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Social Christian Unity Party Presidential Primary, 2001
The 2001 presidential primary of the Social Christian Unity Party of Costa Rica was held on June 10, 2001, as part of the 2002 Costa Rican general election. Former Minister of Public Works and Transport Rodolfo Méndez Mata faced Television personality and Congressman Dr. Abel Pacheco de la Espriella. Méndez had the endorsement of Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier, former president and PUSC's historical and most emblematic leader. With PUSC's National Committee conformed by Calderon's supporters, Pacheco was perceived as "the underdog" with the Party's structure and the overwhelming Calderonista grassroots in favor of Méndez. Nevertheless, Pacheco won against all odds on what was described as the beginning of the breaking of Costa Rica's two-party system sustained on political tradition and caudillos' endorsements. Pacheco would also win the presidency in the 2002 race against other candidates like National Liberation's Rolando Araya and Citizens' Action Ottón Solís. Se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Defense
Defense or defence may refer to: Tactical, martial, and political acts or groups * Defense (military), forces primarily intended for warfare * Civil defense, the organizing of civilians to deal with emergencies or enemy attacks * Defense industry, industry which manufactures and sells weapons and military technology * Self-defense, the use of force to defend oneself * Haganah (Hebrew for "The Defence"), a paramilitary organization in British Palestine * National security, security of a nation state, its citizens, economy, and institutions, as a duty of government ** Defence diplomacy, pursuit of foreign policy objectives through the peaceful employment of defence resources ** Ministry of defence or department of defense, a part of government which regulates the armed forces ** Defence minister, a cabinet position in charge of a ministry of defense * International security, measures taken by states and international organizations to ensure mutual survival and safety Sports * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
President Of Costa Rica
The president of the Republic of Costa Rica is the head of state and head of government of Costa Rica. The president is currently elected in direct elections for a period of four years, which is not immediately renewable. Two vice presidents are elected in the same ticket with the president. The president appoints the Council of Ministers. Due to the abolition of the military of Costa Rica in 1948, the president is not a commander-in-chief, unlike the norm in most other countries, although the Constitution does describe him as commander-in-chief of the civil defense public forces. From 1969 to 2005, the president was barred from seeking reelection. After the amendment banning reelection was overturned by the Supreme Court in 2005, an incumbent president became eligible to run again after waiting for at least eight years after leaving office. Election The President of Costa Rica is elected using a modified two-round system The two-round system (TRS), also known as runof ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Liberation Party Presidential Primary, 2001
A primary election was held among the members of Costa Rica’s National Liberation Party (Costa Rica), National Liberation Party (PLN) on June 3, 2001 in order to choose PLN’s nominee for presidency in the 2002 Costa Rican general election, 2002 general election. PLN was then the main opposition party facing then in government Social Christian Unity Party. This, as was common since the 70s, was an open primary and as such all Costa Ricans could vote in it with the only requirement be signing membership of the party moments before entering the polls. Previous candidate José Miguel Corrales Bolaños, José Miguel Corrales who ran as PLN’s nominee in the 1998 Costa Rican general election, 1998 election (losing to PUSC’s candidate Miguel Ángel Rodríguez) tried to be nominated again. His main rivals were former party’s president Rolando Araya Monge (nephew of ex president Luis Alberto Monge) and former minister Antonio Álvarez Desanti, the younger of the candidates. Araya w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottón Solís
Ottón Solís Fallas (born 31 May 1954 near Pérez Zeledón) is a Costa Rican politician. He graduated with a Bachelor of Economics from the University of Costa Rica in 1976 and gained a master's degree in economics from the University of Manchester in 1978. He is currently serving his second term as congressman, was a founding member of the Citizens' Action Party (PAC for its Spanish initials), and ran as its three-time presidential candidate. As an academic, he has taught at several universities in the United States and Costa Rica. Early political career Solís was the National Economics Minister during the Óscar Arias administration, acting in this capacity between 1986 and 1988. He also served as Arias' director of political planning. He was elected as a law-maker to the Costa Rican Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica from 1994 to 1998, serving with the National Liberation Party, the party he would abandon shortly thereafter. Founding the Citizens' Action Party In 2000 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Citizens' Action Party (Costa Rica)
The Citizens' Action Party ( es, Partido Acción Ciudadana; commonly abbreviated as PAC) is a political party in Costa Rica. Its platform is based on encouraging citizen participation and involvement in politics. One of its guiding ideals is to fight against corruption, arguing that it is one of the main causes of underdevelopment and voter apathy. The party took a leading role in the failed campaign against Costa Rica's membership of the Central American Free Trade Agreement. History and elections Founding and 2002 election PAC was founded in December 2000 by several dissidents from Costa Rica's two traditional parties, the National Liberation Party and the Social Christian Unity Party. Originally an anti-corruption party, it startled the Costa Rican political arena with a very strong showing in the 2002 general elections. In the presidential vote, party founder and candidate Ottón Solís was able to secure 26% of the votes – an unprecedented amount for a third par ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rolando Araya
Rolando Araya Monge (born 20 August 1947) is a Costa Rican politician. He is a nephew of former president Luis Alberto Monge. Biography Rolando Araya went to school in Palmares, the place he was born, and at the Lincoln Park High School, Michigan. In 1970 after his university career at the University of Costa Rica, he graduated as an engineer. Just four years later he was elected as congressman in Alajuela. Another year passing by, he became President of the Juventud Liberacionista, the youth organization of the PLN, one of the major parties in Costa Rica. In 1978 he also became Vice-President of the supranational youth organization International Union of Socialist Youth. Only after another four years, Araya entered the cabinet of his uncle President Luis Alberto Monge as minister for public works and transportation. Two years later he left the government for becoming general secretary of his party PLN. In 1993 he decided to run for presidency, but failed in his party prim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)
