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Shai (Haganah Unit)
Shai (, an acronym for ''Sherut Yediot'' (), lit. ''Information Service''), established in 1940, was the intelligence and counter-espionage arm of the Haganah and the forebear of the Military Intelligence Directorate in Mandate Palestine. History During the Second World War, the British Special Operations Executive supplied the Haganah with weapons, training and funding, and the Haganah provided linguistic experts and operatives. The British provided commando training for special operations to both Shai operatives and FOSH veterans through a training school designated ME 102, which was set up by MI4. Following the defeat of Nazi Germany, "... until 1948 the SHAI's primary objectives included the promoting of an independent Israeli state; infiltrating British mandate offices in order to inform the Jewish and Zionist leadership of British attitudes and proposed actions; collecting political information that could be used as propaganda; penetrating Arab and anti-Zionist factio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shai Memorial Plaque In Tel Aviv
Shai (also spelt Sai, occasionally Shay, and in Greek, Psais) was the deification of the concept of fate in Egyptian mythology. As a concept, with no particular reason for associating one gender over another, Shai was sometimes considered female, rather than the more usual understanding of being male, in which circumstance Shai was referred to as Shait (simply the feminine form of the name). His name reflects his function, as it means ''(that which is) ordained''. The Egyptians believed that Shai determined the length of each person’s life and was born with each person at their birth and remained at their side until they faced their final judgement before Osiris in the underworld Duat. In consequence, he was sometimes identified as the husband of Meskhenet, goddess of birth, or, in later years, of Renenutet, who assigned the Ren, and had become considered goddess of fortune. Because of the power associated in the concept, Akhenaten, in introducing monotheism, said that Shai wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isser Be'eri
Isser Be'eri (, born Isser Birenzweig; 30 January 1901 – 1 January 1958) was the director of the Haganah Intelligence Service in Israel and was responsible for helping to reorganise Israeli intelligence services in 1948, as well as ordering the execution of Meir Tobianski, who had been convicted of treason but was later found to have been innocent. He was the founding director of the Israeli Intelligence Department (between 1948 and 1949), which later became the Military Intelligence Directorate. Biography Born Isser Birenzweig in Radomsko in the Russian Empire (today in Poland), Be'eri was one of a group of young men known as the "Six from Bedzin", who were later the founders of Migdal. Be'eri emigrated to Palestine in 1921 and became a member of Kibbutz Artzi. He worked in construction until 1938. Between 1944 and 1945 he managed Israel Military Industries, and from 1946 to 1947 managed the Na'aman factory. Haganah intelligence Be'eri joined the Haganah in 1938 and was in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Units And Formations Established In 1940
A military, also known collectively as armed forces, is a heavily armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare. Militaries are typically authorized and maintained by a sovereign state, with their members identifiable by a distinct military uniform. They may consist of one or more military branches such as an army, navy, air force, space force, marines, or coast guard. The main task of a military is usually defined as defence of their state and its interests against external armed threats. In broad usage, the terms "armed forces" and "military" are often synonymous, although in technical usage a distinction is sometimes made in which a country's armed forces may include other paramilitary forces such as armed police. Beyond warfare, the military may be employed in additional sanctioned and non-sanctioned functions within the state, including internal security threats, crowd control, promotion of political agendas, emergency services and reconstruction, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haganah Units
Haganah ( , ) was the main Zionist political violence, Zionist paramilitary organization that operated for the Yishuv in the Mandatory Palestine, British Mandate for Palestine. It was founded in 1920 to defend the Yishuv's presence in the region, and was formally disbanded in 1948, when it became the core force integrated into the Israel Defense Forces shortly after the Israeli Declaration of Independence. Formed out of previous existing militias, Haganah's original purpose was to Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine, defend Jewish settlements against Arab attacks; this was the case during the Jaffa riots, 1921 Jaffa riots, the 1929 Palestine riots, the Jaffa riots (April 1936), 1936 Jaffa riots, and the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine, among others. The paramilitary was under the control of the Jewish Agency for Israel, Jewish Agency, the official governmental body in charge of Palestine's Jewish community during the British era. Until the end of World War II, H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aliyah Bet
''Aliyah Bet'' (, "Aliyah 'B'" – bet being the second letter of the Hebrew alphabet) was the code name given to illegal immigration by Jews, many of whom were refugees escaping from Nazi Germany or other Nazi-controlled countries, and later Holocaust survivors, to Mandatory Palestine between 1920 and 1948, in violation of the restrictions laid out in the British White Paper of 1939, which dramatically increased between 1939 and 1948. With the establishment of the State of Israel in May 1948, Jewish displaced persons and refugees from Europe began streaming into the new state in the midst of the 1948 Palestine war. In modern-day Israel, it has also been called by the Hebrew term ''Ha'apala'' (, "Ascension"). Those who underwent Ha'apala are known as ''Ma'apilim.'' The ''Aliyah Bet'' is distinguished from the ''Aliyah Aleph'' ("Aliyah 'A'", Aleph being the first letter of the Hebrew alphabet) which refers to the limited Jewish immigration permitted by British authorities d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shin Bet
