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Slovak Republic (1939–1945)
Slovakia, officially the (First) Slovak Republic, and from 14 March until 21 July 1939 officially known as the Slovak State (, ), was a partially-recognized Clerical fascism, clerical fascist client state of Nazi Germany which existed between 14 March 1939 and 4 April 1945 in Central Europe. The Slovak part of Second Czechoslovak Republic, Czechoslovakia declared independence with German support one day before the German occupation of Czechoslovakia, German occupation of Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, Bohemia and Moravia. It controlled most of the territory of present-day Slovakia, without its current southern parts, which were First Vienna Award, ceded by Second Czechoslovak Republic, Czechoslovakia to Kingdom of Hungary (1920–46), Hungary in 1938. The state was the first formally independent Slovak state in history. Bratislava was declared the capital city. A one-party state governed by the far-right Slovak People's Party, Hlinka's Slovak People's Party, the Slovak Rep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Client State
A client state in the context of international relations is a State (polity), state that is economically, politically, and militarily subordinated to a more powerful controlling state. Alternative terms for a ''client state'' are satellite state, associated state, and dominion, Condominium (international law), condominium, self-governing colony, and Neocolonialism, neo-colony, protectorate, vassal state, puppet state, and tributary state. Controlling states in history Persia, Greece, Ancient China and Rome Ancient states such as History of Iran, Persia, Parthia, Ancient Greece, Greek city-states, Ancient China, and Ancient Rome sometimes created client states by making the leaders of that state subservient, having to provide tribute and soldiers. Classical Athens, for example, forced weaker states into the Delian League and in some cases imposed democratic governments on them. Later, Philip II of Macedon similarly imposed the League of Corinth. One of the most prolific users of cl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Czechs
The Czechs (, ; singular Czech, masculine: ''Čech'' , singular feminine: ''Češka'' ), or the Czech people (), are a West Slavs, West Slavic ethnic group and a nation native to the Czech Republic in Central Europe, who share a common Bohemia, ancestry, Czech culture, culture, History of the Czech lands, history, and the Czech language. Ethnic Czechs were called Bohemians in English language, English until the early 20th century, referring to the former name of their country, Bohemia, which in turn was adapted from the late Iron Age tribe of Celtic Boii. During the Migration Period, West Slavic Bohemians (tribe), tribes settled in the area, "assimilated the remaining Celtic and Germanic populations", and formed a principality in the 9th century, which was initially part of Great Moravia, in form of Duchy of Bohemia and later Kingdom of Bohemia, the predecessors of the modern republic. The Czech diaspora is found in notable numbers in the Czech American, United States, Germany ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Štefan Tiso
Štefan Tiso (October 18, 1897 – March 28, 1959) was a lawyer and president of the Supreme Court of the 1939–1945 Slovak Republic which was a puppet state of Nazi Germany. He was a cousin of Josef Tiso, the president of the Republic. Tiso was born in Nagybiccse, Kingdom of Hungary. He became prime minister (replacing Vojtech Tuka), Foreign Minister (replacing also Vojtech Tuka) and minister of Justice (replacing Gejza Fritz) of the Slovak Republic. In the latter position in 1944 he pressed for death sentences against leaders of the pro-allied Slovak National Council. Tiso also emphasized his desire to see a Final Solution to the Jewish Question in Slovakia, in discussions with Josef Witiska, the commander of Einsatzgruppe H. He believed that the uprising was the work of Judeo-Bolshevik plotters and considered Jews " enemies of the state". In a postwar trial, Štefan Tiso was given a life sentence. He died in prison in Mírov, Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia ( ; ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vojtech Tuka
Vojtech Lázar "Béla" Tuka (4 July 1880 – 20 August 1946) was a Slovak politician who served as prime minister and minister of Foreign Affairs of the First Slovak Republic between 1939 and 1945. Tuka was one of the main forces behind the deportation of Slovak Jews to Nazi concentration camps in German occupied Poland. He was the leader of the radical wing of the Slovak People's Party. Early career Tuka, sometimes referred to by the Magyar name Béla, was born in Hegybánya, in the Hont County of the Kingdom of Hungary (today: ''Štiavnické Bane, Slovakia''). He studied law at universities in Budapest, Berlin, and Paris. He became the youngest professor in the Kingdom of Hungary, teaching law in Pécs and—from 1914 to 1919—at the Elizabethan University in Bratislava. After the dissolution of that university in 1919, he worked as an editor in Bratislava. After the founding of Czechoslovakia in late 1918, he joined the autonomist Slovak People's Party. Growing separatis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prime Minister Of Slovakia
The prime minister of Slovakia, officially the chairman of the government of the Slovak Republic (Slovak language, Slovak: ''Predseda vlády Slovenskej republiky''), commonly referred to in Slovakia as ''Predseda vlády'' or informally as ''Premiér'', is the Head of government, head of the Government of Slovakia, government of the Slovakia, Slovak Republic. Officially, the officeholder is the third-highest constitutional official in Slovakia after the President of Slovakia, president of the Republic (appointer) and List of speakers of Slovak parliaments, chairman of the National Council; in practice, the appointee is the country's leading political figure. Since the office was created in 1969, fifteen different people have served as head of government. Since 1993, when Slovakia gained independence, nine people have occupied the function. On 25 October 2023, Robert Fico became the prime minister of Slovakia. History The office of the prime minister of Slovakia was established in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jozef Tiso
