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Serbian–Ottoman Wars (1876–1878)
The Serbian–Ottoman Wars (), also known as the Serbian–Turkish Wars or Serbian Wars for Independence (), were two consequent wars (1876–1877 and 1877–1878), fought between the Principality of Serbia and the Ottoman Empire. In conjunction with the Principality of Montenegro, Serbia declared war on the Ottoman Empire on 30 June 1876. By the intervention of major European powers, ceasefire was concluded in autumn, and the Constantinople Conference was organized. Peace was signed on 28 February 1877 on the basis of ''status quo ante bellum''. After a brief period of formal peace, Serbia declared war on the Ottoman Empire on 14 December 1877. Renewed hostilities lasted until February 1878. At the beginning of the conflict, the Serbian army was poorly trained and ill-equipped, unlike the troops of the Ottoman Empire. The offensive objectives the Serbian army sought to accomplish were overly ambitious for such a force, and they suffered a number of defeats that resulted from p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Great Eastern Crisis
The Great Eastern Crisis of 1875–1878 began in the Ottoman Empire's Rumelia, administrative territories in the Balkan Peninsula in 1875, with the outbreak of several uprisings and wars that resulted in the intervention of international powers, and was ended with the Treaty of Berlin (1878), Treaty of Berlin in July 1878. The war is referred to differently in various languages of the peoples involved in it due to differing sociocultural backgrounds. In Serbo-Croatian and Turkish language, Turkish, the war is likewise referred to as ''Velika istočna kriza'' ("Great Eastern Crisis") and ''Şark Buhranı'' ("Eastern Crisis") respectively. However, the occasionally used Turkish name ''Ramazan Kararnamesi'' ("Decree of Ramadan") refers specifically to the sovereign default declared on 30 October 1875 in historiography while ''93 Harbi'' ("War of 93") refers to the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878), Russo-Turkish War (the year 1293 of the Islamic Rumi calendar corresponding to the year ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mehmed Rushdi Pasha
Mehmed Rushdi Pasha (; or ''Mütercim Rüşdi Paşa''; 1811 – 27 March 1882) was an Ottoman reformist and statesman. He served as Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire during five separate terms. He was preceded by Midhat Pasha. Mehmed Rushdi Pasha was a fervent supporter of the Tanzimat. He believed that the empire would lag behind the West if no attempt was made to modernize itself. He served as a Translator of Military texts as well as a military colonel in his youth. He was born in 1811, and died on 27 March 1882. Early life Mutercim Rushdie Pasha was born to a poor boatman in 1811 in the town of Ayancik. When he was three years old his family moved to Istanbul circa 1814. In Istanbul Rushdie Pasha studied in the local school system. As he got older he was recruited by the military and studied under a man named Lord Tanase. Under the guidance of Lord Tanase he mastered the ability to read write and speak the French language. After working together with Lord Tanase, Rushdie P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imperial Russia
Imperial is that which relates to an empire, emperor/empress, or imperialism. Imperial or The Imperial may also refer to: Places United States * Imperial, California * Imperial, Missouri * Imperial, Nebraska * Imperial, Pennsylvania * Imperial, Texas * Imperial, West Virginia * Imperial, Virginia * Imperial County, California * Imperial Valley, California * Imperial Beach, California Elsewhere * Imperial (Madrid), an administrative neighborhood in Spain * Imperial, Saskatchewan, a town in Canada Buildings * Imperial Apartments, a building in Brooklyn, New York * Imperial City, Huế, a palace in Huế, Vietnam * Imperial Palace (other) * Imperial Towers, a group of lighthouses on Lake Huron, Canada * The Imperial (Mumbai), a skyscraper apartment complex in India * Imperial War Museum, a British military museum and organisation based in London, UK * * Imperial War Museum Duxford, an aviation museum in Cambridgeshire, UK * * Imperial War Museum Nort ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Đunis
