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Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute
The Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute is a nonprofit research institute in San Francisco, California, with a focus on vision science and rehabilitation engineering. It was founded in 1959 by Arthur Jampolsky and Alan B. Scott, when some members of Stanford University's Ophthalmology Department elected to stay in San Francisco rather than move to Palo Alto, California, Palo Alto. Scientific contributions The Institute did early experiments in sensory substitution, especially the substitution of tactile information for visual information to help blind people navigate and other methods to obtain accessible technology. This research is often performed by scientists who are blind, such as Josh Miele. The institute's use of botulinum toxin in humans as a Botulinum toxin therapy of strabismus, therapy to treat strabismus. This initial therapeutic use led to later cosmetic use in Botox. Other impactful work involved Anthony Norcia's study of vision in infants and Erich Sutter's in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christopher Tyler
Christopher William Tyler is a neuroscientist, creator of the autostereogram (" Magic Eye" pictures), and is the Head of the Brain Imaging Center at the Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute He also holds a professorship at City University of London. Biography After earning his PhD from the University of Keele (1970), Tyler became a research fellow at Bell Labs (1974–75), where he worked with Bela Julesz, a vision scientist, psychologist, and MacArthur Fellow. Julesz is well known for his invention of the random dot stereogram, for which he used a computer to create a stereo pair of random-dot images. Although nothing except random dots can be seen in each pair, when people look through a stereoscope so that the left image is viewed only by the left eye and the right image is viewed only by the right eye, they see three-dimensional shapes. After leaving Bell Labs, Tyler took a position at Smith-Kettlewell Institute of Visual Sciences. Tyler's scientific interests are in v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joshua Miele
Joshua A. Miele (born 1969) is an American research scientist who specializes in accessible technology design. Miele conducted research on tactile graphics and auditory displays at the Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute in California for fifteen years. In 2019, he joined Amazon Lab126, a subsidiary of Amazon (company), Amazon that works on hardware products, where he is Principal Accessibility Researcher. He has been blind since early childhood. Miele's work at Smith-Kettlewell includes Tactile Map Automated Production (TMAP), a web application for generating tactile maps of streets printable with a braille embosser, and YouDescribe, a web platform for creating and listening to audio descriptions of YouTube videos. In 2014, he worked with the San Francisco-based nonprofit LightHouse for the Blind and Visually Impaired to start using TMAP to produce tactile maps of the Bay Area Rapid Transit for teachers and other consumers. He was named a MacArthur Fellow in 2021. Life and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alan Yuille
Alan Yuille (born 1955) is a Bloomberg Distinguished Professor of Computational Cognitive Science with appointments in the departments of Cognitive Science and Computer Science at Johns Hopkins University. Yuille develops models of vision and cognition for computers, intended for creating artificial vision systems. He studied under Stephen Hawking at Cambridge University on a PhD in theoretical physics, which he completed in 1981. Biography Alan Yuille obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree in mathematics from the University of Cambridge in 1976, where he also earned his PhD in theoretical physics in 1981. He then completed a postdoctoral fellowship at the University of Texas at Austin and the University of California, Santa Barbara. Yuille served as a research scientist first at the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he stayed from 1982 until 1986, and then at Harvard University. Here, he was promoted to assistant professor of c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ken Nakayama
Ken Nakayama is an American psychologist. Prior to retirement he was the Edgar Pierce Professor of Psychology at Harvard University. He is now an emeritus professor at Harvard. Nakayama is known for his work on prosopagnosia (an inability to recognize faces) and super recognisers (people with significantly better-than-average face recognition ability). A notable contribution is from his work on surface processing by the human visual system. Nakayama received his BA from Haverford College and PhD from UCLA. From 1971 to 1990, he was at the Smith Kettlewell Eye Research Institute in San Francisco. Since then, he has been at Harvard University. Nakayama helped in the formation and founding of the Vision Sciences Society and served as its first president. In 2016, the Society established the Ken Nakayama Medal for Excellence in Vision Science in honor of his numerous significant contributions. In 2017, he received the Edgar D. Tillyer Award from The Optical Society Optica, fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Julie M
Julie may refer to: * Julie (given name), a list of people and fictional characters with the name Film and television * ''Julie'' (1956 film), an American film noir starring Doris Day * ''Julie'' (1975 film), a Hindi film by K. S. Sethumadhavan featuring Lakshmi * ''Julie'' (1998 film), a British public information film about seatbelt use * ''Julie'' (2004 film), a Hindi film starring Neha Dhupia ** '' Julie 2'', its 2016 sequel starring Raai Laxmi * ''Julie'' (2006 film), a Kannada film starring Ramya * ''Julie'' (TV series), a 1992 American sitcom starring Julie Andrews Literature * '' Julie; or, The New Heloise'', a 1761 novel by Jean-Jacques Rousseau * ''Julie'' (George novel), a 1994 novel, the second book of a trilogy, by Jean Craighead George * ''Julie'', a 1985 novel by Cora Taylor Music * ''Julie'' (opera), a 2005 opera by Philippe Boesmans * Julie (band), an American shoegaze band Albums * ''Julie'' (album), by Julie London, 1957 * ''Julie'' (EP) or the ti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Matteo Carandini
