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Soviet Industrial Espionage Of Concorde
Soviet industrial espionage of the Concorde programme is alleged to have been carried out from 1959 to 1976. Not all allegations have been verified, but documents from Sud Aviation and BAC development did reach Soviet hands. Background Although the Tu-144 does show great similarities with Concorde, and was designed and developed concurrently, it was not a direct copy, as has often been alleged. But, due to harsh self-imposed constraints of time, there were attempts by Soviet insiders to gain access to technological secrets of the development of Concorde. These constraints of time on the Tu-144 development would lead to a disaster. Its development was incomplete, and it had limited passenger service for a few months in early 1978. Dr. Calder Walton, Assistant Director of the Belfer Center's Intelligence Project at Harvard University, has found that archives from Vasili Mitrokhin, a defected KGB archivist, indicate that Ivor James Gregory, an engineer at British European Airways, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sud Aviation
Sud Aviation (, 'Southern Aviation') was a French state-owned aircraft manufacturer, originating in the merger of Sud-Est ( SNCASE, or ''Société nationale des constructions aéronautiques du sud-est'') and Sud-Ouest ( SNCASO or ''Société nationale des constructions aéronautiques du sud-ouest'') on 1 March 1957. Both companies had been formed from smaller privately owned corporations that had been nationalized into six regional design and manufacturing pools just prior to the Second World War. The company became a major manufacturer of helicopters, designing and producing several types which went on to be built in large numbers, including the Alouette II (the first production helicopter powered by a gas turbine engine; first flight in 1955), the Puma (1965) and Gazelle (1967). In 1967, an agreement between France and the United Kingdom arranged for joint production and procurement of the Puma and Gazelle, together with the British-manufactured Westland Lynx. Sud Aviation al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Adley
Robert James Adley (2 March 1935 – 13 May 1993) was a Conservative Party politician in the United Kingdom and a railway enthusiast. Early life and family Robert James Adley born on 2 March 1935, the son of Harry Adley, a company director. He was educated at Falconbury School and Uppingham School, before becoming the Director of Sales at the May Fair Hotel (1960–64). In 1961, he married Jane Elizabeth Pople, daughter of Wilfred Pople of Somerset. Later, he was the Marketing Director at Holiday Inns of Canada.Stenton and Lees ''Who's Who of British Members of Parliament'' vol. iv p. 2 Adley was born Jewish but converted to Anglicanism, and was married with two children. Political career He was a councillor on Slough Borough Council from 1965 and first stood for Parliament in 1966 for Birkenhead, failing to win the strongly Labour seat. He became Member of Parliament for Bristol North East after winning the seat by 462 votes in the 1970 election. However, significant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patrick Duffy (British Politician)
Sir Albert Edward Patrick Duffy KCSG (born 17 June 1920) is a British economist and Labour Party politician. He was the member of parliament for Colne Valley from 1963 to 1966, and for Sheffield Attercliffe from 1970 to 1992. Duffy was also a Minister of the Navy in the 1970s, and president of the NATO Assembly in the 1980s. Following the death of Ronald Atkins on 30 December 2020, Duffy became Britain's oldest surviving former MP. On 4 January 2025, he overtook Atkins' lifespan and is the longest-lived MP in British history. Early life and career Duffy was born in Wigan, Lancashire on 17 June 1920, to Irish Catholic immigrant parents James and Margaret Duffy, who were both from the village of Raith, near Aghamore in County Mayo. James and his father, who was also named Patrick, moved to England as migrant agricultural workers in the late 19th and early 20th century. James worked as a miner in Wigan's Maypole pit, before moving with his family to the mining village of Rossi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Korean War
The Korean War (25 June 1950 – 27 July 1953) was an armed conflict on the Korean Peninsula fought between North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea; DPRK) and South Korea (Republic of Korea; ROK) and their allies. North Korea was supported by China and the Soviet Union, while South Korea was supported by the United Nations Command (UNC) led by the United States. The conflict was one of the first major proxy wars of the Cold War. Fighting ended in 1953 with an armistice but no peace treaty, leading to the ongoing Korean conflict. After the end of World War II in 1945, Korea, which had been a Korea under Japanese rule, Japanese colony for 35 years, was Division of Korea, divided by the Soviet Union and the United States into two occupation zones at the 38th parallel north, 38th parallel, with plans for a future independent state. Due to political disagreements and influence from their backers, the zones formed their governments in 1948. North Korea was led by Kim Il S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15
The Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15 (; USAF/DoD designation: Type 14; NATO reporting name: Fagot) is a jet fighter aircraft developed by Mikoyan-Gurevich for the Soviet Union. The MiG-15 was one of the first successful jet fighters to incorporate swept wings to achieve high transonic speeds. In aerial combat during the Korean War, it outclassed straight-winged jet day fighters, which were largely relegated to ground-attack roles. In response to the MiG-15's appearance and in order to counter it, the United States Air Force rushed the North American F-86 Sabre to Korea.Thompson, Warren. ''Flight Journal'', December 2002. Retrieved: 30 June 2011. When refined into the more advanced MiG-17, the basic design would again surprise the West when it proved effective against supersonic fighters such as the Republic F-105 Thunderchief and McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II in the Vietnam War of the 1960s. The MiG-15 is believed to have been one of the most produced jet aircraft with mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Klimov VK-1
