: *Grand Cross: Cross is worn suspended from a sash worn over the shoulder with a breast star. *Grand Officer: Cross is worn suspended from the neck with a breast star *Commander: Cross is worn suspended from the neck *Officer: Cross is worn suspended from a ribbon with rosette worn on the chest *Knight: Cross is worn suspended from a ribbon worn on the chest. The order also has three medals that may be awarded in the civil or military divisions: *Gold Medal *Silver Medal *Bronze Medal ReferencesThe State Deco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal Norwegian Order Of Merit
The Royal Norwegian Order of Merit (Norwegian: ''Den Kongelige Norske Fortjenstorden'' (Bokmål) or ''Den Kongelege Norske Fortenesteordenen'' (Nynorsk)) was instituted by King Olav V in 1985. It is awarded to foreigners, Norwegian citizens living abroad, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Norway), Ministry of Foreign Affairs diplomats, foreign civil servants in Norway, and Norway's honorary consuls for "outstanding service in the interests of Norway". Its counterpart, the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav, is generally only awarded to Norwegian citizens living in Norway. Structure and insignia The reigning monarch, King Harald V, is the Grand Master of the Order. The order has five grades: Grand Cross, Commander (which is further subdivided into Commander with Star and Commander), and Knight (which is further subdivided into Knight 1st Class and Knight).According to Norwegian denomination The Order is characterized by a ribbon of deep blue moiré. The Grand Cross is worn on a broad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Order Of Polonia Restituta
The Order of Polonia Restituta (, ) is a Polish state decoration, state Order (decoration), order established 4 February 1921. It is conferred on both military and civilians as well as on alien (law), foreigners for outstanding achievements in the fields of education, science, sport, culture, art, economics, national security, national defense, social work, civil service, or for furthering good relations between countries. It is Poland's second-highest civilian state award in the order of precedence, behind the Order of the White Eagle (Poland), Order of the White Eagle. The Order of Polonia Restituta is sometimes regarded as Poland's successor to the ''Order of the Knights of Saint Stanislaus, Bishop and Martyr'', known as the Order of Saint Stanislaus, established in 1765 by Stanisław August Poniatowski, the last King of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, to honor supporters of the Polish crown. History When Poland regained its independence from the German Empire, Aust ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Security
''International Security'' is a peer-reviewed academic journal in the field of international and national security. It was founded in 1976 and is edited by the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard University and published four times a year by MIT Press, both of Cambridge, Massachusetts Cambridge ( ) is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. It is a suburb in the Greater Boston metropolitan area, located directly across the Charles River from Boston. The city's population as of the 2020 United States census, .... The current editor-in-chief is Steven E. Miller (Harvard). ''International Security'' is among the leading journals in the field of international relations. According to '' Journal Citation Reports'', it has a 2017 impact factor of 4.135, ranking it 2nd out of 85 journals in the category "International Relations". Along with '' Security Studies'', it is among the most prominent journals dedicated to security studies. Ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lazarski University
Skiing is the use of skis to glide on snow for basic transport, a recreational activity, or a competitive winter sport. Many types of competitive skiing events are recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC), and the International Ski and Snowboard Federation (FIS). History Skiing has a history of almost five millennia. Although modern skiing has evolved from beginnings in Scandinavia, it may have been practiced more than 100 centuries ago in the Altai Mountains, according to an interpretation of ancient paintings. However, this continues to be debated. The word "ski" comes from the Old Norse word "skíð" which means to "split piece of wood or firewood". Asymmetrical skis were used in northern Finland and Sweden until at least the late 19th century. On one foot, the skier wore a long straight non-arching ski for sliding, and a shorter ski was worn on the other foot for kicking. The underside of the short ski was either plain or covered with animal skin to aid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chancellery Of The President Of The Republic Of Poland
The Chancellery of the President of the Republic of Poland (, KPRP) is an institution that assists the President of Poland with fulfilling his tasks as head of state. The Chancellery is headed by its chief, currently being Małgorzata Paprocka. Chiefs of the Chancellery # Michał Janiszewski (September 1989 – December 21, 1990) – under President Wojciech Jaruzelski # Jarosław Kaczyński (December 22, 1990 – October 31, 1991) – Lech Wałęsa # Janusz Ziółkowski (November 1, 1991 – May 11, 1995) – Lech Wałęsa # Tomasz Kwiatkowski (May 11, 1995 – August 12, 1995) – Lech Wałęsa # Stanisław Iwanicki (August 21, 1995 – December 22, 1995) – Lech Wałęsa # Danuta Waniek (December 23, 1995 – December 2, 1997) – Aleksander Kwaśniewski # Danuta Hübner (December 2, 1997 – November 13, 1998) – Aleksander Kwaśniewski # Ryszard Kalisz (November 13, 1998 – June 13, 2000) – Aleksander Kwaśniewski # Jolanta Szymanek-Deresz (June 13, 2000 – Octobe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bronisław Komorowski
Bronisław Maria Komorowski (; born 4 June 1952) is a Polish politician and historian who was the fifth president of Poland from 2010 to 2015. Komorowski previously served as Ministry of National Defence (Poland), Minister of National Defence from 2000 to 2001. As Marshal of the Sejm, Komorowski exercised the powers and duties of Acting President of Poland, acting president following the death of President Lech Kaczyński in a Smolensk air disaster, plane crash on 10 April 2010. Komorowski was then the governing Civic Platform party's candidate in the resulting 2010 Polish presidential election, presidential election, which he won in the second round of voting on 4 July 2010. He was sworn in as president on 6 August 2010. Komorowski thus became the second person to serve on two occasions as Polish head of state since 1918, after Maciej Rataj. On 24 May 2015, Komorowski was defeated in the second round by Andrzej Duda in the 2015 Polish presidential election, 2015 presidential ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
