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Sigma Male
''Alpha male'' and ''beta male'' are terms for men derived from the designations of alpha and beta animals in ethology. They may also be used with other genders, such as women, or additionally use other letters of the Greek alphabet (such as sigma). The popularization of these terms to describe humans has been widely criticized by scientists. Both terms have been frequently used in internet memes. The term ''beta'' is used as a pejorative self-identifier among some members of the manosphere, particularly incels, who do not believe they are assertive and/or traditionally masculine, and feel overlooked by women. It is also used to negatively describe other men who are not deemed to be assertive, particularly with women. In internet culture, the term ''sigma male'' is also frequently used, gaining popularity in the late 2010s, but has since been used jokingly, often being used with ''incel''. History The terms were used almost solely in animal ethology prior to the 1990s, partic ...
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Alpha (ethology)
In the zoological field of ethology, a dominance hierarchy (formerly and colloquially called a pecking order) is a type of social hierarchy that arises when members of animal social groups interact, creating a ranking system. Different types of interactions can result in dominance depending on the species, including ritualized displays of aggression or direct physical violence. In social living groups, members are likely to compete for access to limited resources and mating opportunities. Rather than fighting each time they meet, individuals of the same sex establish a relative rank, with higher-ranking individuals often gaining more access to resources and mates. Based on repetitive interactions, a social order is created that is subject to change each time a dominant animal is challenged by a subordinate one. Definitions Dominance is an individual's preferential access to resources over another based on coercive capacity based on strength, threat, and intimidation, com ...
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Frans De Waal
Franciscus Bernardus Maria de Waal (29 October 1948 – 14 March 2024) was a Dutch-American primatologist and ethologist. He was the Charles Howard Candler Professor of Primate Behavior in the Department of Psychology at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, director of the Living Links Center at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center at Emory, and author of numerous books including ''Chimpanzee Politics'' (1982) and ''Our Inner Ape'' (2005). His research centered on primate social behavior, including conflict resolution, cooperation, inequity aversion, and food-sharing. He was a member of the United States National Academy of Sciences and the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. Early life and education De Waal was born in 's-Hertogenbosch on 29 October 1948, to Jo and Cis de Waal. He grew up with five brothers in Waalwijk. He studied at Radboud University Nijmegen, University of Groningen, and Utrecht University in the Netherlands. In 1977, De Waal ...
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Greater Good Magazine
The Greater Good Science Center (GGSC) is a research center located at the University of California, Berkeley. Introduction The center was founded by Dacher Keltner in 2001, with a donation from UC Berkeley alumni Thomas and Ruth Hornaday following the death of their daughter from cancer. Based at the University of California, Berkeley, it sponsors scientific research into social and emotional well-being. The center draws upon academic fields such as psychology, sociology, education, economics, and neuroscience in its research. It publishes an online magazine, Greater Good; a podcast, The Science of Happiness; the Greater Good in Action website; and classes and events. Podcasts and print magazine The center produces the podcast ''The Science of Happiness''. ''Greater Good'' magazine (; 2004–2009) was a quarterly magazine published by the center, edited by Dacher Keltner, of the University of California, Berkeley, and journalist Jason Marsh. The magazine highlighted scientifi ...
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MedPage Today
MedPage Today is a medical news-focused site owned by Ziff-Davis, LLC. It is based in New York City, and is geared primarily toward medical and health professionals. History The news service MedPage Today was founded by Robert S. Stern in March 2005. In January 2010, the organization was provided approval for offering American Academy of Family Physicians-accredited CME credits in collaboration with the Office of Continuing Medical Education at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. In December 2010, the organization was acquired by Everyday Health, a subsidiary of Ziff-Davis. In July 2011, MedPage Today announced a collaboration with the American Heart Association for a daily email newsletter named ''Cardiovascular Daily''. In June 2017, MedPage Today started to collaborate with the Endocrine Society on a "Reading Room" combining articles from the two organizations. MedPage has won several Platinum eHealthcare Leadership Award multiple times in different categor ...
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Bullying
Bullying is the use of force, coercion, Suffering, hurtful teasing, comments, or threats, in order to abuse, aggression, aggressively wikt:domination, dominate, or intimidate one or more others. The behavior is often repeated and habitual. One essential prerequisite is the perception (by the bully or by others) that an imbalance of physical or Power (social and political), social power exists or is currently present. This perceived presence of physical or Social relation, social imbalance is what distinguishes the behavior from being interpreted or perceived as ''bullying'' from instead being interpreted or perceived as ''Conflict (process), conflict''. Bullying is a subcategory of aggressive behavior characterized by hostility, hostile intent, the goal (whether consciously or subconsciously) of addressing or attempting to Abusive power and control, "fix" the imbalance of power, as well as repetition over a period of time. Bullying can be performed individually or by a group ...
