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Shah ʿAbbās
Abbas I (; 27 January 1571 – 19 January 1629), commonly known as Abbas the Great (), was the fifth Safavid shah of Iran from 1588 to 1629. The third son of Shah Mohammad Khodabanda, he is generally considered one of the most important rulers in Iranian history and the greatest ruler of the Safavid dynasty. Although Abbas would preside over the apex of Safavid Iran's military, political and economic power, he came to the throne during a troubled time for the country. Under the ineffective rule of his father, the country was riven with discord between the different factions of the Qizilbash army, who killed Abbas' mother and elder brother. Meanwhile, Iran's main enemies, its arch-rival the Ottoman Empire and the Uzbeks, exploited this political chaos to seize territory for themselves. In 1588, one of the Qizilbash leaders, Murshid Quli Khan, overthrew Shah Mohammed in a coup and placed the 16-year-old Abbas on the throne. However, Abbas soon seized power for himself. Under his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
King Of Kings Of Iran
The monarchs of Iran ruled for over two and a half millennia, beginning as early as the 7th century BC and enduring until the 20th century AD. The earliest Iranian king is generally considered to have been either Deioces of the Median dynasty () or Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid dynasty (550–330 BC). The last Iranian king was Mohammad Reza Pahlavi of the Pahlavi dynasty (1925–1979), which was overthrown by the Islamic Revolution. Since then, Iran has been governed as an Islamic republic#Iran, Islamic republic. In classical antiquity, Iran reached the peak of its power and prestige under the Achaemenid Empire, which stretched from Achaemenid Egypt, Egypt and parts of Southeast Europe in the west to the Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley, Indus Valley and parts of Central Asia in the east. By 323 BC, the Achaemenid Empire's territories had been conquered by the Macedonian Empire during the Wars of Alexander the Great, bringing Iran into the Hellenistic period, Hellenist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Persian–Uzbek Wars
The Persian–Uzbek Wars were a series of conflicts between the Shaybanids and Safavid Empire of Persia fought between 1502 and 1510. The Safavid dynasty prevailed. Safavid–Uzbek Wars In 1502, shortly after Muhammad Shaybani defeated an invasion by the Ferghanan ruler Babur, Persian emperor Ismail I conquered the rest of Iran. Shaybani and his horsemen began to raid the Timurid Empire, which was a great superpower founded by the ruthless Timur in the late 14th century. Badi al Zaman appealed to the shah of Persia for help, and Ismail went to war with the Shaybanids. Shaybani captured the Timurid southern capital at Herat in 1507, and then Shaybani went to war with the Kazakh Khanate in the north. Meanwhile, Badi sought asylum in the Persian Empire. Ismail and the Timurid army combined their forces and prepared to face the Uzbeks' army. At the Battle of Marv, the allied army beat off the Shaybanids, and Shaybani was killed trying to flee. This marked the end of the Shaybani ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siege Of Kandahar (1605–1606)
The siege of Kandahar lasted from November 1605 to January 1606 and was led by the Persians to capture the Mughal frontier city of Kandahar. After two months of constant assaults, the relief army forced the Persians to retreat. Thus, resulted in a decisive victory for the Mughal Empire. Background The Mughals had obtained the city of Kandahar in 1595, after the Mughal army advanced to the city's governor, Moẓaffar-Ḥosayn Mirzā, and negotiated with him a surrender.Iranica 2011 The Safavid ruler, Shah Abbas, was shocked by the loss of the important fortress but as main Iranian concerns lay with the equally powerful Ottomans at their westernmost territories, he abstained from military action, preferring to negotiate a settlement. Battle When Emperor Akbar died on October 27, 1605, the Safavid governor of Herat, Hosayn Khan, moved to recapture the city on behalf of the Safavids by the order of Shah Abbas while the Indians were distracted with other matters. The city, defen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mughal–Persian Wars
