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Sikh Sect
Sikh sects, denominations, traditions, movements, sub-traditions, also known as ''Sampradaya, sampardai'' (Gurmukhi: ਸੰਪਰਦਾ; ''saparadā'') in the Punjabi language, are sub-traditions within Sikhism that with different approaches to practicing the religion. ''Sampradas'' believe in one God in Sikhism, God, typically rejecting both idol worship and castes. Different interpretations have emerged over time, some of which have a living teacher as the leader. The major traditions in Sikhism, says Harjot Oberoi, have included Udasi, Nirmala (sect), Nirmala, Nanakpanthi, Khalsa, Sahajdhari, Namdhari Kuka, Nirankari, and Sarvaria. During the persecution of Sikhs by Mughals, several splinter groups emerged, such as the Mina (Sikhism), Minas and Ramraiyas, during the period between the death of Guru Har Krishan and the establishment of Guru Tegh Bahadur as the ninth Sikh Guru. These sects have had considerable differences. Some of these sects were financially and administrative ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Portrait Photographs Of Sikh Men From Various Kinds, Appearances, And Sects Of Sikhism, From The 1930 First Edition Of Mahan Kosh
A portrait is a portrait painting, painting, portrait photography, photograph, sculpture, or other artistic representation of a person, in which the face is always predominant. In arts, a portrait may be represented as half body and even full body. If the subject in full body better represents personality and mood, this type of presentation may be chosen. The intent is to display the likeness, Personality type, personality, and even the mood of the person. For this reason, in photography a portrait is generally not a Snapshot (photography), snapshot, but a composed image of a person in a still position. A portrait often shows a person looking directly at the painter or photographer, to most successfully engage the subject with the viewer, but portrait may be represented as a profile (from aside) and 3/4. History Prehistorical portraiture Plastered human skulls were reconstructed human skulls that were made in the ancient Levant between 9000 and 6000 BC in the Pre-Pottery Ne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mina (Sikhism)
The Mīnās (Gurmukhi: ਮੀਣਾ; ''mīṇā'') were a heretical Sects of Sikhism, sect of Sikhs that followed Prithi Chand (1558–April 1618), the eldest son of Guru Ram Das, after his younger brother Guru Arjan was selected by the Guru to succeed him. Prithi Chand would vigorously contest this, attracting a portion of Sikhs to his side who followers of Guru Arjan referred to as ਮੀਣੇ ''mīṇe'', meaning "charlatans," "dissemblers," or "scoundrels." They sustained their opposition to the orthodox line of Gurus through the seventeenth century, and upon Guru Gobind Singh's founding of the Khalsa in 1699, they were declared by him, as well as by Khalsa ''rahitnamas'' (codes of conduct), as one of the ''Panj Mel'', or five reprobate groups, that a Sikh must avoid. They are occasionally referred to in the more neutral terms ''Sikhān dā chhotā mel'' ("those who remained with the true Guru lineage for a short time") or as the ''Miharvān sampraday'' (Gurmukhi: ਮਿਹਰ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Painting Of A Nanakpanthi Udasi, By Kapur Singh, Amritsar, Ca
Painting is a visual art, which is characterized by the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a solid surface (called "matrix" or "support"). The medium is commonly applied to the base with a brush. Other implements, such as palette knives, sponges, airbrushes, the artist's fingers, or even a dripping technique that uses gravity may be used. One who produces paintings is called a painter. In art, the term "painting" describes both the act and the result of the action (the final work is called "a painting"). The support for paintings includes such surfaces as walls, paper, canvas, wood, glass, lacquer, pottery, leaf, copper and concrete, and the painting may incorporate other materials, in single or multiple form, including sand, clay, paper, cardboard, newspaper, plaster, gold leaf, and even entire objects. Painting is an important form of visual art, bringing in elements such as drawing, composition, gesture, narration, and abstraction. Paintings can ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Damdami Taksal