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Pickup Artist
Pickup artists (PUA) are people whose goals are seduction and sexual success. Predominantly heterosexual men, they often self-identify as the seduction community or the pickup community. This community exists through various channels, including internet newsletters, blogs, seminars and one-on-one coaching, forums, groups, and local clubs known as "lairs". The rise of "seduction science", "game", or "studied charisma" has been attributed to modern forms of dating and social norms between sexes which have developed from a perceived increase in the equality of women in Western society and changes to traditional gender roles. Commentators in the media have described "game" as harassing, as well as sexist or misogynistic. History Modern pickup artist practices have been traced to the 1967 publication of ''The Art of Erotic Seduction'' by rational emotive psychotherapist Albert Ellis and Roger Conway and the 1970 publication of ''How to Pick Up Girls!'' by Eric Weber. These how- ...
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Neil Strauss
Neil Darrow Strauss (born March 9, 1969), also known by the pen names Style and Chris Powles, is an American author and journalist. His book ''The Game: Penetrating the Secret Society of Pickup Artists'', describes his experiences in the seduction community in an effort to become a "pickup artist". He is a contributing editor at ''Rolling Stone'' and also wrote regularly for ''The New York Times''. Early life and education Strauss was born in Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, on March 9, 1969. After graduating from high school at the Latin School of Chicago in 1987, Strauss attended Vassar College, then transferred toDoreian, Robyn (March 28, 2011)"Regrets of a pick-up artist" ''The Age''. and subsequently graduated in psychology from Columbia University in 1991. While in school he began his career writing for ''Ear'', an avant-garde magazine, and editing his first book, ''Radiotext(e)'', an anthology of radio-related writings for the postmodern publisher Semiotext(e). He moved on to ...
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Al Gore
Albert Arnold Gore Jr. (born March 31, 1948) is an American former politician, businessman, and environmentalist who served as the 45th vice president of the United States from 1993 to 2001 under President Bill Clinton. He previously served as a United States senator from 1985 to 1993 and as a member of the United States House of Representatives, U.S. House of Representatives from 1977 to 1985, in which he represented Tennessee. Gore was the Democratic Party (United States), Democratic List of United States Democratic Party presidential tickets, nominee for president of the United States in the 2000 United States presidential election, 2000 presidential election, which he lost to George W. Bush despite winning the Direct election, popular vote. The son of politician Albert Gore Sr., Gore was an elected official for 24 years. He was a United States House of Representatives, U.S. representative from Tennessee (1977–1985) and, from 1985 to 1993, served as a United States Senate, ...
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Naomi Wolf
Naomi Rebekah Wolf (born 1962) is an American feminist author, journalist, and conspiracy theorist. After the 1991 publication of her first book, '' The Beauty Myth'', Wolf became a prominent figure in the third wave of the feminist movement. Feminists including Gloria Steinem and Betty Friedan praised her work. Others, including Camille Paglia, criticized it. In the 1990s, Wolf was a political advisor to the presidential campaigns of Bill Clinton and Al Gore. Wolf's later books include the bestseller '' The End of America'' in 2007 and '' Vagina: A New Biography''. Critics have challenged the quality and accuracy of her books' scholarship; her serious misreading of court records for ''Outrages'' (2019) led to its U.S. publication being canceled. Wolf's career in journalism has included topics such as abortion and the Occupy Wall Street movement in articles for media outlets such as ''The Nation'', ''The New Republic'', ''The Guardian'', and ''The Huffington Post''. Since ...
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Time (magazine)
''Time'' (stylized in all caps as ''TIME'') is an American news magazine based in New York City. It was published Weekly newspaper, weekly for nearly a century. Starting in March 2020, it transitioned to every other week. It was first published in New York City on March 3, 1923, and for many years it was run by its influential co-founder, Henry Luce. A European edition (''Time Europe'', formerly known as ''Time Atlantic'') is published in London and also covers the Middle East, Africa, and, since 2003, Latin America. An Asian edition (''Time Asia'') is based in Hong Kong. The South Pacific edition, which covers Australia, New Zealand, and the Pacific Islands, is based in Sydney. Since 2018, ''Time'' has been owned by Salesforce founder Marc Benioff, who acquired it from Meredith Corporation. Benioff currently publishes the magazine through the company Time USA, LLC. History 20th century ''Time'' has been based in New York City since its first issue published on March 3, 1923 ...
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New York (magazine)
''New York'' is an American biweekly magazine concerned with life, culture, politics, and style generally, with a particular emphasis on New York City. Founded by Clay Felker and Milton Glaser in 1968 as a competitor to ''The New Yorker'' and ''The New York Times Magazine'', it was brasher in voice and more connected to contemporary city life and commerce, and became a cradle of New Journalism. Over time, it became more national in scope, publishing many noteworthy articles about American culture by writers such as Tom Wolfe, Jimmy Breslin, Nora Ephron, Pete Hamill, Jacob Weisberg, Michael Wolff (journalist), Michael Wolff, John Heilemann, Frank Rich, and Rebecca Traister. It was among the first "lifestyle magazines" meant to appeal to both male and female audiences, and its format and style have been emulated by many American regional and city publications. ''New York'' in its earliest days focused almost entirely on coverage of its namesake city, but beginning in the 1970s, ...
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