The Mughal–Persian wars were a series of wars fought in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries between the Safavid and Afsharid Empires of Persia, and the Mughal Empire of India, over what is now Afghanistan. The Mughals consolidated their control of what is today India and Pakistan in the 16th century, and gradually came into conflict with the powerful Safavids and Afsharids, led by Abbas the Great and Nader Shah respectively. Aside from Nader Shah's invasion of the Mughal Empire, most of the conflict between the two powers were limited to battles for control over Kandahar. From a Safavid point of view, the Mughal army counted as "far less formidable" than that of their arch rivals the Ottomans. War of 1557–1558 Shah Tahmasp of Persia tried to exploit the inexperience of the young Mughal Emperor Akbar, then an adolescent. He sent an army to lay siege to Kandahar, a vital southern Afghan city held by Shah Muhammad, a governor appointed by the Mughal regent Bairam Khan. With ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siege Of Erivan (1616)
The siege of Erivan took place in 1616 during the Ottoman–Safavid War (1616–1618) when the Safavids were at war with Kingdom of Kartli and Kingdom of Kakheti. Grand vizier Öküz Mehmed Pasha besieged Erivan. Shah Abbas harassed the Ottoman supply lines, and by the time winter was nearing, but even Shah Abbas was war with Kingdom of Kartli and Kakheti, Öküz Mehmed Pasha defeated and ended the siege and retreated, leading to the deaths of many soldiers due to the cold weather, and he made peace with the Shah of Iran and promised to make peace between Safavid Iran and the Ottoman Empire upon reaching Istanbul Istanbul is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city in Turkey, constituting the country's economic, cultural, and historical heart. With Demographics of Istanbul, a population over , it is home to 18% of the Demographics .... Sources * * * * References {{Template:Major Ottoman sieges Battles of the Ottoman–Persian Wars Sieges ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman–Safavid War (1616–1618)
The Ottoman–Safavid War of 1616–1618 was a brief war between the Ottoman Empire and Safavid Iran. After the Ottoman–Safavid war (1603–1612), the Ottomans and Safavids had signed the Treaty of Nasuh Pasha, in which their borders were changed back to the previous one under Selim I and Shah Ismail I. In exchange, the Safavid ruler Shah Abbas I promised to send the Ottomans 200 pack-loads of silk each year. In 1616, the Ottomans used the Safavids' failure to deliver the silk as a pretext to start another war. At the end of August 1616, a sizable Ottoman army led by the grand vizier Öküz Mehmed Pasha besieged Erivan. Abbas harassed the Ottoman supply lines, and by the time winter was nearing, Mehmed Pasha ended the siege and retreated, leading to death of many of soldiers due to the cold weather. Due to his setback, he was replaced by Damat Halil Pasha as the new grand vizier. In 1618, with the assistance of Tatar and Georgian warriors, Halil Pasha launched another Ottom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abbas I's Kakhetian And Kartlian Campaigns
Abbas may refer to: People * Abbas (name), list of people with the name, including: **Abbas ibn Ali (645–680), popularly known as ''Hazrat-e-Abbas'', the son of Ali ibn Abi Talib (the first imam in Shia Islam) **Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib (567–653), uncle of Muhammad ** Abbas ibn Firnas (810–887), an Andalusian polymath, mathematician, physician, astronomer, inventor, poet, and reported to have experimented with a form of flight ** Abbas the Great (1571–1629), Fifth Safavid Shah of Iran (r. 1587–1629) ** Wazir Abbas (Died 1545), Grand Vizier of the Adal Sultanate ** Abbas II of Persia (1632–1666), Seventh Safavid Shah of Iran (r. 1642–1666) ** Abbas I of Egypt (1812–1854), founder of the reigning dynasty of Egypt and Sudan at the time (r. 1849–1854) ** Abbas II of Egypt (1874–1944), last Khedive of Egypt and Sudan (r. 1892–1914) ** Mahmoud Abbas (born 1935), president of the Palestinian National Authority ** Abbas (actor) (born 1975), Indian actor ** Abbas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siege Of Ganja (1606)
The siege of Ganja took place in 1606 during the Ottoman–Safavid War of 1603–1618. The Safavids had lost the city to the Ottomans by the Treaty of Constantinople of 1590. Three months after the victorious Battle of Sufiyan (1605), Safavid king (''shah'') Abbas I of Persia (1588–1629) invested Ganja, and reconquered it after a six-month siege. After Ganja was recaptured, Abbas I and his men proceeded to Tiflis (Tbilisi), retaking control of the city in the same year. References Sources * * * {{Major Ottoman sieges, state=collapsed Ganja 1606 1606 in the Ottoman Empire 1600s in Iran 1606 in Asia Ganja Ganja Ganja ''Ganja'' (, ; ) is one of the oldest and most commonly used synonyms for cannabis flower, specifically marijuana or hashish. Its usage in English dates to before 1689. Etymology ''Ganja'' is borrowed from Hindi (, IPA: aːɲd͡ʒa ... History of Ganja, Azerbaijan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Sufiyan
