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Shi Le
Shi Le (; 274 –17 August 333), courtesy name Shilong, also known by his posthumous name as the Emperor Ming of Later Zhao, was the founding emperor of the Jie-led Later Zhao dynasty of China. He was initially sold as a slave by Western Jin officials, but after attaining freedom, he helped start a rebellion and eventually became a powerful general for the Han-Zhao dynasty, conquering most of northern China in Han-Zhao's name but holding the territory under his own control. In 319, after a dispute with the Han-Zhao emperor Liu Yao, he broke away from Han and formed his own state, Later Zhao (named as such due to Liu Yao changing his state's name from Han to Zhao, which is distinguished as the Former Zhao). In 321, he defeated Duan Pidi, the last remaining Jin power in northern China besides Murong Hui, and in 329 he captured Liu Yao and conquered the Han-Zhao, adding western China to his empire as well. For the next 21 years, the Later Zhao would dominate northern China. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shí (surname)
Shí ( �ɻ̩̌ or Shih is the romanization of the Chinese surname . It means "stone." It was one of the "Nine Sogdian Surnames." A 2013 study found it was the 63rd most common surname, shared by 4,550,000 people or 0.340% of the population, with Henan being the province with the most people. It should not be confused with Shí (surname 時), a rarer surname meaning "time." Romanisation variation Due to the use of different romanisation systems over time, different Romanised variants of the surname are used. Notable people * Domee Shi (石之予, ''Shí Zhīyǔ''), Chinese-born Canadian animator, director and screenwriter * Jenny Cheok Cheng Kid (石清菊 shí qīngjǘ), Singaporean bar waitress and murder victim * Howard S.H. Shyr (石世豪), Chairperson of National Communications Commission of the Republic of China (2012–2016) * Jeffrey "Trump" Shih (石謙和), American ''Hearthstone'' player * Shi Feng (石峰), Chinese swimmer, who competed for China at the 2008 S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liu Yao
Liu Yao (died 329), courtesy name Yongming, was the final emperor of the Xiongnu-led Han-Zhao dynasty of China. He became emperor in 318 after most other members of the imperial Liu clan were massacred by Jin Zhun in a coup. However, the empire was soon divided in half, as the general Shi Le declared independence and established the Later Zhao dynasty. In a decisive battle in early 329, Shi captured and executed him, and while his sons Liu Xi the Crown Prince and Liu Yin the Prince of Nanyang continued to hold out for nearly a year, the Han-Zhao state fell later that year. Early life Liu Yao's father Liu Lü (劉綠) died early, and he was raised by Liu Lü's cousin Liu Yuan. When he was young, Liu Yuan became impressed with his intelligence and strength. As he grew, he became known for his archery skills and his studiousness—although his studies were described to be surveys rather than careful readings, except for books on military strategy, which he spent much of h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ji Sang
Ji Sang (280s - 11 January 308) was a Chinese rebel of the Western Jin dynasty. During his days as a shepherd, he befriended a Jie slave whom he would name Shi Le (the future Emperor Ming of Later Zhao). The two raised a personal army and later joined Sima Ying's retainer, Gongshi Fan (公師藩), who rose up to avenge the prince after his removal. Following Gongshi Fan's death, Ji Sang and Shi Le continued on their own, sacking the city of Ye in the process. They were finally defeated by the Jin general Gou Xi, and Ji Sang was assassinated by the Qihuo in 308. Life Ji Sang was either from Beiqiu County (southeast of present-day Boxing County, Shandong) in Qinghe Commandery or Yangping Commandery (陽平; present-day Qingfeng County, Henan). Then in his 20s, he was widely admired at the time for his strengths, as it was said he was capable of lifting extremely heavy weights and his breathing could be heard from great distances. He worked in a group of horse shepherds tha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hu (people)