The Damdamī Ṭaksāl, Jatha Bhindra(n), or Sects of Sikhism, Sampardai Bhindra(n) is an orthodoxy, orthodox Khalsa Sikhism, Sikh cultural and educational organization, based in India. They are known for their teachings of ''Vidya (philosophy), vidya'' as well as ''gurbani'' ''santhiya''. Its headquarters are located in the town of Mehta Chowk, approximately 40 km north of the city of Amritsar. It has been described as a seminary or “moving university” of the Sikh countryside. The Damdami Taksal borrows many foundational aspects from the Giani Samparda (headed by the Giani family), the Girivari Samparda, the Damdami Samparda, the Namdhari Samparda and the Dera Naurangabad. History In 1706, after the Battle of Muktsar, the Khalsa Fauj, Khalsa Army of Guru Gobind Singh camped at Sabo Ki Talwandi. This acted as a ''damdamā'', or halting place (lit. "breathing place"), and is now the site of Damdama Sahib, Takht Sri Damdamā Sahib. That year, Guru Gobind Singh is said ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sewapanthi
Sewapanthi ( Punjabi: ਸੇਵਾਪੰਥੀ; meaning "fellowship of service"), alternatively spelt as Sevapanthi, and also known as Addanshahi, is a traditional Sikh sect or order ('' samparda'') that was started by Bhai Kanhaiya, a personal follower of the ninth Sikh Guru, Guru Tegh Bahadur.Kaur, Sukhdeep. "THE NIRANKARI SECT IN THE 19 TH CENTURY." Kanhaiya was instructed by the Guru to go out and serve humanity, which he did by establishing a Dharmsala in the Attock district of Punjab and serving indiscriminately.Mahal, Ramandeep. "Bhai Kanhaiya ji: A Humanitarian Soul." Sewa Panthis are also known as 'Addan Shahis'. This name is derived from one of Bhai Kanhaiya's disciples, Addan Shah. History Guru Tegh Bahadur had a follower known as Kanhaiya Lal, a Dhamman (Dhiman) Khatri who was born in 1648, in a town called Sohadara, now in Pakistan. He became a drawer of water to the Guru's horses. The Guru gave Kanhaiya a seli topi as a reward. Once the 10th Guru, Guru Gobind Si ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nihang
The Nihang (also spelt as Nihung lit. "Crocodiles") or Akali (lit. "Immortals"), also known as '' Dal Khalsa'', is an armed Sikh warrior order originating in the Indian subcontinent. Nihangs are believed to have originated either from Fateh Singh and the attire he wore or from the " Akal Sena" (lit. Army of the Immortal) started by Guru Hargobind. Early Sikh military history was dominated by the Nihang, known for their victories where they were heavily outnumbered. Traditionally known for their bravery and ruthlessness in the battlefield, the Nihang once formed the irregular guerrilla squads of the armed forces of the Sikh Empire, the Sikh Khalsa Army. Etymology The word ''Nihang'' may come from the Persian word for a mythical sea creature (). The term owes its origin to Mughal historians, who compared the ferocity of the Akāli with that of crocodiles. The meaning of Akali in Sikhism however, is the immortal army of Akāl (God). According to Harjinder Singh Dilgeer, trac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sampradaya
''Sampradaya'' (/ səmpɾəd̪ɑjə/,; ), in Indian-origin religions, namely Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism, can be translated as 'tradition', 'spiritual lineage', 'sect', or 'religious system'. To ensure continuity and transmission of dharma, various ''sampradayas'' have the Guru-shishya parampara in which a parampara or lineage of successive ''gurus'' (masters) and '' shishyas'' (disciples) serves as a spiritual channel and provides a reliable network of relationships that lends stability to a religious identity. Shramana is vedic term for seeker or shishya. Identification with and followership of ''sampradayas'' is not static, as ''sampradayas'' allows flexibility where one can leave one ''sampradaya'' and enter another or practice religious syncretism by simultaneously following more than one ''sampradaya''. '' Samparda'' is a Punjabi language term, used in Sikhism, for ''sampradayas''. Guru-shishya parampara Sampradayas are living traditions of both teac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dera (organization)
A ''dera'' is a type of socio-religious organization in northern India. Jacob Copeman defines the ''deras'' as "monasteries or the extended residential sites of religious leaders; frequently just glossed as sect". Several ''deras'' started out as non-orthodox Sikh sects, and many of them are now centres of distinct non-Sikh religious movements. Many ''deras'' have attracted a large number of Dalits ( untouchables), who earlier converted to Sikhism to escape Hindu casteism, but felt socially excluded by the Jat Sikh dominated clerical establishment. History The word ''Dera'' derives from the Persian word ''Derah'' or ''Dirah'', which literally means a camp, abode, monastery or convent. The phenomenon of ''Dera'', as sectarian institution, is not new in Punjab and it is much older than Sikhism. ''Deras'' in Punjab, before the Sikhism, belonged to Sufi Pirs, Yogi Naths, and Sants of the Bhakti movement. In Punjab, the popularity of Sufi pirs, sants or their shrines can be seen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yogi Bhajan