The National Liberation Party ( es, Partido Liberación Nacional, PLN), nicknamed the ' ("green and whites"), is a political party in Costa Rica. The party is a member of the Socialist International. Social-democratic by statute, the party has a few internal factions, including liberals, Third Way supporters, centrists, and social conservatives. History In 1948 a rebel group called National Liberation Army commanded by caudillo José Figueres Ferrer led a rebellion against the government of then President Rafael Angel Calderón Guardia and his communist allies. After the Civil War the rebels were victorious and Figueres took power de facto. Yet, Figueres did not overrule the social reforms made by Calderón and allies, like Social Security, almost free college education and Labor Laws but kept them and even made a series of progressive reforms himself like abolishing the army and introducing taxation on capital. Figueres gave up power in favor of the democratically elect ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calderonista
Calderonism or ''Calderonismo'' is a political and ideological doctrine of Costa Rica, which emerged in the 1940s under the leadership of caudillo Dr. Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia, before, during and after he was president with his National Republican Party, and which was continued by various political forces such as Unity Coalition, National Unification Party and the current Social Christian Unity Party and its split the Social Christian Republican Party. It is together with ''Liberacionismo'' one of the two traditional political tendencies of Costa Rican politics, with which it represented a certain type of Costa Rican bipartisanship from 1986 to 2002 and revolves around the Calderón family. It is a form of populist and Catholic Christian socialism very similar to Argentine Peronism. History Calderonism was born with the political leadership of Dr. Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia. His administration (1940-1944) has been traditionally controversial, during his tenure th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier
Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier (born 14 March 1949) was President of Costa Rica from 1990 to 1994. He was the presidential candidate of the Social Christian Unity Party for the national elections held in February 2010, but resigned his candidacy on 5 October 2009, when he was sentenced to five years in prison for two counts of corruption. Family life Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier was born in Diriamba, Nicaragua, on 14 March 1949. His father was Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia, who served as president from 1940 to 1944. His mother was Maria del Rosario Fournier Mora. He was born while his parents were in exile. Calderon Fournier is married to Gloria Bejarano Almada, the daughter of Mexican physician and politician, Armando León Bejarano. They have four children: Rafael Ángel, Gloria del Carmen, María Gabriela and Marco Antonio. They also have six grandchildren: Alex, Gloria, Tomás, Felipe, Rafael Ángel and Karolina. Calderon Fournier's eldest sister, Alejandra, a t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abel Pacheco
Abel Pacheco de la Espriella ( ; born 22 December 1933 in San José) is a Costa Rican politician who was president of Costa Rica between 2002 and 2006, representing the Social Christian Unity Party ''(Partido Unidad Social Cristiana'' – PUSC). He ran on a platform to continue free market reforms and to institute an austerity program, and was elected, in a second electoral round, with 58% of the vote in April 2002. Biography Early life Abel Pacheco and his first wife, Elsa María Muñoz Batha, had five children: Abel, Elsa, Yolanda, Sergio and Valeria. Pacheco married his second wife, Leila Rodríguez Stahl, a former Miss Costa Rica winner, on 20 November 1975. He and Rodríguez had one son, Fabian. Career Pacheco is a medical doctor who graduated from Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México with a degree in Psychiatry from Louisiana State University. During the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s Pacheco was a popular presenter of short programmes on Costa Rican television. During ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2002 Costa Rican General Election
General elections were held in Costa Rica on 3 February 2002.Dieter Nohlen (2005) ''Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume I'', p155 For the first time in the country's history, no candidate in the presidential election passed the 40% threshold.Nohlen, p. 150. This meant a second round of voting had to be held on 7 April which saw Abel Pacheco of the Social Christian Unity Party defeat the National Liberation Party's Rolando Araya Monge. Many analysts consider this election the beginning of the end of Costa Rica's decades-long two party system. For the first time in many years alternative political forces become really relevant in the Parliament and the plenary had three large party groups; PUSC (19), PLN (17) and PAC (14). While PUSC won the presidential election and the majority in Congress, PLN became the primal opposition force in Parliament. Centre-left PAC with a progressive proposal seem to had gravely affected traditional third forces at the left of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Costa Rica
Costa Rica (, ; ; literally "Rich Coast"), officially the Republic of Costa Rica ( es, República de Costa Rica), is a country in the Central American region of North America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north, the Caribbean Sea to the northeast, Panama to the southeast, the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, and maritime border with Ecuador to the south of Cocos Island. It has a population of around five million in a land area of . An estimated 333,980 people live in the capital and largest city, San José, Costa Rica, San José, with around two million people in the surrounding metropolitan area. The sovereign state is a Unitary state, unitary Presidential system, presidential Constitution of Costa Rica, constitutional republic. It has a long-standing and stable democracy and a highly educated workforce. The country spends roughly 6.9% of its budget (2016) on education, compared to a global average of 4.4%. Its economy, once heavily dependent on agriculture, has diversif ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