The Klimov VK-1 was the first Soviet jet engine to see significant production. It was developed by and first produced by the GAZ 116 works. Derived from the Rolls-Royce Nene, the engine was also built under licence in China as the Wopen WP-5. Design and development Immediately after World War II, the Soviet Union manufactured copies of first generation German Junkers 004 and BMW 003 engines, which were advanced designs with poor durability, limited by Germany's shortage of rare metals in wartime. However, in 1946, before the Cold War had really begun, the new British Labour government under the prime minister, Clement Attlee, keen to improve diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union, authorised Rolls-Royce to export 40 Rolls-Royce Nene centrifugal flow turbojet engines. In 1958 it was discovered during a visit to Beijing by Whitney Straight, then deputy chairman of Rolls-Royce, that this engine had been copied without license to power the MiG-15 'Fagot', first as the RD-4 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rolls-Royce Nene
The Rolls-Royce RB.41 Nene is a 1940s British centrifugal compressor turbojet engine. The Nene was a complete redesign, rather than a scaled-up Rolls-Royce Derwent,"Rolls-Royce Aero Engines" Bill Gunston, Patrick Stephens Limited 1989, , p.111 with a design target of , making it the most powerful engine of its era. First run in 1944, it was Rolls-Royce Limited, Rolls-Royce's third jet engine to enter production, and first ran less than 6 months from the start of design. It was named after the River Nene in keeping with the company's tradition of naming its jet engines after rivers. The design saw relatively little use in British aircraft designs, being passed over in favour of the Axial flow, axial-flow Rolls-Royce Avon, Avon that followed it. Its only widespread use in the UK was in the Hawker Sea Hawk and the Supermarine Attacker. In the US it was built under licence as the Pratt & Whitney J42, and it powered the Grumman F9F Panther. Its most widespread use was in the form of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fred Mulley
Frederick William Mulley, Baron Mulley, PC (3 July 1918 – 15 March 1995) was a British Labour Party politician, barrister-at-law and economist. Early life Mulley was born in Leamington Spa, Warwickshire, the son of William Mulley, a general labourer from The Fens, and his wife Mary (née Boiles), a domestic servant. He attended Warwick School on a scholarship between 1929 and 1936, leaving with the higher school certificate. As his father, who by this time was unemployed, could not afford to support him through university, Mulley instead became an accounts clerk under the national health insurance scheme. Dell, Edmund"Mulley, Frederick William, Baron Mulley (1918–1995)" ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'', Oxford University Press, 2004; online edition, October 2008. Retrieved 7 January 2024. He served in the Worcestershire Regiment during the Second World War, reaching the rank of sergeant, but was captured in 1940 and spent five years as a prisoner of war in Ger ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kuznetsov NK-144
The Kuznetsov NK-144 is an afterburning turbofan engine made by the Soviet Kuznetsov Design Bureau. Used on the early models of the Tupolev Tu-144 supersonic aircraft, it was very inefficient and was replaced with the Kolesov RD-36-51 The Kolesov RD-36 was a supersonic turbojet engine used on various Soviet aircraft projects. Design and development Developed at OKB-36 (P. A. Kolesov) and produced at the Rybinsk Motor-Building Plant, the RD-36-51A engine was developed fo ... turbojet engine. Specifications References External links NK-144on LeteckeMotory.cz (Czech) {{aeroengine-specs NK-144 Low-bypass turbofan engines 1960s turbofan engines ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Winston Churchill (1940–2010)
Winston Spencer Churchill (10 October 1940 – 2 March 2010), generally known as Winston Churchill, was an English Conservative politician and a grandson of British prime minister Winston Churchill. During the period of his prominence as a public figure, he was normally referred to as Winston Churchill , in order to distinguish him from his grandfather. His father Randolph Churchill was also an MP and his mother Pamela Harriman was the United States Ambassador to France. Early life Churchill was born on 10 October 1940 at Chequers, Buckinghamshire, England, five months after his grandfather became Prime Minister, a year into the Second World War. He was educated at Ludgrove, Eton College and at Christ Church, Oxford. His famous grandfather died in 1965, and his father died three years afterwards. Career as a journalist Before becoming a Member of Parliament he was a journalist, notably in the Middle East during the Six-Day War, during which time he met numerous Israeli po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Hay, 15th Earl Of Kinnoull
Arthur William George Patrick Hay, 15th Earl of Kinnoull (26 May 1935 – 7 June 2013), styled Viscount Dupplin until 1938, was a Scottish hereditary peer, surveyor, farmer, and member of the House of Lords. His titles were Earl of Kinnoull, Viscount Dupplin and Lord Hay of Kinfauns in the Peerage of Scotland; and Baron Hay of Pedwardine in the Peerage of Great Britain. Biography Known as William, the 15th Earl was born in 1935, the third born but first surviving son of the 14th Earl and his second wife, Mary Ethel Isobel Meyrick, daughter of Dr. Ferdinand Richard Holmes Meyrick and Kate Meyrick. At age 3, he succeeded his father in the earldom upon the latter's death at aged 35, of an unspecified illness. He was educated at Eton College and Royal Agricultural University in Cirencester. At age 22, he took his place in the House of Lords. He was the junior conservative whip in the House of Lords in 1966–1968 and opposition party spokesman on aviation. He was also an as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
