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Sinomammut
''Sinomammut'' (meaning "Chinese ''Mammut''") is a mammutid proboscidean from the Miocene of China. Only one species, ''S. tobieni'', is known, named in 2016. Discovery and naming It was known from the holotype, specimen GIOTC 0984-9-178, which was a single fragmentary mandible found in the 1990s, however, most of the specimen has been lost, leaving only the right ramus and an ''in-situ'' photograph of the mandible. The surviving ramus, known as the "Yanghecun specimen", was collected in 1999 in the Neogene-aged Xihe Linxian Basin in Miocene-aged deposits by Zhao Desi. The left branch of the jaw was lost during the salvage and is only documented by a photo of the fossil ''in situ''. In 2007, Xie GuangPu, also involved in the initial description, published the find under the scientific name ''Sinomastodon intermedium''.GP, Xie. (2007). Identification on elephantoid teeth and fossil elephantoids in Gansu (in Chinese). In: EJ (Ed), ''The Collection of Disquisitions for West Ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mammutidae
Mammutidae is an extinct family of proboscideans belonging to Elephantimorpha. It is best known for the mastodons (genus ''Mammut''), which inhabited North America from the Late Miocene (around 8 million years ago) until their extinction at the beginning of the Holocene, around 11,000 years ago. The earliest fossils of the group are known from the Late Oligocene of Africa, around 24 million years ago, and fossils of the group have also been found across Eurasia. The name "mastodon" derives from Greek, "nipple" and "tooth", referring to their characteristic teeth. Description Mammutids are characterised by their zygodont molars, where pairs of parallel cusps are merged into sharp-sided riges, which are morphologically conservative and differ little between mammutid species.'''' Like other members of Elephantimorpha, mammutids exhibited horizontal tooth replacement like modern elephants. Some authors have argued that horizontal tooth replacement evolved in parallel in mammu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mammut
A mastodon, from Ancient Greek μαστός (''mastós''), meaning "breast", and ὀδούς (''odoús'') "tooth", is a member of the genus ''Mammut'' (German for 'mammoth'), which was endemic to North America and lived from the late Miocene to the early Holocene. Mastodons belong to the order Proboscidea, the same order as elephants and mammoths (which belong to the family Elephantidae). ''Mammut'' is the type genus of the extinct family Mammutidae, which diverged from the ancestors of modern elephants at least 27–25 million years ago, during the Oligocene. Like other members of Mammutidae, the molar teeth of mastodons have zygodont morphology (where parallel pairs of cusps are merged into sharp ridges), which strongly differ from those of elephantids. In comparison to its likely ancestor '' Zygolophodon'', ''Mammut'' is characterized by particularly long and upward curving upper tusks, reduced or absent tusks on the lower jaw, as well as the shortening of the mand ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proboscidea
Proboscidea (; , ) is a taxonomic order of afrotherian mammals containing one living family (Elephantidae) and several extinct families. First described by J. Illiger in 1811, it encompasses the elephants and their close relatives. Three living species of elephant are currently recognised: the African bush elephant, the African forest elephant, and the Asian elephant. Extinct members of Proboscidea include the deinotheres, mastodons, gomphotheres and stegodonts. The family Elephantidae also contains several extinct groups, including mammoths and '' Palaeoloxodon''. Proboscideans include some of the largest known land mammals, with the elephant '' Palaeoloxodon namadicus'' and mastodon ''"Mammut" borsoni'' suggested to have body masses surpassing , rivalling or exceeding paraceratheres (the otherwise largest known land mammals) in size. The largest extant proboscidean is the African bush elephant, with a world record of size of at the shoulder and . In addition to thei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sinomastodon
''Sinomastodon'' ("Chinese mastodont") is an extinct gomphothere genus (of order Proboscidea) known from the Late Miocene to Early Pleistocene of Asia, including China, Japan, Thailand, Myanmar, Indonesia and probably Kashmir. Extinct animals of Indonesia Description ''Sinomastodon'', in comparison to earlier gomphotheres, had a shortened (brevirostrine) lower jaw that lacked permanent tusks/incisors. The skull was proportionally relatively short. The upper tusks, which are circular in cross-section, are upward curving and lack enamel bands. The molar teeth were triolophodont and bunodont. One individual of ''S. hanjiangensis,'' suggested to about 30-years-old, is estimated to have been about tall and weighed . Taxonomy and evolution The taxonomic position of ''Sinomastodon'' is disputed. Some authors suggest that ''Sinomastodon'' originated from North American gomphotheres that migrated into Asia. Position according to Mothé et al. 2016 supporting this hypothesis, showing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miocene
