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Shiledar
Shiledar was a term used for a soldier's position in India's Maratha Confederacy (1630–1818), particularly during the reign of Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. The word ''shiledar'' means "a soldier who possesses his own sword and horse for taking active part in war"... During Shivaji's rule, the Maratha army possessed many shiledars who mainly came from the "96 clans, 5 clans and 7 clans of the Maratha clan system. Due to their prominence they used to play active parts in the war held between Marathas and their enemies. These shiledar, according to their deeds were identified as Subahdar Subahdar, also known as Nazim, was one of the designations of a governor of a Subah (province) during the Khalji dynasty of Bengal, Mamluk dynasty, Khalji dynasty, Tughlaq dynasty, and the Mughal era who was alternately designated as Sahib- ..., Panch Hajari, Havadar, Vatandar etc. "Shiledar" became a surname in and after the fall of the Maratha Confederacy. After that, "Shiledar" become ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Silladar Cavalry
The Silladar Cavalry, also known as the Risalah, was a term describing a mounted force of irregular cavalry regiments at times in Indian history. Silladar means “bearer of arms” in Persian and was given to native cavalrymen (sowars) of irregular regiments. A recruit or "Khudaspa" was supposed to provide his own mount and weapons as well as stabling attendant, forage, tent and clothing. It was opposed to having them provided for them by any local or central group or command. They were recruited from local dominant landowning clans, who were cultivators and who traditionally owned weapons and provided military service to local feudal chiefs. The irregular cavalry regiments were almost entirely composed of Muslims, because "the Hindoos are not, generally speaking, as disposed as the Mahomedans to the duties of a trooper." East India Company and British Raj The end of Muslim rule saw a large number of unemployed Muslim horsemen, who were employed in the army of the EIC. British ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maratha Empire
The Maratha Empire, also referred to as the Maratha Confederacy, was an early modern India, early modern polity in the Indian subcontinent. It comprised the realms of the Peshwa and four major independent List of Maratha dynasties and states, Maratha states under the nominal leadership of the former. The Marathas were a Marathi language, Marathi-speaking peasantry group from the western Deccan Plateau (present-day Maharashtra) that rose to prominence under leadership of Shivaji (17th century), who revolted against the Bijapur Sultanate and the Mughal Empire for establishing "Hindavi Swarajya" (). The religious attitude of Aurangzeb, Emperor Aurangzeb estranged Kafir, non-Muslims, and the Deccan wars, Maratha insurgency came at a great cost for his men and treasury. The Maratha government also included warriors, administrators, and other nobles from other Marathi people, Marathi groups. Shivaji's monarchy, referred to as the Maratha Kingdom, expanded into a large realm in the 18th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj
Shivaji I (Shivaji Shahaji Bhonsale, ; 19 February 1630 – 3 April 1680) was an Indian ruler and a member of the Bhonsle dynasty. Shivaji carved out his own independent kingdom from the Sultanate of Bijapur that formed the genesis of the Maratha Empire. In 1674, he was formally crowned the '' Chhatrapati'' of his realm at Raigad Fort. Shivaji offered passage and his service to the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb to invade the declining Sultanate of Bijapur. After Aurangzeb's departure for the north due to a war of succession, Shivaji conquered territories ceded by Bijapur in the name of the Mughals. Following his defeat at the hands of Jai Singh I, the senior most general (" Mirza Raja") of the Mughal Empire, in the Battle of Purandar, Shivaji entered into vassalage with the Mughal empire, assuming the role of a Mughal chief and was conferred with the title of ''Raja'' by Aurangzeb. He undertook military expeditions on behalf of the Mughal Empire for a brief duration. Over t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Warhorse
The first evidence of horses in warfare dates from Eurasia between 4000 and 3000 BC. A Sumerian illustration of warfare from 2500 BC depicts some type of equine pulling wagons. By 1600 BC, improved harness and chariot designs made chariot warfare common throughout the Ancient Near East, and the earliest written training manual for war horses was a guide for training chariot horses written about 1350 BC. As formal cavalry tactics replaced the chariot, so did new training methods, and by 360 BC, the Greek cavalry officer Xenophon had written an extensive treatise on horsemanship. The effectiveness of horses in battle was also revolutionized by improvements in technology, such as the invention of the saddle, the stirrup, and the horse collar. Many different types and sizes of horses were used in war, depending on the form of warfare. The type used varied with whether the horse was being ridden or driven, and whether they were being used for reconnais ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maratha Clan System
The Maratha Clan System (also referred to as Shahannava Kuli Marathas, 96 Kuli Marathas) refers to the 96 Maratha (caste), Maratha clans. The clans together form the Maratha caste of India. These Marathas primarily reside in the Indian state of Maharashtra, with smaller regional populations in other states. Origin The 96 clans that the Maratha (caste), Maratha caste is divided into were originally formed in the earlier centuries from the amalgamation of families from the (Kunbi), shepherd (Dhangar), pastoral (Gavli), blacksmith (Lohar (caste), Lohar), carpenter (Sutar), Bhandari caste, Bhandari and Thakar (caste), Thakar castes in Maharashtra. The 96 kul(clans) and genealogies were fabricated after they gained political prominence. These clans were flexible enough that most of the Kunbi population got absorbed into these clans even in the 20th century. Thus, due to the mainly peasant origin, the claim of the 96 clans to the Kshatriya ritual status in the Varna (Hinduism), H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Subahdar
Subahdar, also known as Nazim, was one of the designations of a governor of a Subah (province) during the Khalji dynasty of Bengal, Mamluk dynasty, Khalji dynasty, Tughlaq dynasty, and the Mughal era who was alternately designated as Sahib-i-Subah or Nazim. The word, ''Subahdar'' is of Persian origin. The Subahdar was the head of the Mughal provincial administration. He was assisted by the provincial ''Diwan'', '' Bakhshi'', '' Faujdar'', '' Kotwal'', '' Qazi'', ''Sadr'', ''Waqa-i-Navis'', ''Qanungo'' and '' Patwari''. The Subahdars were normally appointed from among the Mughal princes or the officers holding the highest ''mansabs'' (ranks). Nazim A ''nazim'' (, ; from the Arabic word for "organizer" or "convenor"), similar to a mayor, was the coordinator of cities and towns in Pakistan. Nazim is the title in Urdu of the chief elected official of a local government in Pakistan, such as a district, tehsil, union council, or village council. Likewise, a deputy mayor is kno ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Havildar
Havildar or havaldar ( Hindustani: or (Devanagari), (Perso-Arabic)) is a rank in the Indian and Pakistani armies, equivalent to sergeant. It is not used in cavalry and armoured units, where the equivalent is daffadar. Like a British sergeant, a havildar wears three rank chevrons. History "Havildar" is a Persian word in origin and means "person in charge", or more loosely "chief", from the Arabic ("charge", "responsibility") and the Persian (dâr, "holder"). Historically, a havildar was a senior commander, being in charge of a fort during the times of the Mughal Empire. It was used as the equivalent of a sergeant in the British Indian Army, which has led to its current usage. Appointments Indian Army Havildars could be further appointed to positions of higher authority. The appointments of company quartermaster havildar and company havildar major existed in the British Indian Army. Historically, the two senior-most havildars of a company became the CQMH and the CHM. How ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