The Battle of Sufiyan took place on 6 November 1605, during the Ottoman–Safavid War of 1603–1618. The Safavids, under King (''Shah'') Abbas I (1588–1629), beat a numerically superior, fully-fledged Ottoman army. It was one of King Abbas I's greatest military victories. According to Colin Imber: "For the Ottomans the battle of Sufiyan was a greater disaster than anything they had experienced in Hungary, where the war which had begun in 1593 had revealed Ottoman military deficiencies in the face of new European weapons and tactics." Prelude In 1603, Abbas I recaptured Tabriz and Nakhchivan from the Ottomans, territories which the Safavids had been forced to cede in 1590. In the same year, the Ottomans were already fighting on two fronts—in Hungary against the Habsburgs and in Anatolia against the Jelalis. Abbas I proceeded to recover Erivan the next year, in June 1604. In the same month, the Ottomans dispatched Cığalazade Yusuf Sinan Pasha (hereafter, simply "Sinan Pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siege Of Dimdim
The siege of Dimdim was an operation orchestrated by the Safavid Iran, Safavid ruler Abbas the Great, Shah Abbas I (), in which his forces besieged the Dimdim Castle of the rebellious Kurds, Kurdish Emirate of Bradost from November 1609 to the summer of 1610. The siege was led by the grand vizier Hatem Beg Ordubadi, who captured the castle and massacred its garrison. Background Throughout the 17th-century, Safavid dynasty, Safavid shahs (kings) of Safavid Iran, Iran opted to use harsh measures against the uncooperative Kurdish tribes in the western part of the country. Abbas the Great, Shah Abbas I () had to decide whether to crack down on Kurdish parties that were in a semi-subordinate position or to maintain a reasonable equilibrium between the Kurds and Turkoman (ethnonym), Turkmens. In the case of Amir Khan Lepzerin, the ruler of the Emirate of Bradost, who constructed the Dimdim Castle close to the western part of the Lake Urmia and rebelled against the Safavids, Shah Abbas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abbas I's Shirvan Campaign
Abbas I's Shirvan campaign took place in 1606–1607, during the Ottoman–Safavid War of 1603–1618. The Safavids had lost control over the province by the Treaty of Constantinople of 1590. In the winter of 1606, Safavid king (''shah'') Abbas I (1588–1629), invaded Shirvan. Derbent and Baku soon fell as a result of pro-Safavid uprisings and in the spring of 1607 Abbas I and his men successfully besieged Shamakhi, the provincial capital of Shirvan. With the reconquest of Shirvan, the Safavids had recovered all territories lost to the Ottomans in 1590. (''see'' Treaty of Nasuh Pasha Treaty of Nasuh Pasha (, ) was a treaty between the Ottoman Empire and Safavid Persia after the war of 1603–1612, signed on 20 November 1612. It was made after a decisive Safavid victory. The main terms in the treaty included granting back Persi ...) References Sources * * {{cite book , last1=Emiralioğlu , first1=Pinar , title=Geographical Knowledge and Imperial Culture in the Early Modern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Urmia (1604)
The Battle of Urmia (or, Urumiyeh) was fought near Lake Urmia in north-western Persia between the Safavid and Ottoman empires and resulted in a decisive Safavid victory. The Ottomans were fooled into an ambush by the Iranian army where many of them were killed or captured in an encirclement manoeuvre. Over the next three years all of western and northern Persia was recaptured and the Safavids even re-established their suzerainty over their former vassals in the Caucasus. Background In 1603, Shah Abbas I of Safavid Iran realised the vulnerability of the Ottoman Empire and undertook a campaign to regain the lost territories of his Empire. His attack in 1603 saw him easily defeating the Ottoman garrisons surrounding Tabriz, following up on the success and effectively punching the Ottoman armies back into a well-fortified Yerevan (The capital of modern Armenia) and Eastern Anatolia. Battle Shah Abbas I approached with a force of an estimated 62,000 men, while the Ottomans he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