Jozef Gašpar Tiso (, ; 13 October 1887 – 18 April 1947) was a Slovaks, Slovak politician and Catholic priest who served as president of the Slovak Republic (1939–1945), First Slovak Republic, a client state of Nazi Germany during World War II, from 1939 to 1945. After the war, in 1947, he was convicted of treason and executed in Bratislava. Born in 1887 to Slovaks, Slovak parents in Bytča, Nagybiccse (today Bytča), then part of Kingdom of Hungary, Hungary, Austria-Hungary, Tiso studied several languages during his school career, including Hebrew language, Hebrew and German. He was introduced to priesthood from an early age, and helped combat local poverty and alcoholism in what is now Slovakia. He joined the Slovak People's Party () in 1918 and became party leader in 1938 following the death of Andrej Hlinka. On 14 March 1939, the Slovak Assembly in Bratislava unanimously adopted Law 1/1939 transforming the autonomous Slovak Republic (that was until then part of Czechoslov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
President Of Slovakia
The president of the Slovak Republic () serves as the head of state of Slovakia and commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces. The people directly elect the president for five years, for a maximum of two consecutive terms. The presidency is essentially a ceremonial office, but the president exercises certain limited powers with absolute discretion. Their official residence is the Grassalkovich Palace in Bratislava. History The office was established by the constitution of Slovakia on 1 January 1993, when Slovakia permanently split from Czechoslovakia and became independent. The office was vacant until 2 March, when the first president, Michal Kováč, was elected by the National Council of Slovak Republic. However, in 1998, the National Council could not elect a successor to Kováč. As a result, the position was vacant for half a year after Kováč's term ended in March 1998. The duties and powers of the office devolved upon the then-prime minister and speaker of the Nationa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dictatorship
A dictatorship is an autocratic form of government which is characterized by a leader, or a group of leaders, who hold governmental powers with few to no Limited government, limitations. Politics in a dictatorship are controlled by a dictator, and they are facilitated through an inner circle of elites that includes advisers, generals, and other high-ranking officials. The dictator maintains control by influencing and appeasing the inner circle and repressing any opposition, which may include rival political parties, armed resistance, or disloyal members of the dictator's inner circle. Dictatorships can be formed by a Coup d'état, military coup that overthrows the previous government through force or they can be formed by a self-coup in which elected leaders make their rule permanent. Dictatorships are Authoritarianism, authoritarian or Totalitarianism, totalitarian, and they can be classified as military dictatorships, One-party state, one-party dictatorships, personalist dictat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Totalitarianism
Totalitarianism is a political system and a form of government that prohibits opposition from political parties, disregards and outlaws the political claims of individual and group opposition to the state, and completely controls the public sphere and the private sphere of society. In the field of political science, totalitarianism is the extreme form of authoritarianism, wherein all socio-political power is held by a dictator. This figure controls the national politics and peoples of the nation with continual propaganda campaigns that are broadcast by state-controlled and state-aligned private mass communications media. The totalitarian government uses ideology to control most aspects of human life, such as the political economy of the country, the system of education, the arts, sciences, and private morality of its citizens. In the exercise of socio-political power, the difference between a totalitarian regime of government and an authoritarian regime of government is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corporate Statism
Corporate statism or state corporatism, referred to as corporativism by the Italian fascism, fascists, is a political culture and a form of corporatism the proponents of which claim or believe that corporate group (sociology), corporate groups should form the basis of society and the State (polity), state. By this principle, the state requires all citizens to belong to one of several officially designated interest groups (based generally on economic sector), which consequently have great control of their members. Such interest groups thus attain public status, and they or their representatives participate with national policymaking, at least formally. Societies have existed historically which exemplified corporate statism, for instance as propounded by Othmar Spann in Austria and implemented by Benito Mussolini in Italy (1922–1943), António de Oliveira Salazar's Estado Novo (Portugal), Estado Novo in Portugal (1933–1974) and by the interwar Federal State of Austria. After Wo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
One-party State
A one-party state, single-party state, one-party system or single-party system is a governance structure in which only a single political party controls the ruling system. In a one-party state, all opposition parties are either outlawed or enjoy limited and controlled participation in election An election is a formal group decision-making process whereby a population chooses an individual or multiple individuals to hold Public administration, public office. Elections have been the usual mechanism by which modern representative d ...s. The term "''de facto'' one-party state" is sometimes used to describe a dominant-party system that, unlike a one-party state, allows (at least nominally) multiparty elections, but the existing practices or balance of political power effectively prevent the opposition from winning power. Membership in the ruling party tends to be relatively small compared to the population. Rather, they give out private goods to fellow elites to ensur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