Đunis ( sr-Cyrl, Ђунис) is a village in the municipality of Kruševac, Serbia , image_flag = Flag of Serbia.svg , national_motto = , image_coat = Coat of arms of Serbia.svg , national_anthem = () , image_map = , map_caption = Location of Serbia (gree .... According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 812 people.Popis stanovništva, domaćinstava i Stanova 2002. Knjiga 1: Nacionalna ili etnička pripadnost po naseljima. Republika Srbija, Republički zavod za statistiku Beograd 2003. References Populated places in Rasina District {{RasinaRS-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Status Quo Ante Bellum
The term is a Latin phrase meaning 'the situation as it existed before the war'. The term was originally used in treaties to refer to the withdrawal of enemy troops and the restoration of prewar leadership. When used as such, it means that no side gains or loses any territorial, economic, or political rights. This contrasts with , where each side retains whatever territory and other property it holds at the end of the war. Historical examples An early example is the treaty that ended the Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628 between the Eastern Roman and the Sasanian Persian Empires. The Persians had occupied Asia Minor, Palestine and Egypt. After a successful Roman counteroffensive in Mesopotamia finally ended the war, the integrity of Rome's eastern frontier as it was prior to 602 was fully restored. Both empires were exhausted after this war, and neither was ready to defend itself when the armies of Islam emerged from Arabia in 632. Another example is the sixteenth-cent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constantinople Conference
The 1876–77 Constantinople Conference ( "Shipyard Conference", after the venue ''Tersane Sarayı'' "Shipyard Palace") of the Great Powers (Austria-Hungary, Britain, France, Germany, Italy and Russia) was held in Constantinople (now Istanbul) from 23 December 1876 until 20 January 1877. Following the beginning of the Herzegovinian Uprising in 1875 and the April Uprising in April 1876, the Great Powers agreed on a project for political reforms in Bosnia and in the Ottoman territories with a majority- Bulgarian population. The Ottoman Empire refused the proposed reforms, leading to the Russo-Turkish War a few months later. Participants The Great Powers were represented at the conference respectively by: * United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland: : Lord Salisbury and Sir Henry Elliot; * Russian Empire: : Count Nikolay Ignatyev (historical spelling Nicolai Ignatieff); * French Republic: : Count Jean-Baptiste de Chaudordy and Count François de Bourgoing; * German Empir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Principality Of Montenegro
The Principality of Montenegro () was a principality in Southeastern Europe that existed from 13 March 1852 to 28 August 1910. It was then proclaimed a Kingdom of Montenegro, kingdom by Nikola I of Montenegro, Nikola I, who then became King of Montenegro. The capital was Cetinje and the Montenegrin perper was used as the state currency from 1906. The territory corresponded to the central area of modern-day Montenegro. It officially was a constitutional monarchy. Name In Danilo I, Prince of Montenegro, Danilo I's Code, dated to 1855, he explicitly states that he is the "''knjaz'' and ''gospodar'' of ''Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro, Crna Gora'' and ''Brda (Montenegro), Brda''" (; "prince and lord of Montenegro and Brda", "duke and lord of Montenegro and Brda"). In 1870, Nikola had the title of "''knjaz'' of ''Crna Gora'' and ''Brda''" (; "prince of Montenegro and Brda", "duke of Montenegro and Brda"), while two years later, the state was called "''Knjaževina'' of ''Crna Gora''" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
De Jure
In law and government, ''de jure'' (; ; ) describes practices that are officially recognized by laws or other formal norms, regardless of whether the practice exists in reality. The phrase is often used in contrast with '' de facto'' ('from fact'), which describes situations that exist in reality, even if not formally recognized. Definition ''De jure'' is a Latin expression composed of the words ''de'',("from, of") and ''jure'',("law", adjectival form of '' jus''). Thus, it is descriptive of a structural argument or position derived "from law". Usage Jurisprudence and ''de jure'' law In U.S. law, particularly after '' Brown v. Board of Education'' (1954), the difference between ''de facto'' segregation (that existed because of voluntary associations and neighborhoods) and ''de jure'' segregation (that existed because of local laws) became important distinctions for court-mandated remedial purposes. Government and culture Between 1805 and 1914, the ruling dynasty of Egypt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Serbian-Ottoman War