Matteo Carandini (born 1967) is a neuroscientist who studies the visual system. He is currently a professor at University College London, where he co-directs the Cortical Processing Laboratory with Kenneth D Harris. He studies the visual cortex at the level of individual neurons and populations of neurons, their intercommunication within the visual cortex, with a particular interest in the functions of the eye, thalamus, and the early visual areas of the cerebral cortex. Carandini conducts his research with the goal of contributing to the knowledge of how the brain processes visual information in the human brain and he works primarily with mice. His grandfather was ambassador Nicolo Carandini, and his uncle is archaeologist Andrea Carandini. Achievements In the 1990s, working with David Heeger and J. Anthony Movshon he refined and provided evidence for Heeger's normalization model of V1 responses. Together with David Ferster he characterized the relationship between syna ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laura Busse
Laura Busse (born 19 September 1977) is a German neuroscientist and professor of Systemic Neuroscience within the Division of Neurobiology at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. Busse's lab studies context-dependent visual processing in mouse models by performing large scale in vivo electrophysiological recordings in the thalamic and cortical circuits of awake and behaving mice. Early life and education Busse was born in Bergisch-Gladbach, Germany, on 19 September 1977. She had an early interest in brain studies and received a scholarship from the Bavaria, State of Bavaria that supported her studies in basic psychology at the Leipzig University, University of Leipzig, in Leipzig, Germany from 1997 to 1999. Busse then pursued further studies at the University of Tübingen, Max Planck Research School at the University of Tübingen in Germany where she focused in Neural and Behavioral Sciences from 1999 to 2001. During her time at Tübingen, Busse pursued research abroad f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Bach-y-Rita
Paul Bach-y-Rita (April 4, 1934 – November 20, 2006) was an American neuroscientist whose most notable work was in the field of neuroplasticity. Bach-y-Rita was one of the first to seriously study the idea of neuroplasticity (although it was first proposed in the late 19th century), and to introduce sensory substitution as a tool to treat patients with neurological disorders. Bach-y-Rita is known as "the father of sensory substitution". Biography Bach-y-Rita was born on April 4, 1934, in New York City to Anne Hyman and Pedro Bach-y-Rita, the latter a Catalan poet and teacher at City College of New York. He studied at the Bronx High School of Science, from which he graduated at the age of fifteen before studying at Mexico City College (now the University of the Americas in Puebla). After his early education, he studied medicine at Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM). He initially dropped out, going through several varied jobs, but later returned to finish his de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leonardo Da Vinci
Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci (15 April 1452 - 2 May 1519) was an Italian polymath of the High Renaissance who was active as a painter, draughtsman, engineer, scientist, theorist, sculptor, and architect. While his fame initially rested on his achievements as a painter, he has also become known for #Journals and notes, his notebooks, in which he made drawings and notes on a variety of subjects, including anatomy, astronomy, botany, cartography, painting, and palaeontology. Leonardo is widely regarded to have been a genius who epitomised the Renaissance humanism, Renaissance humanist ideal, and his List of works by Leonardo da Vinci, collective works comprise a contribution to later generations of artists matched only by that of his younger contemporary Michelangelo. Born out of wedlock to a successful notary and a lower-class woman in, or near, Vinci, Tuscany, Vinci, he was educated in Florence by the Italian painter and sculptor Andrea del Verrocchio. He began his career ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mona Lisa
The ''Mona Lisa'' is a half-length portrait painting by the Italian artist Leonardo da Vinci. Considered an archetypal masterpiece of the Italian Renaissance, it has been described as "the best known, the most visited, the most written about, the most sung about, [and] the most parodied work of art in the world." The painting's novel qualities include the subject's enigmatic expression, monumentality of the composition, the subtle modelling of forms, and the atmospheric Illusionism (art), illusionism. The painting has been traditionally considered to depict the Italian noblewoman Lisa del Giocondo. It is painted in oil on a Populus alba, white poplar panel painting, panel. Leonardo never gave the painting to the Giocondo family. It was believed to have been painted between 1503 and 1506; however, Leonardo may have continued working on it as late as 1517. King Francis I of France acquired the ''Mona Lisa'' after Leonardo's death in 1519, and it is now the property of the French ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Autostereogram
An autostereogram is a two-dimensional (2D) image that can create the optical illusion of a three-dimensional (3D) scene. Autostereograms use only one image to accomplish the effect while normal stereograms require two. The 3D scene in an autostereogram is often unrecognizable until it is viewed properly, unlike typical stereograms. Viewing any kind of stereogram properly may cause the viewer to experience vergence-accommodation conflict. The optical illusion of an autostereogram is one of depth perception and involves stereopsis: depth perception arising from the different perspective each eye has of a three-dimensional scene, called binocular parallax. Individuals with disordered binocular vision and who cannot perceive depth may require a wiggle stereogram to achieve a similar effect. The simplest type of autostereogram consists of a horizontally repeating pattern, with small changes throughout, that looks like wallpaper. When viewed with proper vergence, the repeating ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