Hu (; IPA: ) also Huren (胡人, "Hu people") or Huzu (胡族, "Hu tribes"), was a rather vague term to designate ancient groups of people, namely populations beyond the Central Plains, generally to the north and west of the Huaxia ''Huaxia'' is a historical concept representing the Chinese nation, and came from the self-awareness of a common cultural ancestry by ancestral populations of the Han people. Etymology The earliest extant authentic attestation of the ''H ... realm. The Hu were usually horse-mounted nomads. According to Hill (2009): Ancient Chinese dynasties such as the Shang dynasty and Zhou dynasty, into the Spring and Autumn period, recount of numerous encounters with the nomadic tribes of the northern steppes and other alien tribes. At that time, the preferred term to designate them was the "Four Barbarians" ( zh, c=四夷, p=sìyí), each was named for a cardinal direction: the ''Dongyi'' (東夷, "Eastern Barbarians"), ''Nanman'' (南蠻, "Southern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emperor Hui Of Jin
Emperor Hui of Jin (; 259 – January 8, 307), personal name Sima Zhong (司馬衷), courtesy name Zhengdu (正度), was the second emperor of the Western Jin dynasty. Emperor Hui was a developmentally disabled ruler, and throughout his reign, there was constant internecine fighting between regents, imperial princes (his uncles, half-brothers and cousins), and his wife Empress Jia Nanfeng for the right to control him (and therefore the imperial administration), causing great suffering for the people and greatly undermining the stability of the Western Jin dynasty, eventually leading to rebellions of the Five Barbarians that led to Jin's loss of northern and central China and the establishment of the competing Sixteen Kingdoms. He was briefly deposed by his granduncle Sima Lun, who usurped the throne himself, in February 301, but later that year was restored to the throne and continued to be the emperor until January 307, when he was poisoned, likely by his last regent Sima Yue ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jinzhong
Jinzhong, formerly Yuci, is a prefecture-level city in east central Shanxi province of the People's Republic of China, bordering Hebei province to the east. As of the 2020 census, its total population was 3,379,498 inhabitants of whom 1,226,617 lived in the Yuci and Taigu urban districts. However, 5,433,659 lived in the built-up (or metro) area of Taiyuan - Jinzhong made of Yuci district plus the 6 Taiyuan urban districts, largely conurbated. History Lingshi County was the location of the Nanshan Colliery disaster. In 1999, the area was considered sufficiently urbanized that Jinzhong Prefecture became a prefecture-level city, with its former seat at Yuci becoming its county-level Yuci District. Administrative divisions Jinzhong is divided into the following county-level subdivisions: Climate Jinzhong has a continental, monsoon-influenced semi-arid climate (Köppen ''BSk''), with cold and very dry winters, and hot, humid summers. The monthly 24-hour average temperatu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shanxi
Shanxi; Chinese postal romanization, formerly romanised as Shansi is a Provinces of China, province in North China. Its capital and largest city of the province is Taiyuan, while its next most populated prefecture-level cities are Changzhi and Datong. Its one-character abbreviation is (), after the Jin (Chinese state), state of Jin that existed there during the Spring and Autumn period (). The name ''Shanxi'' means 'west of the mountains', a reference to its location west of the Taihang Mountains. Shanxi borders Hebei to the east, Henan to the south, Shaanxi to the west and Inner Mongolia to the north. Shanxi's terrain is characterised by a plateau bounded partly by mountain ranges. Shanxi's culture is largely dominated by the ethnic Han Chinese, Han majority, who make up over 99% of its population. Jin Chinese is considered by some linguists to be a distinct language from Mandarin and its geographical range covers most of Shanxi. Both Jin and Mandarin are spoken in Shanxi. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bing Province
Bingzhou, or Bing Province, was a location in ancient China. According to legend, when Yu the Great (–2100 BC) tamed the flood, he divided the land of China into the Nine Provinces. Historical texts such as the ''Rites of Zhou'', and "Treatise on Geography" section (volume 28) of the ''Book of Han'', recorded that Bingzhou was one of the Nine Provinces. Bingzhou covered roughly the areas around present-day Baoding, Hebei, and Taiyuan and Datong in Shanxi. History Han dynasty and earlier Since the fifth century BC Bingzhou had been separated from the Ordos Desert repeatedly by a series of walls that would form the Great Wall of China. In 106 BC, during the Western Han dynasty (206 BC – 9 AD), Emperor Wu divided the Han Empire into thirteen administrative divisions, of which Bingzhou was one. Bingzhou covered most of present-day Shanxi and parts of Hebei and Inner Mongolia. During the Eastern Han dynasty (25–220) Bingzhou's capital was designated in Jinyang County (晉陽 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jie (ethnic Group)
