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Signare
Signares were the Mulatto French-African women of the island of Gorée and the city of Saint-Louis in French Senegal during the 18th and 19th centuries. These women of color managed to gain some individual assets, status, and power in the hierarchies of the Atlantic Slave Trade. There was a Portuguese equivalent, referred to as ''Nhara'', a name for Luso-African businesswomen who played an important part as business agents through their connections with both Portuguese and African populations. There was also an English language equivalent of women of mixed African and British- or American descent with the same position, such as Fenda Lawrence, Betsy Heard, Mary Faber and Elizabeth Frazer Skelton. Social and economic role Signares commonly had power in networks of trade and wealth within the limitations of slavery. The influence held by these women led to changes in gender roles in the family structure archetype. Some owned masses of land as well as slaves. European mercha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anne Pépin
Anne Pépin (1747–1837) was an Afro-French signara. She belonged to the more famous of the so-called signare on the island Gorée in French Senegal, and was known for her relationship with the then governor Stanislas de Boufflers. She was a leading person in the signare community and one of their most known historical representatives. Life Anne Pépin was the daughter of the signara Catherine Baudet and the Frenchman Jean Pépin, surgeon of the French East Indies Companie, and the sister of Jean Pepin and the trader Nicolas Pepin. Her brother Nicolas was a leading figure of the island and often as the spokesperson of Gorée in their dealings with the French authorities. It is noted that while Nicolas was literate, Anne was not, albeit her belonged to a very privileged class. She married the Frenchman Bernard Dupuy, with whom she had the son Renée Dupy in 1774; her spouse left the island during the yellow fever outbreak in 1779. As was the custom in Gorée, she did not take ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gorée
(; "Gorée Island"; Wolof: Beer Dun) is one of the 19 (i.e. districts) of the city of Dakar, Senegal. It is an island located at sea from the main harbour of Dakar (), famous as a destination for people interested in the Atlantic slave trade although its actual role in the history of the slave trade is the subject of dispute. Its population as of the 2013 census was 1,680 inhabitants, giving a density of , which is only half the average density of the city of Dakar. Gorée is both the smallest and the least populated of the 19 of Dakar. Other important centres for the slave trade from Senegal were further north, at Saint-Louis, Senegal, or to the south in the Gambia, at the mouths of major rivers for trade.''Les Guides Bleus: Afrique de l'Ouest'' (1958 ed.), p. 123 It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and was one of the first 12 locations in the world to be designated as such in 1978. The name is a corruption of its original Dutch name , meaning "good roadstead". History an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anna Colas Pépin
Anna Colas Pépin or ''Anne-Nicolas "Annacolas" Pépin'' (1787–1872), was a Euro-African ''signare'' businesswoman.Lorelle Semley, To be Free and French: Citizenship in France's Atlantic Empire' She belongs to the most famous examples of the signares of Gorée, but has often been confused with her paternal aunt Anne Pépin. She was the daughter of Nicolas Pépin (1744–1815) and Marie-Thérèse Picard (d. 1790), married François de Saint-Jean and became the mother of Mary de Saint Jean (1815–1853), wife of the first Senegalese member of the French Parliament, Barthélémy Durand Valantin (1806–1864): the famous painting made by Édouard Auguste Nousveaux Édouard Auguste Nousveaux (4 September 1811, Paris - 1867, Paris) was a French landscape painter and watercolorist. He is best known for the works he created after participating in an expedition to Senegal; many of which were used in books and ... could depict either Anna Colas Pépin or her daughter. Pépin was d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plaçage
Plaçage was a recognized extralegal system in French and Spanish slave colonies of North America (including the Caribbean) by which ethnic European men entered into civil unions with non-Europeans of African, Native American and mixed-race descent. The term comes from the French ''placer'' meaning "to place with". The women were not legally recognized as wives but were known as ''placées''; their relationships were recognized among the free people of color as ''mariages de la main gauche'' or left-handed marriages. They became institutionalized with contracts or negotiations that settled property on the woman and her children and, in some cases, gave them freedom if they were enslaved. The system flourished throughout the French and Spanish colonial periods, reaching its zenith during the latter, between 1769 and 1803. It was widely practiced in New Orleans, where planter society had created enough wealth to support the system. It also took place in the Latin-influenced cities ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Victoria Albis
Victoria Albis (d. ''after'' 1777), was a Senegalese signara. Gorée: the island and the Historical Museum. Abdoulaye Camara, Institut fondamental d'Afrique noire Cheikh Anta Diop, Joseph-Roger de Benoist, Musée historique du Sénégal.IFAN-Cheikh Anta Diop, 1993 She belonged to the most famous of the signaras on the island of Gorée in French Senegal. She was one of the most powerful business people in contemporary Senegal. The present Henriette-Bathily Women's Museum The Henriette-Bathily Women's Museum (in French: ''Musée de la Femme Henriette-Bathily'') is a museum which was located on Gorée, an island on the coast of Senegal, across from the House of Slaves museum. In May 2015, it moved to Dakar, at the ... was built by her. Notes Sources * Gorée: the island and the Historical Museum. Abdoulaye Camara, Institut fondamental d'Afrique noire Cheikh Anta Diop, Joseph-Roger de Benoist, Musée historique du Sénégal.IFAN-Cheikh Anta Diop, 1993 * Globalizing the Postco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cassare ''Cassare'' or ''calissare'' (from Portuguese ''casar'', "to marry") was the term applied to the marriage alliances, largely in West Africa, set up between European and African slave traders; the "husband" was European and the wife/ concubine African. This was not marriage under Christian auspices, although there might be an African ceremony; there were few clerics in equatorial Africa, and the "wives" could not marry since they had not been baptized. Male monogamy was not expected. As such, concubinage is a more accurate term. The multinational Quaker slave trader and polygamist, Zephaniah Kingsley purchased the Wolof princess, Anna Kingsley, who had earlier been enslaved and sold in Cuba, after being captured in modern-day Senegal. ''Cassare'' created political and economic bonds. The name is European, and reflects similar relationships of Portuguese men, who were the first explorers of the west African coast. But it antedated European contact; selling a daughter, if not f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] < |