Yogi Bhajan (born Harbhajan Singh Puri) (August 26, 1929 – October 6, 2004), also known as Siri Singh Sahib to his followers, was an American entrepreneur, yoga guru, and putative spiritual teacher. He introduced his version of Kundalini yoga to the United States. He was the spiritual director of the 3HO (Healthy, Happy, Holy Organization) foundation (and business ventures), with over 300 centers in 35 countries. He was accused of sexual abuse by several dozen of his female followers; an investigation called the Olive Branch Report found the allegations most likely true. Biography Early life Harbhajan Singh Khalsa was born on August 26, 1929 into a Sikh family in Kot Harkarn, Gujranwala district in the province of Punjab (now in Pakistan). His father, Dr. Kartar Singh Puri, served the British Raj as a medical doctor. His mother was named Harkrishan Kaur. His father was raised in the Sikh tradition and young Harbhajan was educated in a Catholic school run by nuns ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shiv Dayal Singh
Shiv Dayal Singh (25 August 1818 – 15 June 1878), known by the honorific "Param Purush Puran Dhani Huzur Soami Ji Maharaj" by his disciples and devotees, was an Indian spiritual guru and founder of Radha Soami, a 19th-century spiritual sect. Early life The parents of Shiv Dayal Singh were residents of Punjab, but moved to Agra before his birth at the behest of the colonial British government who had set up a major military center there and relied heavily on Sikhs from the Punjab region to staff the base. At the age of five, Shiv Dayal Singh was sent to school where he learnt Hindi, Urdu, Persian language, Persian and Gurumukhi, Arabic and Sanskrit. His father, Seth Dilwali Singh was a Sahejdhari Khatri. His mother's name was Mata Maha Maya. He had two brothers named Seth Partap Singh (alias Chachaji Saheb) and Seth Rai Bindraban. His marriage to Mata Naraini Devi (later called "Radha Ji" by followers and devotees), daughter of Lala Izzat Rai of Faridabad was arranged at an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radha Soami
Rādhā Soāmī Mat or Sant Mat is a sampradaya, spiritual tradition or faith founded by Shiv Dayal Singh in January 1861 on Basant Panchami Day in Agra, India. p. 90 note 5, Quote: "The date of Seth Shiv Dayal's first public discourse is Basant Panchami Day, February 15, 1861"., Quote: "The movement traces its origins to Seth Shiv Dayal Singh, who began his public ministry in Agra in 1861." Shiv Dayal Singh's parents were Vaishnavism, Vaishnava Hindus, followers of Guru Nanak of Sikhism, and were also followers of a spiritual guru from Hathras named Tulsi Sahib. Shiv Dayal Singh was influenced by the teachings of Tulsi Sahib, who taught Surat Shabd Yoga, Surat Shabd Yoga (which is defined by Radha Soami teachers as “union of the soul with the divine, inner sound”); guru bhakti (“devotion to the master”); and high moral living, including a strict lacto-vegetarian diet. Shiv Dayal Singh frequently accompanied Tulsi Saheb, but did not take initiation from him. The movem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mughal Empire
The Mughal Empire was an Early modern period, early modern empire in South Asia. At its peak, the empire stretched from the outer fringes of the Indus River Basin in the west, northern Afghanistan in the northwest, and Kashmir in the north, to the highlands of present-day Assam and Bangladesh in the east, and the uplands of the Deccan Plateau in South India.. Quote: "The realm so defined and governed was a vast territory of some , ranging from the frontier with Central Asia in northern Afghanistan to the northern uplands of the Deccan plateau, and from the Indus basin on the west to the Assamese highlands in the east." The Mughal Empire is conventionally said to have been founded in 1526 by Babur, a Tribal chief, chieftain from what is today Uzbekistan, who employed aid from the neighboring Safavid Iran, Safavid and Ottoman Empires Quote: "Babur then adroitly gave the Ottomans his promise not to attack them in return for their military aid, which he received in the form of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
