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Spamhaus
The Spamhaus Project is an international organisation based in the Principality of Andorra, founded in 1998 by Steve Linford to track email spammers and spam-related activity. The name ''spamhaus'', a pseudo-German expression, was coined by Linford to refer to an internet service provider, or other firm, which spams or knowingly provides service to spammers. Anti-spam lists The Spamhaus Project is responsible for compiling several widely used anti-spam lists. Many internet service providers and email servers use the lists to reduce the amount of spam that reaches their users. In 2006, the Spamhaus services protected 650 million email users, including the European Parliament, US Army, the White House and Microsoft, from billions of spam emails a day. Spamhaus distributes the lists in the form of DNS-based blocklists (DNSBLs). The lists are offered as a free public service to low-volume mail server operators on the internet. Commercial spam filtering services and other sites per ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Steve Linford
Stephen John "Steve" Linford (born 12 December 1956) is a British entrepreneur and Spam (electronic), anti-spam campaigner best known for founding The Spamhaus Project. Linford was born in London, England, in 1956. His family moved to Rome, Italy, where Steve attended St. George's British International School. After leaving college to pursue a music career, Linford made his living writing music and playing with Italian, German and English rock groups.Brian McWilliams (2004). ''Spam Kings'', pp 76–77. O'Reilly Media. For a number of years he was under contract to Italy's 'GM' record label and worked on film music with composer Ennio Morricone In the early 1980s he became involved in concert production. When artists including Pink Floyd and Michael Jackson toured Italy, Linford served as their Production Manager. As computers began to be used in the music industry, Linford developed an interest in computer technology. In 1986 he moved to England, where he set up a software comp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DNSBL
A Domain Name System blocklist, Domain Name System-based blackhole list, Domain Name System blacklist (DNSBL) or real-time blackhole list (RBL) is a service for operation of mail servers to perform a check via a Domain Name System (DNS) query whether a sending host's IP address is blacklisted for email spam. Most mail server software can be configured to check such lists, typically rejecting or flagging messages from such sites. A DNSBL is a software mechanism, rather than a specific list or policy. Dozens of DNSBLs exist. They use a wide array of criteria for listing and delisting addresses. These may include listing the addresses of zombie computers or other machines being used to send spam, Internet service providers (ISPs) who willingly host spammers, or those which have sent spam to a honeypot system. Since the creation of the first DNSBL in 1998, the operation and policies of these lists have frequently been controversial, both in Internet advocacy circles and occasion ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Email Spam
Email spam, also referred to as junk email, spam mail, or simply spam, refers to unsolicited messages sent in bulk via email. The term originates from a Spam (Monty Python), Monty Python sketch, where the name of a canned meat product, "Spam (food), Spam," is used repetitively, mirroring the intrusive nature of unwanted emails. Since the early 1990s, spam has grown significantly, with estimates suggesting that by 2014, it comprised around 90% of all global email traffic. Spam is primarily a financial burden for the recipient, who may be required to manage, filter, or delete these unwanted messages. Since the expense of spam is mostly borne by the recipient, it is effectively a form of "postage due" advertising, where the recipient bears the cost of unsolicited messages. This cost imposed on recipients, without compensation from the sender, makes spam an example of a "negative externality" (a side effect of an activity that affects others who are not involved in the decision). The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spam (electronic)
Spamming is the use of messaging systems to send multiple unsolicited messages (spam) to large numbers of recipients for the purpose of commercial advertising, non-commercial proselytizing, or any prohibited purpose (especially phishing), or simply repeatedly sending the same message to the same user. While the most widely recognized form of spam is email spam, the term is applied to similar abuses in other media: messaging spam, instant messaging spam, Newsgroup spam, Usenet newsgroup spam, spamdexing, Web search engine spam, spam in blogs, wiki spam, classified advertising, online classified ads spam, mobile phone spam, mobile phone messaging spam, Forum spam, Internet forum spam, junk fax, junk fax transmissions, social spam, spam mobile apps, television advertising and file sharing spam. It is named after Spam (food), Spam, a luncheon meat, by way of a Spam (Monty Python sketch), Monty Python sketch about a restaurant that has Spam in almost every dish in which Vikings annoyi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Petros Kocoras
Charles Petros Kocoras (born March 12, 1938) is a senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois. Education and career Born to Greek immigrants in Chicago, Illinois, Kocoras grew up speaking Greek in his home. He received a Bachelor of Science degree from DePaul University in 1961 and a Juris Doctor from DePaul University College of Law in 1969. He served in the Illinois Army National Guard from 1961 to 1967 and became a sergeant. He was in private practice in Chicago from 1969 to 1971, and from 1979 to 1980. He was the First Assistant United States Attorney of the Northern District of Illinois from 1971 to 1977. He has served as an adjunct professor of the John Marshall Law School since 1975. He was Chairman of the Illinois Commerce Commission from 1977 to 1979. Federal judicial service On June 2, 1980, Kocoras was nominated by President Jimmy Carter to a seat on the United States District Court for the Northern Di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Composite Blocking List
