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South Halmahera–West New Guinea Languages
The South Halmahera–West New Guinea (SHWNG) languages are a branch of the Malayo-Polynesian languages, found in the islands and along the shores of the Halmahera Sea in the Indonesian province of North Maluku and of Cenderawasih Bay in the provinces of Papua and West Papua. There are 38 languages. The unity of the South Halmahera–West New Guinea subgroup is well supported by lexical and phonological evidence. Blust (1978) has proposed that they are most closely related to the Oceanic languages, but this classification is not universally accepted. Most of the languages are only known from short word lists, but Buli, Patani and Taba on Halmahera, Ambel on Raja Ampat, and Biak, Wamesa, Wooi, and Waropen in Cenderawasih Bay, are fairly well attested. Classification Traditionally, the languages are classified into two geographic groups: * South Halmahera languages (along the southeastern coast of Halmahera, plus one language in the east of the Bomberai Peninsula). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
North Maluku
North Maluku (; ) is a province of Indonesia. It covers the northern part of the Maluku Islands, bordering the Pacific Ocean to the north, the Halmahera Sea to the east, the Molucca Sea to the west, and the Seram Sea to the south. It shares maritime borders with North Sulawesi, Southeast Sulawesi and Central Sulawesi to the west, Maluku (province) to the south, Southwest Papua to the east, and Palau and the Philippines to the north. The provincial capital is Sofifi, mostly part of the city of Tidore, Tidore Islands on the largest island of Halmahera, while the largest city is the island city of Ternate. The population of North Maluku was 1,038,087 in the 2010 census,Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011. making it one of the least-populous provinces in Indonesia, but by the 2020 Census the population had risen to 1,282,937,Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021. and the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 1,355,620 (comprising 694,630 males and 660,990 females).Badan Pusat Statistik, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oceanic Languages
The approximately 450 Oceanic languages are a branch of the Austronesian languages. The area occupied by speakers of these languages includes Polynesia, as well as much of Melanesia and Micronesia. Though covering a vast area, Oceanic languages are spoken by only two million people. The largest individual Oceanic languages are Eastern Fijian with over 600,000 speakers, and Samoan with an estimated 400,000 speakers. The Gilbertese (Kiribati), Tongan, Tahitian, Māori and Tolai (Gazelle Peninsula) languages each have over 100,000 speakers. The common ancestor which is reconstructed for this group of languages is called Proto-Oceanic (abbr. "POc"). Classification The Oceanic languages were first shown to be a language family by Sidney Herbert Ray in 1896 and, besides Malayo-Polynesian, they are the only established large branch of Austronesian languages. Grammatically, they have been strongly influenced by the Papuan languages of northern New Guinea, but they retain a rema ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Irarutu Language
Irarutu, Irahutu, or Kasira is an Austronesian language of most of the interior of the Bomberai Peninsula of north-western New Guinea in Teluk Bintuni Regency. The name ''Irarutu'' comes from the language itself, where conjoins with to create 'their voice'. When put together with , which on its own means 'true', the meaning of the name becomes 'Their true voice' or 'The people's true language'. Kuri is very close lexically, but has not been formally classified. Other than this, Irarutu is quite divergent compared to the South Halmahera–West New Guinea languages, and may not be part of it. Previously, Irarutu was considered to belong to the South Halmahera subgroup of Austronesian languages, but more recently, Grimes and Edwards place Irarutu within the Kei-Tanimbar languages.Charles Grimes & Owen Edwards (in process) ''Wallacean subgroups: unravelling the prehistory and classification of the Austronesian languages of eastern Indonesia and Timor-LesteSummary presentation at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kei–Tanimbar Languages
