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Sincere Favorite Criterion
The sincere favorite or no favorite-betrayal criterion is a voting system criterion, property of some voting systems that says voters should have no incentive to vote for someone else over their favorite.Alex Small, “Geometric construction of voting methods that protect voters’ first choices,” arXiv:1008.4331 (August 22, 2010), http://arxiv.org/abs/1008.4331. It protects voters from having to engage in lesser-evil voting or a strategy called "decapitation" (removing the "head" off a ballot). Most rated voting systems, including score voting, satisfy the criterion. Duverger's law says that systems vulnerable to this strategy will typically (though not always) develop Two-party system, two-party systems, as voters will abandon minor-party candidates to support stronger major-party candidates. US Presidential elections The "sincere favorite criterion" suggests that a voter should always rank their sincere favorite candidate as their top choice, without strategizing based ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voting System Criterion
This article discusses the methods and results of comparing different electoral systems. There are two broad methods to compare voting systems: # Metrics of voter satisfaction, either through simulation or survey. # Adherence to logical criteria. Evaluation by metrics Models of the electoral process Voting methods can be evaluated by measuring their accuracy under random simulated elections aiming to be faithful to the properties of elections in real life. The first such evaluation was conducted by Chamberlin and Cohen in 1978, who measured the frequency with which certain non-Condorcet systems elected Condorcet winners. Condorcet jury model The Marquis de Condorcet viewed elections as analogous to jury votes where each member expresses an independent judgement on the quality of candidates. Candidates differ in terms of their objective merit, but voters have imperfect information about the relative merits of the candidates. Such jury models are sometimes known as valence models. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lesser Of Two Evils
The lesser of two evils principle, also referred to as the lesser evil principle and lesser-evilism, is the principle that when faced with selecting from two immoral options, the least immoral one should be chosen. The principle is most often invoked in reference to binary political choices under systems that make it impossible to express a sincere preference for one's favorite. Origin The maxim existed already in Platonic philosophy. In Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle writes: "For the lesser evil can be seen in comparison with the greater evil as a good, since this lesser evil is preferable to the greater one, and whatever preferable is good". The modern formulation was popularized by Thomas à Kempis' devotional book '' The Imitation of Christ'' written in early 15th century. In part IV of his ''Ethics'', Spinoza states the following maxim: In modern elections The concept of "lesser evil" voting (LEV) can be seen as a form of the minimax strategy ("minimize maximum los ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
