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Social Factory
The Social factory is a concept developed in the 1960s to help analyse how capitalist social relations had expanded outside the sphere of production to that of society as a whole. Mario Tronti was one of the first theorists to develop the term in his text ''Factory and Society'' (1962). Here Tronti uses the Marxist distinction between absolute and relative surplus value to explain how technical and social processes of late capitalist society become entwined, so that "the whole of society lives as a function of the factory and the factory extends its exclusive domination to the whole of society". Origins in ''Quaderni Rossi'' ''Quaderni Rossi ''Quaderni Rossi'' ( Italian:Red Notebooks) was an Italian political journal founded in 1961 which became one of the primary sources of autonomist Marxism. The first issue appeared on 30 September 1961. Raniero Panzieri played a central role in ...'' References {{Reflist Autonomism Marxist theory ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mario Tronti
Mario Tronti (born 24 July 1931 in Rome) is an Italian philosopher and politician, considered one of the founders of the theory of operaismo in the 1960s. An active member of the Italian Communist Party (PCI) during the 1950s, he was, with Raniero Panzieri, amongst the founders of the '' Quaderni Rossi'' (Red Notebooks) review from which he split in 1963 to found the '' Classe Operaia'' (Working Class) review. This evolving journey progressively distanced him from the PCI, without ever formally leaving, and engaged him in the radical experiences of operaismo. Such experience, considered by many to be the matrix of Italian Autonomist Marxism in the 1960s, was characterised by challenging the roles of the traditional organisations of the workers' movement (the unions and the parties) and the direct engagement, without intermediaries, with the working class itself and to the struggles in the factories. Influenced philosophically by the work of Galvano Della Volpe, which led him ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Surplus Value
In Marxian economics, surplus value is the difference between the amount raised through a sale of a product and the amount it cost to the owner of that product to manufacture it: i.e. the amount raised through sale of the product minus the cost of the materials, plant and labour power. The concept originated in Ricardian socialism, with the term "surplus value" itself being coined by William Thompson in 1824; however, it was not consistently distinguished from the related concepts of surplus labor and surplus product. The concept was subsequently developed and popularized by Karl Marx. Marx's formulation is the standard sense and the primary basis for further developments, though how much of Marx's concept is original and distinct from the Ricardian concept is disputed (see ). Marx's term is the German word "''Mehrwert''", which simply means value added (sales revenue minus the cost of materials used up), and is cognate to English "more worth". It is a major concept in Ka ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Late Capitalism
Late capitalism, late-stage capitalism, or end-stage capitalism is a term first used in print by German economist Werner Sombart around the turn of the 20th century. In the late 2010s, the term began to be used in the United States and Canada to refer to perceived absurdities, contradictions, crises, injustices, inequality, and exploitation created by modern business development. Later capitalism refers to the historical epoch since 1940, including the post–World War II economic expansion called the "golden age of capitalism". The expression already existed for a long time in continental Europe, before it gained popularity in the English-speaking world through the English translation of Ernest Mandel's book ''Late Capitalism'', published in 1975. The German original edition of Mandel's work was subtitled in "an attempt at an explanation", meaning that Mandel tried to provide an orthodox Marxist explanation of the post-war epoch in terms of Marx's theory of the capitalist m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quaderni Rossi
''Quaderni Rossi'' ( Italian:Red Notebooks) was an Italian political journal founded in 1961 which became one of the primary sources of autonomist Marxism. The first issue appeared on 30 September 1961. Raniero Panzieri played a central role in founding the journal alongside Mario Tronti, Romano Alquati, Antonio (Toni) Negri, Alberto Asor Rosa, and Danilo Montaldi. In August 1963, '' Classe Operaia'', led by Tronti, broke away, leaving a group around Panzieri and Vittorio Rieser Vittorio is an Italian male given name which has roots from the Byzantine-Bulgarian name Victor. People with the given name Vittorio include: * Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples, pretender to the former Kingdom of Italy * Vittorio Adorni, prof ... running ''Quaderni Rossi''. Following the death of Panzieri in 1964, the journal continued until 1966 but without the same impact as it had previously enjoyed. References External links Quaderni RossiExcerpt from ''Storming Heaven'' (2002). 1961 es ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Autonomism
Autonomism, also known as autonomist Marxism is an anti-capitalist left-wing political and social movement and theory. As a theoretical system, it first emerged in Italy in the 1960s from workerism (). Later, post-Marxist and anarchist tendencies became significant after influence from the Situationists, the failure of Italian far-left movements in the 1970s, and the emergence of a number of important theorists including Antonio Negri, who had contributed to the 1969 founding of as well as Mario Tronti, Paolo Virno and Franco "Bifo" Berardi. George Katsiaficas summarizes the forms of autonomous movements saying that "In contrast to the centralized decisions and hierarchical authority structures of modern institutions, autonomous social movements involve people directly in decisions affecting their everyday lives, seeking to expand democracy and help individuals break free of political structures and behavior patterns imposed from the outside". This has involved a call for the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