The Kei–Tanimbar languages are a small group of Austronesian languages spoken on the Kei and Tanimbar islands in the southern Maluku Islands, and on the north side of the Bomberai Peninsula. The languages include: *Kei–Tanimbar **Kei–Fordata *** Kei *** Fordata **Yamdena–North Bomberai ***Yamdena ***North Bomberai **** Onin **** Sekar **** Uruangnirin Grimes & Edwards add the following languages, previously ''incertae sedis'', and rename the family ''Tanimbar–Bomberai'':Charles Grimes & Owen Edwards (in process) ''Wallacean subgroups: unravelling the prehistory and classification of the Austronesian languages of eastern Indonesia and Timor-LesteSummary presentation at the 15th International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics * Teor-Kur *Irarutu–Nabi: Irarutu Irarutu, Irahutu, or Kasira is an Austronesian language of most of the interior of the Bomberai Peninsula of north-western New Guinea in Teluk Bintuni Regency. The name ''Irarutu'' comes from the langu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raja Ampat Islands
Raja Ampat (), or the Four Kings, is an archipelago located off of the northwest tip of Bird's Head Peninsula (on the island of New Guinea), Southwest Papua , Southwest Papua province, Indonesia. It comprises over 1,500 small islands, cays, and shoals around the four main islands of Misool, Salawati, Batanta, and Waigeo, and the smaller island of Kofiau. The Raja Ampat archipelago straddles the equator and forms part of Coral Triangle, the Coral Triangle, an area of Southeast Asian seas containing the richest marine biodiversity on earth. The Coral Triangle itself is an approximate area west-southwest of the Philippines, east-northeast and southeast of the island of Borneo, and north, east and west of the island of New Guinea, including the seas in between. Thousands of species of marine organisms, from the tiniest cleaner shrimp and camouflaged pygmy seahorses to the majestic cetaceans and whale sharks, thrive in these waters. Administratively, the archipelago is part of the prov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bomberai Peninsula
Bomberai Peninsula () is located in the Western New Guinea region. It is south of the Bird's Head Peninsula, and Bintuni Bay separates the two peninsulas. To the west lies the Sebakor Bay and to the south Kamrau Bay. On the southeast Arguni Bay lies between the peninsula and the Bird's Neck Isthmus. Sabuda island lies off the western tip of the peninsula, and is separated from the mainland by Berau and Bintuni straits. Geography The entire peninsula is covered by a dense tropical rainforest. Most of the peninsula consists of a marshy plain, covered in lowland rainforest. There are smaller areas of montane rainforest in the Fakfak and Kumawa mountains along the peninsula's western edge. Together with the eastern region of Bird's Head Peninsula and offshore islands, the Bomberai Peninsula forms the Indonesian province of West Papua (). The western part of the peninsula is part of Fakfak Regency, the north belongs to Teluk Bintuni Regency and the southeast to Kaiman ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Halmahera
Halmahera, formerly known as Jilolo, Gilolo, or Jailolo, is the largest island in the Maluku Islands. It is part of the North Maluku Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia, and Sofifi, the capital of the province, is located on the west coast of the island. Halmahera has a land area of . It is the largest island of Indonesia outside the five main islands. It had a population of 162,728 in 1995; by 2010, it had increased to 449,938 for the island itself (excluding the tip which is considered part of the Joronga Islands, but including Gebe and Ju islands) and 667,161 for the island group (including all of South Halmahera and Tidore, but not Ternate). Approximately half of the island's inhabitants are Islam in Indonesia, Muslim and half are Christianity in Indonesia, Christian. History Sparsely-populated Halmahera's fortunes have long been closely tied to those of the smaller islands of Ternate and Tidore, both off its west coast. This island was the site of Sultanate of Jai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South Halmahera Languages