The second (symbol: s) is a unit of time derived from the division of the day first into 24 hours, then to 60 minutes, and finally to 60 seconds each (24 × 60 × 60 = 86400). The current and formal definition in the International System of Units (SI) is more precise: The second ..is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the caesium frequency, Δ''ν''Cs, the unperturbed ground-state hyperfine transition frequency of the caesium 133 atom, to be when expressed in the unit Hz, which is equal to s−1. This current definition was adopted in 1967 when it became feasible to define the second based on fundamental properties of nature with caesium clocks. As the speed of Earth's rotation varies and is slowing ever so slightly, a leap second is added at irregular intervals to civil time to keep clocks in sync with Earth's rotation. The definition that is based on of a rotation of the earth is still used by the Universal Time 1 (UT1) system. Etymology "Minute" comes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First Serbian-Ottoman War
First most commonly refers to: * First, the ordinal form of the number 1 First or 1st may also refer to: Acronyms * Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-Centimeters, an astronomical survey carried out by the Very Large Array * Far Infrared and Sub-millimetre Telescope, of the Herschel Space Observatory * For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology, an international youth organization * Forum of Incident Response and Security Teams, a global forum Arts and entertainment Albums * ''1st'' (album), by Streets, 1983 * ''1ST'' (SixTones album), 2021 * ''First'' (David Gates album), 1973 * ''First'', by Denise Ho, 2001 * ''First'' (O'Bryan album), 2007 * ''First'' (Raymond Lam album), 2011 Extended plays * ''1st'', by The Rasmus, 1995 * ''First'' (Baroness EP), 2004 * ''First'' (Ferlyn G EP), 2015 Songs * "First" (Lindsay Lohan song), 2005 * "First" (Cold War Kids song), 2014 * "First", by Lauren Daigle from the album '' How Can It Be'', 2015 * "First", by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mehmed Ali Pasha (marshal)
Mehmed Ali Pasha (November 18, 1827 – September 7, 1878Osman Selim Kocahanoğlu, "Bir Osmanlı Ailesi ve Ali Fuad Cebesoy", ''Ali Fuat Cebesoy'un Arşivinden Askeri ve Siyasi Belgeler'', Temel Yayınları, İstanbul, 2005, , p. 13. ) was a Prussia, Prussian-born Ottoman Empire, Ottoman career officer and marshal. He was the grandfather of the Turkish statesman Ali Fuat Cebesoy, and the great-grandfather of famous poets Nâzım Hikmet and Oktay Rıfat Horozcu and the socialist activist, lawyer, and athlete Mehmet Ali Aybar. Biography Mehmed Ali was born as Ludwig Karl Friedrich Detroit (also known as Carl Detroy) in Magdeburg, Kingdom of Prussia, Prussia. His parents were Carl Friedrich Detroit and Henriette Jeanette Severin. The French family name points to Huguenot ancestry, as a descendant of Protestant refugees from France in the 16th or 17th century. During his teenage years in 1843 he ran away to sea, and traveled to the Ottoman Empire, where he converted to Islam and wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahmed Eyüb Pasha
Ahmed Eyüb Pasha (Modern Turkish: ''Ahmet Eyüp Paşa''; 1833–1893) was an Ottoman military commander, who participated in the Russo-Turkish War (1877–78). On May 28, 1893, Marshal Ahmet Eyüp Pasha died. Eyüp Pasha was born in Istanbul in 1833. He studied at the War School. He joined the army as a staff captain in 1858. He distinguished himself among his friends and rose to the rank of Mirliva, or Pasha, in a short period of eleven years. After performing many military services, he became the commander of the seventh army and governor of the Yemen vilayet in 1873 with the rank of marshal. He participated in the 1877-1878 Ottoman-Russian wars. He served as marshal of the fifth and later the third army. In 1885, he was appointed governor of Yanya (Ioannina) and general commander of the Greek border. While he was the governor of Kosovo, he was exiled to Istanbul. He was given the duty of attending the Friday greetings of Sultan Abdulhamid II in Istanbul Istanbul is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
