|
Sinhŭng Military Academy
Sinhŭng Academy (), commonly known as the Sinhŭng Military Academy (; alternate spelling Shinheung Military Academy), was a training facility for militant Korean independence activists in exile in Manchuria, Republic of China. The school trained Koreans to fight and resist the Japanese colonization of Korea. It was established in 1911 and closed around August 1920. Name The school's official name was "Sinhŭng Academy", although it was widely also known as the Sinhŭng Military Academy. Its name can be interpreted to mean "new rising academy". ''Sin'' comes from the Korean name of the New People's Association (), and ''hŭng'' can be interpreted to mean "rising again". History The school was first conceptualized in 1909 by the leadership of the Korean independence activist group New People's Association. Among them, Yang Kit'ak, Yi Tongnyŏng, and Yi Hoeyŏng were particularly active in advocating for the creation of military training facilities for Korean guerillas. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manchuria
Manchuria is a historical region in northeast Asia encompassing the entirety of present-day northeast China and parts of the modern-day Russian Far East south of the Uda (Khabarovsk Krai), Uda River and the Tukuringra-Dzhagdy Ranges. The exact geographical extent varies depending on the definition: in the narrow sense, the area constituted by three Chinese provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning as well as the eastern Inner Mongolian prefectures of China, prefectures of Hulunbuir, Hinggan League, Hinggan, Tongliao, and Chifeng; in a broader sense, historical Manchuria includes those regions plus the Amur river basin, parts of which were ceded to the Russian Empire by the Manchu-led Qing dynasty during the Amur Annexation of 1858–1860. The parts of Manchuria ceded to Russia are collectively known as Outer Manchuria or Russian Manchuria, which include present-day Amur Oblast, Primorsky Krai, the Jewish Autonomous Oblast, the southern part of Khabarovsk Krai, and the easter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
March First Movement
The March First Movement was a series of protests against Korea under Japanese rule, Japanese colonial rule that was held throughout Korea and internationally by the Korean diaspora beginning on March 1, 1919. Protests were largely concentrated in March and April of that year, although related protests continued until 1921. In South Korea, the movement is remembered as a landmark event of not only the Korean independence movement, but of all of Korean history. The protests began in Seoul, with public readings of the Korean Declaration of Independence in the restaurant and in Tapgol Park. The movement grew and spread rapidly. Statistics on the protest are uncertain; there were around 1,500 to 1,800 protests with a total of around 0.8 to 2 million participants. The total population of Korea at the time was around 16 to 17 million. Despite the peaceful nature of the protests, they were frequently violently suppressed. One Korean estimate in 1920 claimed 7,509 deaths and 46,948 arrest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Korean Liberation Army
The Korean Liberation Army (KLA; ), also known as the Korean Restoration Army, was the armed forces of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea. It was established on September 17, 1940, in Chongqing, Republic of China (1912–1949), Republic of China, with significant financial and personnel support from the Nationalist government, Kuomintang. It participated in various battles and intelligence activities against the Japanese, including alongside the British Army during the Second World War, British Army in India in World War II, India and with the United States in the Eagle Project. Its commandant was General Ji Cheong-cheon and chief of staff General Lee Beom-seok (prime minister), Lee Beom-seok, the future first prime minister of South Korea. The group reached several hundred personnel at its peak. It experienced frequent funding issues, infighting, and difficulty achieving recognition from global powers. Background Since the Japan–Korea Treaty of 1910, Japan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heroic Corps
The Heroic Corps () was a militant Korean independence activist organization during the Japanese colonial period. Founded in 1919, its activists believed in revolutionary uprising and egalitarianism. After the March First Movement was crushed in 1919, many independence activists moved their bases to foreign countries. Members of the Heroic Corps thought that those organizations were too moderate and would not contribute to independence in Korea. They took a more radical approach by opposing compromises such as culturalism. The Heroic Corps wished for a violent revolution, reflected the ''Manifesto of the Korean Revolution'' () by independence activist Shin Chae-ho. The Corps struggled for independence by assassinating high-ranking Japanese officials and committing acts of terrorism against government offices. The Heroic Corps moved their base to Beijing, China, and brought members to Shanghai, totaling about 70 members in 1924. Kim Ku, Kim Kyu-sik, Kim Chang-suk, and Shin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kim Won-bong
Kim Won-bong (; 1898 – ) was a Korean independence activist, Korean anarchist, communist, and later statesman for North Korea. He was a general of the Korean Liberation Army and the commander of the Heroic Corps and the Korean Volunteer Corps. His art name was Yaksan (). He used a variety of pseudonyms during his exile abroad in China, including Ch'oe Rim (), Yi Ch'ung (), Chin Kuk-pin (), and Ch'ŏn Se-dŏk (). Biography Kim was born in 1898 in Miryang, South Gyeongsang Province, Korean Empire. He was born to father Kim Chu-ik () and mother Yi Kyŏng-nyŏm () and into the Gimhae Kim clan. In his youth, he studied at a ''seodang'', a traditional Korean school. In 1908, he enrolled in a modern-style school. In 1910, he attended the Donghwa Middle School (). In 1913, he attended a school in Seoul. In 1916, he was in China, learning the German language. In 1918, he enrolled in the University of Nanking. In February 1919, Kim entered the and underwent military education f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Northern Military Administration Office