The South Halmahera languages are the branch of Austronesian languages found along the southeast coast of the island of Halmahera in the Indonesian province of North Maluku. Most of the languages are only known from short word lists, but Taba and Buli are fairly well attested. They are not related to the North Halmahera languages, which are notable for being non-Austronesian. However, Ternatan influence is considerable, a legacy of the historical dominance of the Ternate Sultanate. Historical morphology Reconstructions of subject markers and inalienable possessive markers for Raja Ampat–South Halmahera proto-languages according to Kamholz (2015). Note that V = vocalic conjugation, C = consonantal conjugation: Proto-South Halmahera: : : Proto-Central-Eastern South Halmahera: : : Proto-Southern South Halmahera: : Most Gane and Taba dialects descending from Proto-Southern South Halmahera lost the inalienable possession suffixes. However, evidence from the Tahane dialect o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Woi Language
Woi (Wooi) is a Malayo-Polynesian language of Papua, Indonesia mainly spoken in the villages of Wooi and Woinap on Yapen Island Yapen (also Japen, Jobi) is an island of Papua (province), Papua, Indonesia. The Yapen Strait separates Yapen and the Biak Islands to the north. It is in Cenderawasih Bay off the north-western coast of the island of New Guinea. To the west is ... and the village of Yenuari on Moisnum Island. References Further reading * * External links * Paradisec has an open access collection from Emily Gasser that includeWoi language materials South Halmahera–West New Guinea languages Languages of Western New Guinea {{austronesian-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wamesa Language
Wamesa is an Austronesian language of Indonesian New Guinea, spoken across the neck of the Doberai Peninsula or Bird's Head. There are currently 5,000–8,000 speakers. While it was historically used as a lingua franca, it is currently considered an under-documented, endangered language. This means that fewer and fewer children have an active command of Wamesa. Instead, Papuan Malay has become increasingly dominant in the area. Name The language is often called Wandamen in the literature; however, several speakers of the Windesi dialect have stated that ''Wandamen'' and ''Wondama'' refer to a dialect spoken around the Wondama Bay, studied by early missionaries and linguists from SIL. They affirm that the language as a whole is called ''Wamesa'', the dialects of which are Windesi, Bintuni, and Wandamen. While Wamesa is spoken in West Papua, Wamesa is not a Papuan language but rather a South Halmahera–West New Guinea (SHWNG) language. Distribution Locations: * Teluk Bintuni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biak Language
Biak ( or 'Biak language'; or 'our language'; Indonesian: ), also known as Biak-Numfor, Noefoor, Mafoor, Mefoor, Nufoor, Mafoorsch, Myfoorsch and Noefoorsch, is an Austronesian language of the South Halmahera-West New Guinea subgroup of the Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages. According to ''Ethnologue'', it is spoken by about 70,000 people in Biak and Numfor and numerous small islands in the Schouten Islands, located in Papua province of Western New Guinea, northeastern Indonesia. Name The name ''Biak'' or ''Vyak'' refers to the island of the same name. It probably comes from an earlier form ''*Bat'', which is argued to have meant "the ground under one's feet, land" in Proto-Austronesian via the regular change of ''*t'' to ''k''. This is supported by the Ambel cognate ''Báyt''. Dialects There are a number of different dialects of Biak spoken on various different islands, the most well-known being Biak-Numfoor, spoken on the island of Numfoor. These dialect difference ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ambel Language
Ambel (Amber), also known as Waigeo after the island where it is primarily spoken, is a heavily Papuan-influenced Austronesian language spoken on the island of Waigeo in the Raja Ampat archipelago near the northwestern tip of West Papua, Indonesia. It is spoken by approximately 1,600 people. It is endangered, as the population is shifting to Papuan Malay and few people born after the year 2000 have any knowledge of the language. Name The name ''Ambel'' is probably derived from the Biak word ''amber'', meaning "foreigner" or "stranger". It was adapted into the language itself, where the designation is ''galí Ambél''. The alternative name ''Waigeo'' is named after the island. Speakers of ''Ambel'' consider themselves to be part of the Ma'ya tribe, hence the alternative designation ''galí Mayá'', despite Ambel only being remotely related to Ma'ya via descent from Proto-Raja Ampat–South Halmahera. Dialects Ambel is spoken by approximately 1,600 people on Waigeo, an island ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