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Jie or JIE may refer to: * Jie of Xia, last ruler of the Xia dynasty of China * Jie Zhitui or Zitui (7th centuryBC), a famed minister of Zhou dynasty * Jie people, tribe in the Xiongnu Confederation in the 4th and 5th centuries * Jie (Uganda), an ethnic group of Ugandan pastoralists * Jiye/Jie, an ethnic group in Eastern Equatoria state, South Sudan * Jiedao, subdistrict, an administrative division in China * Yu Jie, Chinese author * ''Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics'' (''JIE'') * ''Journées Information Eaux'' (JIE), a French congress about water * Mispronunciation of Xie (surname 解) Xiè is the pinyin romanization of the surname 解. The character 解 is also pronounced "Jiě". A 2013 study found that it was the 182nd-most common surname, shred by 710,000 people or 0.053% of the population, with Shandong being the province wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fotudeng
Fotu Cheng (Sanskrit: ''Buddhacinga?''; ) (ca. 232–348 CEBuswell, Robert. Lopez, Donald. ''The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism.'' 2013. p. 304) was a Buddhist monk and missionary from Kucha. He studied in Kashmir and came to Luoyang in 310 CE, and was active in the spread of Buddhism in China. Life Early life Fotu Cheng came from Kucha in Central Asia to China in 310 CE and propagated Buddhism widely. He is said to have demonstrated many spiritual powers and was able to convert the warlords in this region of China over to Buddhism. He succeeded in converting the Jie warlord Shi Le and became his closest advisor as he founded the Later Zhao dynasty in 319 CE. Fotu Cheng uttered the only phrase that reached us in the Jie language, cited in connection with Shi Le's successful war against Liu Yao of Former Zhao in 328 CE, and recorded in the Chinese annals in Chinese transcription with a Chinese translation. This phrase was analyzed in several publications. As a teacher of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kucha
Kucha or Kuche (also: ''Kuçar'', ''Kuchar''; , Кучар; zh, t= 龜茲, p=Qiūcí, zh, t= 庫車, p=Kùchē; ) was an ancient Buddhist kingdom located on the branch of the Silk Road that ran along the northern edge of what is now the Taklamakan Desert in the Tarim Basin and south of the Muzat River. The former area of Kucha now lies in present-day Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang, China. Kuqa town is the county seat of Aksu Prefecture's Kuqa County. Its population was given as 74,632 in 1990. Etymology The history of toponyms for modern Kucha remains somewhat problematic; however, it is clear that Kucha (''Kuchar'', in Turkic languages) and ''Kuché'' (modern Chinese)Elias (1895): ''The Tarikh-i-Rashidi of Mirza Muhammad Haidar, Dughlát: A History of the Moghuls of Central Asia. An English Version Edited, with Commentary, Notes, and Map by N. Elias''. Translation by E. Denison Ross. London. Sampson, Low, Marston and Company Ltd.), p. 124, n. 1., ''et passim'' both co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buddhism
Buddhism, also known as Buddhadharma and Dharmavinaya, is an Indian religion and List of philosophies, philosophical tradition based on Pre-sectarian Buddhism, teachings attributed to the Buddha, a wandering teacher who lived in the 6th or 5th century Before the Common Era, BCE. It is the Major religious groups, world's fourth-largest religion, with about 500 million followers, known as Buddhists, who comprise four percent of the global population. It arose in the eastern Gangetic plain as a movement in the 5th century BCE, and gradually spread throughout much of Asia. Buddhism has subsequently played a major role in Asian culture and spirituality, eventually spreading to Western world, the West in the 20th century. According to tradition, the Buddha instructed his followers in a path of bhavana, development which leads to Enlightenment in Buddhism, awakening and moksha, full liberation from ''Duḥkha, dukkha'' (). He regarded this path as a Middle Way between extremes su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