In computer networking, the Composite Blocking List (CBL) is a DNS-based Blackhole List of suspected E-mail spam sending computer infections. Overview The CBL takes its source data from very large spamtraps/mail infrastructures, and only lists IPs exhibiting characteristics such as: * Open proxies of various sorts (HTTP, socks, AnalogX, wingate etc.) * Worms/viruses/ botnets that do their own direct mail transmission, or are otherwise participating in a botnet. * Trojan horse In Greek mythology, the Trojan Horse () was a wooden horse said to have been used by the Greeks during the Trojan War to enter the city of Troy and win the war. The Trojan Horse is not mentioned in Homer, Homer's ''Iliad'', with the poem ending ... or "stealth" spamware. The CBL attempts to avoid listing real mail servers, but certain misconfigurations of mail servers can make the system appear infected (for example, servers that send HELO with 'localhost' or a similar incorrect domain.) Entries autom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Company Limited By Guarantee
A company limited by guarantee (CLG) is a type of company where the liability of members in the event the company is wound up is limited to a (typically very small) amount listed in the company's articles or constitution. Most have no share capital, although rare exceptions exist. The form originated in the United Kingdom, and now exists under the company law of the Australia, Bermuda, Gibraltar, Hong Kong, Gambia, and Ireland, and in the Canadian provinces of Alberta and Nova Scotia. It previously existed in New Zealand. It is used primarily but not exclusively by non-profit organisations (including charities) that require legal personality. Other uses include mutual insurance companies and quasi-governmental bodies. Characteristics In the UK, a company limited by guarantee can distribute its profits to its members, if allowed by its articles of association. However, in Australia this is not allowed. In many countries, a company limited by guarantee must include the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Law Enforcement
Law enforcement is the activity of some members of the government or other social institutions who act in an organized manner to enforce the law by investigating, deterring, rehabilitating, or punishing people who violate the rules and norms governing that society. The term encompasses police, courts and corrections. These three components of the criminal justice system may operate independently of each other or collectively through the use of record sharing and cooperation. Throughout the world, law enforcement are also associated with protecting the public, life, property, and keeping the peace in society. The concept of law enforcement dates back to ancient times, and forms of law enforcement and police have existed in various forms across many human societies. Modern state legal codes use the term law enforcement officer or peace officer to include every person vested by the legislating state with police power or authority; traditionally, anyone sworn or badged who can arrest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Internet Service Providers Association (United Kingdom)
The Internet Service Providers Association (ISPA) is a British body representing providers of Internet services. History ISPA was established in 1995 as the first trade association for ISPs, promoting competition, self-regulation and progress within the Internet industry. Members are signatories to the ISPA Code of "good practice" binding ISPs to a common industry standard. It was founded by and is now run under the Managing Director and Secretary General Nicholas Lansman. Activities As a trade association, membership is voluntary but the companies who choose to become members agree to abide by the ISPA United Kingdom Code. ISPA members' allegiance to the Code means that consumers can view the ISPA UK logo as a mark of commitment to good business practice. ISPA's main activity is in making representations on behalf of the industry to Government bodies, such as the Home Office, the Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform (former DTI) and Ofcom. Government and pol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Virus Bulletin
Virus Bulletin is a magazine about the prevention, detection and removal of malware and spam. It regularly features analyses of the latest virus threats, articles exploring new developments in the fight against viruses, interviews with anti-virus experts, and evaluations of current anti-malware products. History and profile ''Virus Bulletin'' was founded in 1989` as a monthly hardcopy magazine, and later distributed electronically in PDF format. The monthly publication format was discontinued in July 2014 and articles are now made available as standalone pieces on the website. The magazine was originally located in the Sophos headquarters in Abingdon, Oxfordshire in the UK. It was co-founded and is owned by Jan Hruska and Peter Lammer, the co-founders of Sophos. ''Virus Bulletin'' claims to have full editorial independence and not favour Sophos products in its tests and reviews. Technical experts from anti-virus vendors have written articles for the magazine, which also conducts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Owner-operator
An owner-operator is a small business or microbusiness owner who also runs the day-to-day operations of the company. Owner-operators are found in many business models and franchising companies in many different industries like restaurant chains, health care, logistics, maintenance, repair, and operations. Trucking In the United States and Canada, the term typically refers to independent contractors who hire out and drive their own semi-trailer trucks. In trucking, an owner-operator is a self-employed commercial truck driver or a small business that operates trucks for transporting goods over highways for its customers. Most owner-operators become drivers for trucking companies first to gain experience and determine whether the career is for them. The Motor Carrier Act of 1980 deregulated the industry and made it easier for manufacturers to set their own prices on shipping goods, and also allowed owner-operators to be more successful by taking some of the control out of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Federal District Court
The United States district courts are the trial courts of the U.S. federal judiciary. There is one district court for each federal judicial district. Each district covers one U.S. state or a portion of a state. There is at least one federal courthouse in each district, and many districts have more than one. District court decisions are appealed to the U.S. court of appeals for the circuit in which they reside, except for certain specialized cases that are appealed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit or directly to the U.S. Supreme Court. District courts are courts of law, equity, and admiralty, and can hear both civil and criminal cases. But unlike U.S. state courts, federal district courts are courts of limited jurisdiction, and can only hear cases that involve disputes between residents of different states, questions of federal law, or federal crimes. Legal basis Unlike the U.S. Supreme Court, which was expressly established by Article III of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