The Miocene ( ) is the first epoch (geology), geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and means "less recent" because it has 18% fewer modern marine invertebrates than the Pliocene has. The Miocene followed the Oligocene and preceded the Pliocene. As Earth went from the Oligocene through the Miocene and into the Pliocene, the climate slowly cooled towards a series of ice ages. The Miocene boundaries are not marked by distinct global events but by regionally defined transitions from the warmer Oligocene to the cooler Pliocene Epoch. During the Early Miocene, Afro-Arabia collided with Eurasia, severing the connection between the Mediterranean and Indian Oceans, and allowing the interchange of fauna between Eurasia and Africa, including the dispersal of proboscideans and Ape, hominoids into Eurasia. During the late Miocene, the conn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gomphotheriidae
Gomphotheres are an extinct group of proboscideans related to modern elephants. First appearing in Africa during the Oligocene, they dispersed into Eurasia and North America during the Miocene and arrived in South America during the Pleistocene as part of the Great American Interchange. Gomphotheres are a paraphyletic group ancestral to Elephantidae, which contains modern elephants, as well as Stegodontidae. While most famous forms such as '' Gomphotherium'' had long lower jaws with tusks, the ancestral condition for the group, some later members developed shortened (brevirostrine) lower jaws with either vestigial or no lower tusks and outlasted the long-jawed gomphotheres. This change made them look very similar to modern elephants, an example of parallel evolution. During the Pliocene and Early Pleistocene, the diversity of gomphotheres declined, ultimately becoming extinct outside of the Americas. The last two genera, '' Cuvieronius'' ranging southern North America to w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fossils Of China
A fossil (from Classical Latin , ) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age. Examples include bones, shells, exoskeletons, stone imprints of animals or microbes, objects preserved in amber, hair, petrified wood and DNA remnants. The totality of fossils is known as the ''fossil record''. Though the fossil record is incomplete, numerous studies have demonstrated that there is enough information available to give a good understanding of the pattern of diversification of life on Earth. In addition, the record can predict and fill gaps such as the discovery of ''Tiktaalik'' in the arctic of Canada. Paleontology includes the study of fossils: their age, method of formation, and evolutionary significance. Specimens are sometimes considered to be fossils if they are over 10,000 years old. The oldest fossils are around 3.48 billion years to 4.1 billion years old. Early edition, published online before print. The ob ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Losodokodon
''Losodokodon'' is an extinct genus of large herbivorous mammals belonging to the family Mammutidae. It was first described in 2009 by David Tab Rasmussen and Mercedes Gutiérrez from fossils found in the Erageleit Formation of northwestern Kenya. ''Losodokodon'' lived during the Late Oligocene, between 27 and 24 million years ago. It is known from isolated molars and premolars. Dental mesowear suggests a browsing Browsing is a kind of orienting strategy. It is supposed to identify something of relevance for the browsing organism. In context of humans, it is a metaphor taken from the animal kingdom. It is used, for example, about people browsing open sh ... diet. References Mammutidae Prehistoric placental genera Oligocene mammals of Africa Fossils of Kenya Fossil taxa described in 2009 {{paleo-proboscidean-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zygolophodon
''Zygolophodon'' is an extinct genus of mammutid proboscidean that lived during the Miocene in Africa, Eurasia, and North America. Description As with other mammutids, the molars have a zygodont morphology. The fused front region of the lower jaw (the mandibular symphysis) is elongate and bears tusks/incisors. The upper tusks have enamel bands and are untwisted and downward curving, and outwardly diverge from each other. The jaws retained permanent premolar teeth. Species probably reached similar sizes to the American mastodon, with a shoulder height of estimated for the species ''Z. metachinjiensis.'' Ecology ''Zygolophodon'' is suggested to have primarily had a browsing-based diet. Its teeth primarily served to vertically chew plant material. Taxonomy ''Zygolophodon'' belongs in the family Mammutidae, whose best known member is the American mastodon (''Mammut americanum''). The genus likely originated in Africa. The oldest species is ''Z. aegyptensis,'' known from Eg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eozygodon
''Eozygodon'' is an extinct genus of proboscidean in the family Mammutidae. It is a monotypic genus that contains the single species ''E. morotoensis'', named in 1983. It is known from the Early Miocene of Africa (Kenya, Uganda, Namibia) and well as possibly the Middle Miocene of China. It is considered a primitive member of the family, retaining a long lower jaw (longirostrine) with lower tusks. The upper tusks are small, and are only slightly divergent from each other. The skull of the young adult (around 24-26 years old in African elephant tooth wear equivalent years) AM 02 from Auchas, Namibia, was around the size of that of a 10 year old American mastodon,Tassy, P. 2018Remarks on the cranium of ''Eozygodon morotoensis'' (Proboscidea, Mammalia) from the early Miocene of Africa, and the question of the monophyly of Elephantimorpha Revue Paléobiologie, Genève, 37:593-607. around in maximum length. Some authors suggest that ''Eozygodon'' could be less closely related to othe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