The Northern Military Administration Office () was an armed independence movement group founded in Donggandao in 1919. It originated from the Daejonggyo lineage. It was organized around Seo Il and Kim Jwa-jin in Jilin Province, Manchuria, in 1919. Based on the Junggwangdan organized by Koreans who immigrated to Bukgando, the Jeongjeongdan organized in Jiandao, Bukgando in 1919 was established by changing its name to Northern Military Administration Office. The Northern Military Administration Office established an officer training center to conduct military training and train independence fighters. In 1920, when Japan deployed its troops into Manchuria, it achieved a great victory over the Japanese army in the Battle of Cheongsanri. Overview The Korean Military Government was created by merging the Korean Justice Corps and its affiliated Korean Military Government Association in 1919. In October 1919, under the leadership of Daejongism, Daejonggyo and New People's Association, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Korean Independence Corps
The Korean Independence Corps () was a militant Korean independence organization that united the Korean Independence armies until its dissolution after the Free City Incident, reorganization in Manchuria, and its final dissolution. Overview As Japan launched a full-fledged attack following defeats such as the Battle of Cheongsanri and the Battle of Fengwudong, independence forces, including the Northern Military Administration Office, decided to move to the Maritime Province and prepare for a long-term anti-Japanese war, and in 1920. It is a joint unit that united the forces of the independence army in December at Milsan near the Sino-Soviet border. Background At the request of the Chinese side, which could not overcome the pressure of Japan, the independence army units located in all parts of South and North Manchuria, especially in North Gando, moved to the direction of Milsan near the Sino-Soviet border to build a new anti-Japanese war base. In December 1920, under th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hong Beom-do
General Hong Beom-do (; August 27, 1868 – October 25, 1943) was a Korean independence activist and national hero. Hong served as commander of a guerrilla unit of the Justice Army "Yibyon" within the Righteous armies and the Korean Independence Army, which essentially gave rise to Korea's armed struggle against Japanese colonialists. In 1962, he was posthumously awarded the Order of Merit for National Foundation by South Korea. Biography Hong was born in Chasong, North Pyongan Province, Joseon. During his early life, he was a hunter. In September 1907, Japan, as part of its colonial policies in Korea, passed a law that required hunters to turn in their hunting guns, with the intention of weakening the Korean resistance to the Japanese occupation. The law effectively crippled the ability of hunters to pursue their traditional livelihood, angering many hunters, including Hong. In response to the outlawing of hunters' guns, Hong organized a resistance force named the 1907 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chi Ch'ŏngch'ŏn
Chi Ch'ŏngch'ŏn (; 25 January 1888 – 15 January 1957), also known as Yi Ch'ŏngch'ŏn (), was a Korean independence activist during the period of Japanese rule (1910–1945). He later became a South Korean politician. His name was originally Chi Sŏkkyu, but he took the nom de guerre Chi Ch'ŏngch'ŏn, meaning "Earth and Blue Sky", while leading Korean guerrilla forces against the Japanese. To hide his identity from Japanese forces while conducting military independence activities, he also used the names Chi Taehyŏng, Chi Subong, and Chi Ŭlgyu. His pen name was Paeksan, meaning White (Bright, Clear, Snowy) Mountain. He was a 1914 graduate of the Imperial Japanese Army Academy; however, he defected to the Korean guerrilla forces in 1919, bringing with him knowledge of modern military techniques from his experience as a lieutenant in the Imperial Japanese Army. His skills were appreciated by the Korean guerrilla forces, who made him the superintendent of the Sinheung Milita ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Qingshanli
A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and force commitment. An engagement with only limited commitment between the forces and without decisive results is sometimes called a skirmish. The word "battle" can also be used infrequently to refer to an entire operational campaign, although this usage greatly diverges from its conventional or customary meaning. Generally, the word "battle" is used for such campaigns if referring to a protracted combat encounter in which either one or both of the combatants had the same methods, resources, and strategic objectives throughout the encounter. Some prominent examples of this would be the Battle of the Atlantic, Battle of Britain, and the Battle of France, all in World War II. Wars and military campaigns are guided by military strategy, whereas battl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antu County
Antu County (; Chosŏn'gŭl: 안도현; Hangul: 안투현) is a county of southeastern Jilin province, Northeast China. It is under the administration of the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture. Antu is home to Koreans in China, Korean and Manchu people, Manchu minorities. In 2020 it had a population of 195,000, of which 17.9% Koreans. It has a border crossing with North Korea at Shuangmufeng (双目峰). Administrative divisions Antu has seven Town (China), towns and two Townships of the People's Republic of China, townships. Towns: *Mingyue (明月镇 / 명월진) *Songjiang, Antu County, Songjiang (松江镇 / 송강진) *Erdaobaihe (二道白河镇 / 이도백하진) *Liangjiang, Antu County, liangjiang (两江镇 / 량강진) *Shimen, Antu County, Shimen (石门镇 / 석문진) *Wanbao, Antu County, Wanbao (万宝镇 / 만보진) *Liangbing (亮兵镇 / 량병진) Townships: *Xinhe Township, Antu County, Xinhe Township (新合乡 / 신합향) *Yongqing Township (永庆乡 / ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhang Zuolin
Zhang Zuolin; courtesy name Yuting ( zh, c=雨亭, p=Yǔtíng, labels=no) and nicknamed Zhang Laogang ( zh, c=張老疙瘩, p=Zhāng Lǎo Gēda, labels=no) (March 19, 1875June 4, 1928) was a Chinese warlord who ruled Manchuria from 1916 to 1928 and led the Fengtian clique, one of the most powerful factions during the Warlord Era. In 1927, he became the leader of the Beiyang government and was declared Generalissimo of the Republic of China. Born to a poor peasant's family in Manchuria, Zhang became a prominent bandit in the region in the 1890s. After the Boxer Rebellion, his troops became a regiment of the Qing dynasty's army, and during the Russo-Japanese War, they were hired by the Japanese Army as mercenaries. During the 1911 Revolution, Zhang initially fought against the revolutionaries, and after the foundation of the Republic of China supported the Beiyang government. Zhang founded the Fengtian clique and gradually expanded his Northeastern Army, which established his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