The Israel Security Agency (ISA; , (GSS); ), better known by the Hebrew acronyms, acronyms Shabak (; ; ) or Shin Bet (from the abbreviation of , "Security Service"), is Israel's internal Security agency, security service. Its motto is "''Magen v'lo Yera'eh''" (). The Shin Bet's headquarters are located in northwest Tel Aviv, north of Yarkon Park. It is one of three principal organizations of the Israeli Intelligence Community, alongside Military Intelligence Directorate (Israel), Aman (military intelligence) and Mossad (foreign intelligence service). Organization Shabak is believed to have three operational wings: ;The Arab Department: responsible primarily for Arab-related counterterrorism activities in Israel, the West Bank, and the Gaza Strip. ;The Israel and Foreigners Department: formerly named the Non-Arab Affairs Department. It includes the Department for Counter-intelligence and Prevention of Subversion in the Jewish Sector, also known as the ''Jewish Department''. It ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David Ben-Gurion
David Ben-Gurion ( ; ; born David Grün; 16 October 1886 – 1 December 1973) was the primary List of national founders, national founder and first Prime Minister of Israel, prime minister of the State of Israel. As head of the Jewish Agency from 1935, and later president of the Jewish Agency Executive, he was the ''de facto'' leader of the Yishuv, Jewish community in Palestine, and largely led the movement for an independent Jewish state in Mandatory Palestine. Born in Płońsk, then part of Congress Poland, to Polish Jewish parents, he immigrated to the Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem, Palestine region of the Ottoman Empire in 1906. Adopting the name of Ben-Gurion in 1909, he rose to become the preeminent leader of the Jewish community in British-ruled Mandatory Palestine from 1935 until the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, which he led until 1963 with a short break in 1954–55. Ben-Gurion's interest for Zionism developed early in his life, leading him to become a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nahum Admoni
Nahum Admoni (; born November 21, 1929) is an Israeli former intelligence officer who served as the Director-General of the Mossad from 1982 to 1989. Admoni was born in Jerusalem in Mandatory Palestine. His parents, Eliyahu and Sima Rothbaum, were middle-class Polish Jewish immigrants. Growing up, he studied at the Rehavia Gymnasium. In 1946, he enlisted in the Haganah and joined the Third Battalion of the Palmach. He fought in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War in the SHAI, the Haganah intelligence branch, and later in the military intelligence of the newly created Israel Defense Forces. He was discharged from the army in 1950 with the rank of Lieutenant. He then went to the United States and studied international relations at the University of California, Berkeley, returning to Israel in 1954. There he rejoined the Israeli intelligence community, working his way up the chain of command to be Mossad Director Yitzhak Hofi's deputy. In 1982 the designated director of the Mossad Yekutiel A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reuven Shiloah
Reuven Shiloah (; born Zaslansky, later shortened to Zaslani; Shiloah was his underground alias; December 20, 1909 – May 10, 1959) was a leader of the Israeli Intelligence Community and one of its founders. He was the founder and the first head of Mossad. Early life Shiloah was born into a religious family in Jerusalem during the late Ottoman empire, Palestine . He was the son of Sarah and Rabbi Aharon Yitzhak Zaslansky (a native of Lithuania), one of the rabbis of Jerusalem. He studied at the Tachkemoni School in the city, and later at the David Yellin Teachers College, where he learned Arabic and graduated in 1929. In his youth, he transitioned to secular Zionism and studied Middle Eastern Studies at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, where he was recruited into the Haganah. Intelligence beginnings Zaslansky, who had by then shortened his surname to Zaslani, was recruited by Dov Hoz to the Haganah and assigned to intelligence missions on behalf of the Yishuv leade ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rekhesh
Rekhesh (, ''lit.'' Acquisitions) was the arms and munitions procurement branch of the Haganah Jewish defense force in Mandatory Palestine, in the middle 1940s, at a time when the British were not allowing the Jews to have arms. Rekhesh stole arms from British and Allied military bases, bought weapons on the black market and imported them from legitimate suppliers.Adelman, 2008, p. 156. The organization was expert at modifying, dismantling, and packing weapons so that they could be smuggled into Palestine without detection by the British authorities. Shaul Avigur Shaul Avigur (; 11 September 1899 – 29 August 1978) was a founder of the Israeli Intelligence Community. Biography Avigur was born in Dvinsk under the name Saul Meyeroff (''later'' Meirov; ), but when his son Gur Meyeroff was killed in the 1948 ... was head of the organization and Ehud Avriel one of its main operatives. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shabtai Teveth
Shabtai Teveth (; 1925 – 1 November 2014) was an Israeli historian and author. Teveth was born in 1925 and grew up in the worker' quarters at the Migdal Tzedek quarry, where his father worked, near Petah Tikva. He began working as a journalist for the newspaper ''Haaretz'' in 1950, eventually becoming its political correspondent. In 1981, he was appointed senior research fellow at the Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies at Tel Aviv University. Following the publication of his research into the murder of Haim Arlosoroff, 1982, Menachim Begin - first Israeli Prime Minister elected from the Revisionist movement - ordered a Judicial Commission of Enquiry which concluded that Teveth was wrong to suggest the murder might have been carried out by two Revisionists. In his biography of David Ben-Gurion, Teveth argues that Ben-Gurion did not instigate a policy of population transfer. In 2005, Teveth was awarded the Israel Prize for "lifetime achievement and s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David Shaltiel
David Shaltiel (; 16 January 1903 – February 1969) was an Israeli military and intelligence officer, later also diplomat, and was most well known for being the district commander of the Haganah in Jerusalem during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. Biography David Shaltiel was born on 16 January 1903 in Berlin into a Portuguese Sephardic family, the oldest son of Benjamin Sealtiel and Helene Wormser. At 16, Shaltiel joined the Zionist youth movement Blau Weiss, and he went to Palestine in 1923. However, he was not happy there, and returned to Europe in 1925. From 1925 to 1930 he was enlisted in the French Foreign Legion. In 1934 he returned to Palestine. There he started working for the Haganah, being charged with buying arms in Europe. In 1936 he was captured in Aachen, Germany, by Gestapo. Shaltiel spent the next three years in prisons/concentration camps, including Dachau and Buchenwald. When he was sent to Berlin in 1939 the Haganah succeeded in freeing him. He then went back ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
